高二英语人教版选修8学案：Unit3InventorsandinventionsSectionⅠ
Unit 3Inventors and inventions
重点句型
1．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself...(Here is a chance for sb.to do sth.有个机会让某人做某事。)
2．I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.(set about doing sth.着手做某事；the easiest way to do sth.最容易做某事的办法)
3．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.(“only ＋时间状语”位于句首时句子要用部分倒装)
4．It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.(“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分”是强调句型) 5．Hold the line，please.请别挂断。
6．Can I speak to...，please？我可以和……通电话吗？
重点语法
复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法。
写作要求
能用本单元的单词、短语、句型写一篇求职信之类的应用文，正确表述自己的观点，要求文体恰当，用词准确。
Section Ⅰ—Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading & Comprehending
一、看下面的图片，回答下列问题
1．What is Yuan Longping famous for?
________________________________________________________________________ 2．Who was Thomas Edison?
________________________________________________________________________ 3．Who was Cai Lun?
________________________________________________________________________ 4．What did George Stephenson invent?
________________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you know some other inventors?
________________________________________________________________________
二、将单词与相对应的释义搭配起来
A B
1．distinguish a．a set of papers，records
2．convenient b．to take hold of something suddenly and violently
3．file c．to recognize the difference
4．seize d．happy，cheerful
5．merry e．close and easy to reach or quick and easy to do
三、短语互译
A．从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思
1．in the countryside ____________
2．get rid of ____________
3．living creatures ____________
4．decide on ____________
5．on top of ____________
B．从文中找出与下列释义对应的英文
1．给……打电话____________
2．偶尔；有时____________
3．开始；着手____________
四、阅读THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES，将一项发明被批准之前的顺序重新排列A．Applying for a patent
B．Finding a problem
C．Doing research
D．Testing the solution
E．Thinking of a creative solution
F．Deciding on the invention
正确顺序：1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______
五、阅读THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES，回答下列问题
1．The purpose of writing this passage is ______.
A．to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill them
B．to tell people how to apply for a patent
C．to introduce the writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent D．to tell the reader how to get a new idea and make it a patent
2．What's the biggest advantage of the writer's new idea?
A．It makes the snakes move slowly.
B．It makes the snakes hardly bite us.
C．It is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselves.
D．It is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them.
3．The writer finally caught the snakes by______.
A．hitting them with a stick
B．cooling them and catching them with a net
C．putting them into a schoolbag
D．watering them with cool water
4．You won't get a patent before you______.
A．make an invention B．catch all the snakes
C．learn to operate a computer D．get rid of your bad habits
5．According to the text，which subject do you think can be given a patent?
A．A new star discovered by a scientist.
B．A new novel written by Huo Da.
C．A new way to make dirty water clean.
D．A new kind of grass found in a mountain which can be used as a medicine.
答案：一、1.Y uan Longping is famous for his hybrid rice.
2．Thomas Edison，an American inventor，invented more than 1000 things，including the lamp bulb(灯泡)．
3．Cai Lun，a Chinese inventor，invented the papermaking technology.
4．George Stephenson，an English inventor，invented the locomotive(铁路机车)．
5．Answers will vary.
二、1.c 2.e 3.a 4.b 5.d
三、A.1.在农村 2.除掉 3.生物 4.决定 5.在……的顶端
B．1.call up 2.now and then 3.set about
四、1.B 2.C 3.E 4.D 5.F 6.A
五、1～5 CDBAC
1．When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 我给在乡下的妈妈打电话的时候，她正感到很心烦。
剖析：When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone是时间状语从句。考点：call up 给……打电话
He called me up to tell me the good news.
他打电话告诉了我这个好消息。
1)call up召集；叫醒；使人想起；朝上方叫喊
I was called up three months after the war broke out.
战争爆发三个月后，我被应征入伍。
The doctor was called up twice during the night to attend urgent cases.
夜里医生两次被叫醒去看急诊病人。
I simply can not call up where I have seen her.
我就是想不起我在哪儿见过她。
From the bottom of the stairs he called up，“Have you seen my book？”
他在楼下朝上喊道，“你看见我的书了吗？”
2)同义短语：call sb./ring sb.up
3)call的常用词组：
call on拜访(某人)
call at 拜访(某地)
call off取消
call for需要；要求
call in 召集；请……来
call back 回电话；收回
单项填空
1)As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain，the visit to the village ______ scenes of my childhood.
A．called up B．called for C．called on D．called in
用适当的介词或副词填空
2)This is the work that calls ______ patience.
3)Human Rights groups are calling ______ the release of political prisoners.
4)He had to call ______ the meeting because of the bad weather.
5)I'll call ______ him tomorrow.Do you want to visit him with me?
6)The company has called ______ all such models as were built in 1990.
7)The government then called ______ troops to deal with the disturbances.
8)The old photo calls ______ memories of my childhood.
2．Snakes come near the house now and then，and they seem to have made their home here，not far from the walnut tree.
蛇时不时地爬到屋子边上来，似乎是在离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。
考点：now and then偶尔；有时
Now and then，unusual creatures are washed to the shore，but they are rarely caught in the sea.
一些奇怪的生物偶然被冲到岸上来，然而在海里很少能捕得到它们。
We haven't seen each other for years，but we chat online now and then.
我们已有多年未见过面了，但有时会在网上聊一聊。
1)同义词(短语)：sometimes，at times，occasionally，once in a while，from time to time
2)常见的表示频率的副词还有：
always，all the time总是
usually 通常
often，frequently，constantly常常
单项填空
1) We get along quite well though there are quarrels between us ______.
A．now and then B．here and there C．at one time D．up and down
2)Though they are very busy every day，they manage to get together ______.
A．by and by B．now and then C．all the time D．more or less 3．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，又不会伤害它们。
剖析：主句以here开头，构成倒装句，以加强语气。
考点：distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
His red hair distinguishes himself from his classmates.
他的红头发显出他与同学们之间的不同。
Speech distinguishes man from the animals.
语言使人类与动物有所不同。
How do you distinguish between a star and a planet?
你怎样区分恒星和行星？
1)派生词：distinction n．区别；distinctive adj.独特的；distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的
2)distinguish oneself使得自己扬名
This area distinguishes itself for its forests.
这个地区因为其森林而扬名。
3)be distinguished for 因……而著称
4)be distinguished by 以……为特征
5)be distinguished as 作为……而著名；称之为……
单项填空
1)Hangzhou is distinguished ______ its beautiful scenery.
A．as B．for C．in D．by
完成句子
2)Can you distinguish ______(在……之间) those two objects?
3)Children should be taught to ______(分辨是非)．
4)The Chinese nation is ______(因……而著称) its diligence and courage.
4．I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. (于是)我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易捉住它们的方法。
剖析：不定式to find the easiest way作目的状语，to trap them作way的定语。
考点：set about 开始；着手
The moment we got to the little village，we set about doing research.
一到那个小村庄，我们就开始了研究工作。
I must set about my packing.
我得着手收拾行李了。
归纳：set about接动词作宾语时，应接动词的______形式。
1)同义词组：set out to do sth.
2)常用的set短语归纳
set down写下，记下，让乘客下车
be set in以……为背景
set aside留出，拨出，把……置于一旁
set off使爆炸；出发
set up 摆放或竖起某物；创(体育)纪录；建立
The driver stopped the bus and set down some passengers.
那个司机把公交车停下，让一些乘客下了车。
The film is set in France in the 1950s.
这部电影以20世纪50年代的法国为背景。
It's wise of people to set aside some money for urgent use.
人们留出一部分钱以备急用是明智的。
I like setting off fireworks when the Spring Festival comes.
春节来临时我喜欢放烟花。
A new government was set up after the war.
新政府于战后成立。
单项填空
1)Let's ______ our personal feelings for now，and get to our business.
A．set up B．set off C．set about D．set aside 2)If he sets about ______ what he wants to，nothing will stop him.
A．to do B．doing C．done D．does
用适当的介词或副词填空
3)I don't know how to set ______ this job.
4)She set ______ a new world record ______ the 100-metre race.
5)We need to set ______ finding a solution.
5．They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.
它们突然就消失在附近的墙洞里了。
考点一：abrupt adj.突然的；意外的
The abrupt change of the weather resulted in heavy losses to the farmers.
突然的天气变化使得农民们损失惨重。
This road has many abrupt turns.
这条道路有许多急转弯。
归纳：an abrupt change 意为“突然的变化”，an abrupt turn 意为“急转弯”。
abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地
He woke up abruptly，as if someone had called his name.
他突然醒来，好像有人喊了他的名字。
It is not polite to pay a visit to others abruptly.
唐突地拜访别人是不礼貌的。
考点二：convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
It is convenient for me to get to the railway station.
我到火车站很便利。
A domestic shower is very convenient to operate.
家用淋浴器使用起来方便极了。
It's useful to have a convenient supermarket.
附近有超市很有用。
1)同根词：convenience n．方便；便利；conveniently adv.方便地
2)短语和句型归纳：
at one's convenience在某人方便时
It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人干某事是方便的。
Sth.is convenient for sb.某事对某人来说是方便的。
单项填空
1)(2011·辽宁期中)He told me that in the following days there were other changes，even more ______.
A．abrupt B．changeable C．suitable D．typical
2)(2011·福建期中)—Can I come to ask for some advice at any time?
—Yes，of course.______.
A．If you're convenient B．At your convenience
C．Don't worry D．Don't mention it
选词填空
(abrupt，abruptly)
3)Don't be afraid of the______ increase of the prices in the stock market.
4)The snake______bit the old farmer，which caused his death.
同义句转换(每空一词)
5)You may call her at your convenience.
If ______ ______ ______ for you，you may call her.
6．This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.
这是因为我预料到蛇还会再咬人。
剖析：that the snakes would bite again是同位语从句。
The dog wagged its tail in the expectation that it would get a bone.
那只狗摇着尾巴，期望得到一根骨头。
考点：expectation n．预料；期待；期望
The result of the experiment was beyond my expectation.
试验的结果出乎我的预料。
Expectation is better than realization.
期待比实现更美好。
The reward fell short of our expectations.
奖励不符合我们的期望。
1)常用短语：
in expectation of期待；指望
against expectation出乎预料
beyond expectation料想不到
2)辨析expectation和hope：
expectation指“盼望某事发生”或“认为某事会发生”。
hope 指“主观认为某事会发生或出现，但缺少根据或把握”。
Turn the customers' expectation into the requirements on products.
将顾客的期望转化成为对产品的要求。
We have a slim hope of success.
我们有一线成功的希望。
单项填空
1)When the news came ______ the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army. A．since B．which C．that D．because 2)His parents' greatest ______ is that he could be accepted by a top university. A．means B．majority C．mixture D．expectation
7．Pressed by my friends and relations，I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.
在朋友和亲戚的敦促下，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，以使我的成功的点子得到认证。
剖析：Pressed by... 是过去分词短语作状语。
Written in a hurry，the article is not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
考点：seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺
We should seize every opportunity to develop the economy.
我们应当善于把握时机来发展经济。
They want to seize the murderer.
他们想抓住凶手。
First，we must seize this position，and then we will station around the town.
首先，我们必须夺取这个阵地，然后驻扎在城区周围。
1)seize on/upon 意识到某事物并立即加以利用，把握
They seized on the offer of a free trip.
他们紧紧把握住这次免费旅行的机会。
2)辨析seize和catch：
seize和catch都表示“抓住”，在笼统地说“抓住”时，这两个词可以换用。二者都可以用人作宾语，而且可用by短语表示抓住的部位。如：
The thief was seized/caught.那个小偷被抓住了。
I seized/caught him by the ear.我抓住了他的耳朵。
在描写具体的“抓住”行为时，catch指经过追逐或一定的筹划后“抓住”；seize则指临时地、突然地“抓住”。如：
He caught an enemy soldier alive.他活捉了一个敌兵。
Tom seized the reins of the horse.汤姆抓住了马的缰绳。
单项填空
1)______ an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.
A．Offer B．Offering C．Offered D．To offer
2)______ by the collar，Jane was dragged out of the vehicle by the tough guys and locked up in the dark room.
A．Seizing B．Being seized C．Having seized D．Seized
完成句子，每空一词
3)His father asked him to ______ ______ ______(抓住时机) to make some money.
4)We ______ ______(身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.
5)The critics ______ ______(抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant.
8．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。
剖析：这是一个以only开头且倒装的主从复合句，can you say that you are truly an inventor是主句，after you have had that recognition 是时间状语从句。
only修饰状语或状语从句在句首时，主句的主语和谓语要用部分倒装。
Only in this way can we bring down the prices of pork.
只有用这种方法我们才能把猪肉的价格降下来。
单项填空
1)Only when he reached the tea-house ______ it was the same place he'd been in last year. A．he realized B．he did realize C．realized he D．did he realize 2)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ______ a decision.
A．they reached B．did they reach C．they reach D．do they reach 9．So I have filled in the form and filed my patent application with the Patent Office. 于是，我填了表，向专利局提交了申请书。
考点：file n. 文件；档案；文件夹vt. 提交；将……归档
Here's our file on the Middle East.
这是我们关于中东的文件。
He is looking for his file.
他在寻找他的档案。
What have you put in the file?
你把什么放到了文件夹里？
Do you want to file an application?
你想提交申请吗？
The exam papers will be filed away in my office.
试卷将归档存放在我的办公室里。
1)file可作不及物动词，含义是“排成一行(前进)”或与for连用，意为“提出申请，提起诉讼”。如：
They filed past the grave of the national hero.
他们排成纵队走过那位民族英雄的坟墓。
She decided to file for divorce.
她决定申请离婚。
2)file常用词组：
have a file on存有关于……的资料
on file 存档
file for申请
单项填空
1)The man wanted to hunt，so he ______ a hunting permit.
A．filed B．filed for C．applied D．asked
用适当的介词填空
2)This should be kept ______ file for reference.
3)The police have a file ______ him.
答案：1．活学活用：1)A2)for3)for4)off5)on6)back 7)in8)up
2．活学活用：1)A2)B
3．活学活用：1)B2)between3)distinguish right from wrong4)distinguished for 4．考点：-ing
活学活用：1)D2)B3)about4)up；in5)about
5．活学活用：1)A2)B3)abrupt4)abruptly5)it is convenient
6．活学活用：1)C2)D
7．活学活用：1)C2)D3)seize the chance/opportunity 4)were seized5)seized on/upon 8．活学活用：1)D2)B
9．活学活用：1)B2)on3)on