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专题二代词和介词

专题二代词和介词
专题二代词和介词

专题二代词和介词

高考命题聚焦

1.(2011年高考大纲全国卷)I got this bicycle for ________:My friend gave it tome when she bought a new one.

A.everything B.something

C.anything D.nothing

解析:句意:我这辆自行车一分钱也没花:我的朋友买了一辆新的,就把她这辆给了我。for nothing不花钱,免费。

答案:D

2.(2011年高考山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find________difficult to tell one from the other.

A.it B.them

C.her D.that

解析:句意:这两个女孩长得如此相像,以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。本句中it 用在find 后作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to tell one from the other。them,her,that等词均不能作形式宾语或形式主语。

答案:A

3.(2011年高考天津卷)We feel________our duty to make our country a better place.

A.it B.this

C.that D.one

解析:句意:我们觉得使我们国家成为一个更好的地方是我们的责任。四个选项均为代词。it在此处作形式宾语,指代后面的动词不定式短语to make our country a better place,语法结构正确;this 指代下文将要涉及的内容,而that 往往指代上文提到的内容;one 作代词,指代同类不同物。this,that 和one 均不能作形式宾语。

答案:A

4.(2011年高考湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside________younger men.

A.in terms of B.in need of

C.in favor of D.in praise of

解析:句意:当被问及他们对校长的意见时,许多老师都希望看到他让位给年轻人。in terms of谈及,就……而言;in need of需要;in favor of支持,赞同;in praise of歌颂。根据句意可知应选C项。

答案:C

5.(2011年高考重庆卷)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read________the library.

A.in B.for

C.by D.from

解析:句意:雪莉是一个真正爱好读书的人,她经常从图书馆带很多书回家读。根据句意知此处用介词from。

答案:D

高考解密

[代词]

代词种类很多,功能不同。区分各种代词的不同功能是考生掌握的难点。高考题对代词的考查重点是不定代词some,any;none,no one,nothing;another,other,the other;neither,

either等的区别以及指示代词it,this,that,these,those等的不同替代作用。预计2012年的高考对代词的考查会以不定代词、指示代词等内容为主。

一、不定代词

不定代词是代词的核心内容,也是极不容易掌握的语法知识,其中有些不定代词极易混淆。高考主要考查不定代词的辨析,着重考查以下内容:

1.some,any的区别

some一般用于肯定句,表示“一些”,也可用于疑问句,表示请求、邀请、建议等,往往期望对方给予肯定的答复;any一般用于疑问句和否定句,此时仅仅起加强语气的作用,本身没有实际意义,但也可用于肯定句,当“任何,任何一个”讲。

2.something,anything,nothing的区别

something一般用于肯定句,表示“某事,某物”,也可以用于疑问句,表示请求、邀请、征询意见等;anything表示“任何东西,任何事物”,一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句,也可用于肯定句,当“任何事情”讲;nothing表示“没有什么,没有一件东西”,常用于陈述句,表示否定意义。

3.none,no one,nothing的区别

none既可指人,也可指物,侧重数量,通常指三者或三者以上的人或物,后可接of短语,作主语时谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数,常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句;no one只能指人,是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导疑问句,不与of短语连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;nothing常用来回答由what引导的疑问句。

4.another,other的区别

another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。other表示“其他的,另外的”,泛指其余的人或物,通常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。5.each,every,either,neither的区别

each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每一个”,侧重个体,后面可接of短语;either指两个人或事物中的任意一个,表选择;neither用于两者之间的否定,表示“两者都不”;every 侧重三个或三个以上中的“每一个”,强调“无一例外”的含义。

[典例1](2011年高考四川卷)There is________in his words.We should have a try. A.something B.anything

C.nothing D.everything

[解析]句意:他话里有话。我们应该试试。something“某物,某事”,符合句意。anything “任何(事物)”;nothing“没有任何(事物)”;everything“一切(事物)”,三者均不符合句意。[答案] A

二、it的用法

英语中,运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看,其用法可分为以下几类:1.指代事物或前面提到过的事物。

2.用来代替指示代词this或that。

3.指不明确的人。

4.指时间、距离、天气、环境等。

5.指代整个句子的内容。

6.可指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿和孩子)。

7.作形式主语和形式宾语。

当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,为了使句子保持平衡,通常把主语放在谓语动词之后,而用it作句子的形式主语。在复合宾语中,当宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。

[典例2]________worries me that he keeps changing his mind.

A.This B.That

C.What D.It

[解析]句意:他不断改变主意使我担心。it作形式主语,后面的that从句是真正的主语。[答案] D

[典例3]He didn't make ________clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A.this B.that

C.it D.these

[解析]it作形式宾语,后面when and where引导的从句才是真正的宾语。

[答案] C

8.用于以下句型。

(1)强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语、状语)+that(who)+句子的其余成分。强调句型只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)的位置改变,如果把强调结构(it is/was...that/who)去掉之后,句子还应是完整的。

[典例4]I don't mind her criticizing me,but________is how she does it that I object to.

A.it B.that

C.this D.which

[解析]从句子结构分析,此处考查的是强调句型,因此用it。

[答案] A

(2)It is+一段时间+since从句

(3)It was/will be+一段时间+before从句

[典例5]He was told that it would be at least three more months ________he could recover and return to work.

A.when B.before

C.since D.that

[解析]此处表示“多长时间以后才会……”,用“it will be+一段时间+before从句”。[答案] B

三、替代词one,ones,that和those的用法区别

1.one用来替代前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于a/an+单数名词。

2.ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词,也是泛指概念。

3.that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词,是同类替代,但并非同一个,可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。

4.those用来替代前面出现的复数名词,是特指概念,相当于the+复数名词,但多用于两者间的另外一方(一批)。

[典例6](2011年高考重庆卷)—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.

—What do you think of________over there?

A.the one B.this

C.it D.that

[解析]句意:“我真傻!我忘了我的行李什么样了。”“你觉得那边的那个是你的吗?”根据句中的over there可知此处指远处,故用that; the one特指“同类中的一个”,用于指代可数名词,而luggage不可数;this常指近处;it指代“同一物”,均不符题意。

[答案] D

[介词]

一、常用介词的用法

1.though,across,over,past的区别

through+地点,表示从某地穿过

across+地点,表示横穿某地,或从某地内部的一边到另一边,强调在表面运动

over+地点,表示跨越某地,强调经过一段距离,或不接触表面从上空越过

past+地点,表示从……旁边经过

2.besides,except,but的区别

besides意为“除……之外,还有……”,后面接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,也可单独使用,意为“此外”。

except意为“除……之外”,后面接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语、从句等作宾语。except for强调整体中的细节,意思是“只是”,前后的事物不属于同类。

but意为“除……之外”时,后面接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式作宾语,常可与except 互换使用。

二、介词短语

介词短语是指由“介词+名词、代词、动名词及副词”所构成的短语。考生要对常见的介词短语做到熟能生巧,运用自如。如at home,on a visit,in surprise,by the way,in question 等。

[典例1]Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name,not case number.

A.of B.as

C.by D.with

[解析]此处by表示方式,by name意为“凭名字”。

[答案] C

[典例2]Everything was perfect for the picnic ____the weather.

A.in place of B.as well

C.except for D.in case of

[解析]考查介词短语的辨析。根据题意可知,此处表示除了天气之外,一切都很好。强调整体中的细高考(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2a12303816.html,)英语精品教案:单项填空专题二代词和介词

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高考英语介词专题复习 一﹑考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 (1)介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。 介词分为:简单介词,如at、in、for等;合成介词,如within、inside、onto、throughout 等;短语介词,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词,如from behind / above / under、until after等。 分词介词,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、疑问词加不定式等。 (2)介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。 2、介词搭配 (1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。(2)常见“形容词+ 介词”搭配。 (3)“名词+ 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。 3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析 (1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。 表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。 (2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。 (3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。 注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。如: next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day one day、yesterday / afternoon, the night before (4)till、until、to的用法。 ①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。 但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。 ②to表“终结”时常用和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。 (5)in、after、later ①in + 一段时间:表示说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。 ②一段时间+ later(later是副词):表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。 ③after + 一段时间表示:“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after + 点时间,用于各种时态。 另外,in + 一段时间+ ’s + time 与within + 一段时间的用法如下: in a week’s time = in a week They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用) My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.(作表语) I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态,不超出,在……之内) (6)地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。 (7)表示方式、手段、工具的介词

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