语言学试卷
《 英语语言学 》试卷（A ） 专业班级：_________学号：_________姓名：__________总分 I. Judgment (1*20=20) Tell whether the following statements are true or false and write
T or F in the brackets on the answer sheet. (1*20=20) 1. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. F 2. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. T 3. Applied linguistics is the study of language as a whole. F 4. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. T 5. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. F 6. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. F 7. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning. F 8. If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution. F
9. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing. T
10. Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of
tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the
length of the vowels. T
11. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which
words are formed. T
12. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical
categories such as number, tense, degree, and case. T
13. Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order,
with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic. F
14. In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating
the other. T
15. It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon,
generate sentences at the level of D-structure. T
16. Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the
non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent
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meaning of the linguistic form. F
17. In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in
semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. T
18. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study
of meaning the context of use is considered. T
19. The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable. F
20. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention. F
Ⅱ. Multiple choice (1*20=20) Array Make the best choice to complete the following statements and
write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. (1*20=20)
21. A historical study of language is a __B____ study of language.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. prescriptive
D. comparative
22. Saussure took a(n) __A_____ view of language, while Chomsky looks at
language from a _______ point of view.
A. sociological…psychological
B. psychological…sociological
C. applied…pragmatic
D. semantic…linguistic
23. Of all the speech organs, the _C___ is/are the most flexible.
A. mouth
B. lips
C. tongue
D. vocal cords
24. The sound /f/ is _D_____.
A. voiced palatal affricate
B. voiced alveolar stop
C. voiceless velar fricative
D. voiceless labiodental fricative
25. A _C___ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue
maintaining the highest position.
A. back
B. central
C. front
D. middle
26. A(n) ___D__ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a
collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A. phone
B. sound
C. allophone
D. phoneme
27. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and
they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _A____.
A. in phonemic contrast
B. in complementary distribution
C. the allophones
D. minimal pair
28. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) _D_____.
A. bound morpheme
B. bound form
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free morpheme
29. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of
speech of ______B____.
A. the first element
B. the second element
C. either the first or the second element
D. both the first and the second elements
30. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ___C____.
A. lexical
B. morphemic
C. grammatical
D. semantic
31.Bound morphemes are those that ____D___.
A. have to be used independently
B. can not be combined with other morphemes
C. can either be free or bound
D. have to be combined with other morphemes
32.____A___ modify the meaning of the original word, but usually do not change
the part of speech of the original word.
A. Prefixes
B. Suffixes
C. Roots
D. Affixes
33. _____C____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language
by the linguists.
A. Words
B. Morphemes
C. Phonemes
D. Sentences
34. A ____D______ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that
introduces the embedded clause.
A. coordinator
B. particle
C. preposition
D. subordinator
35. Phrase structure rules have _A___ properties.
A. recursive
B. grammatical
C. social
D. functional
36. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ___A_____.
A. transformational rules
B. generative rules
C. phrase structure rules
D. x-bar theory
37. The sentence structure is __D______.
A. only linear
B. Only hierarchical
C. either linear or hierarchical
D. both linear and hierarchical
38. “Can I borrow your bike?”___D____ “You have a bike.”
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. presupposes
39. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, ___D____
might arise.
A. impoliteness
B. contradictions
C. mutual understanding
D.conversational implicatures
40. ____A__ was advanced by Paul Grice.
A. Cooperative Principle
B. Politeness Principle
C. Universal Grammar
D. Speech Act Theory
Ⅲ. Application (1*13+1*7+1*10+2*1+2*4=40)
i. Analyze the following pairs of words and decide their sense relations. Write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. (1*13=13)
A. dialectal synonymy
B. stylistic synonymy
C. synonymy different in emotive or evaluative meanings
D. collocational synonymy
E. semantically different synonymy
F. polysemy G . homophones H. homographs I. complete homonymy
J. hyponymy K. gradable antonymy L. complementary antonymy M. relational antonymy
41. clothes/shirt ( J ) 42. male/female ( L )
43. lorry/truck ( A ) 44. new /knew ( G )
45. blush/flush E) 46. fat/thin (K )
47. accuse/charge ( D ) 48. daddy/father (B )
49. tear/tear ( H ) 50. collaborator/accomplice ( C )
51. buy/sell (M ) 52. early adj./early adv. (I )
53. make a table/make money F
ii. Write the underlined sounds in narrow transcription on the answer sheet. (1*7=7) 54. cool ( ) 55. school ( )
56. good ( )
57. till ( ) 58. health ( ) 59. build ( )
60. lake ( )
iii. Fill the blanks to complete the following statements according to the given letters and write the answer in the bracket. (1*10=10)
61. Language is productive_____ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number
of sentences which they have never heard before.
62. Articulatory_____ phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to
produce the speech sounds and how they differ.
63. The four sounds /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e., they are
all bilabial______sounds.
64. The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are
called sequential____ rules.
65. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word
in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation_______.
66. Suprasegmental 超切分________ features are the phonemic features that occur
above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.
67. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a g rammatical_______ meaning.
68. Compounding__________ is the combination of two or sometimes more than
two words to create new words.
69. The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which
says something about the subject is grammatically called predicate_________.
70. Morphological 形态学______ rules reveal the relations between words and
provide the means for forming new words.
iv. Mark the head, specifier and complement of the following phrase. (1*2=2)
71. a book on the desk A book on the desk Specifier the head complement
v. Draw a tree diagram to show the phrase structure of the following sentences. (2*4=8) 72. An earthquake hit the area.
73. Tom said he liked linguistics.
IV . Question (4*3+8*1=20)
i. Choose one term from each pair and define it. (4*3=12)
74. competence/performance
75. minimal pair/ assimilation rule/
76. transformational rules/ D-structure
ii. Choose one of the following two questions and write your answer on your answer sheet. (1*8=8) 77. How does a sentence meaning differ from an utterance meaning? 78. Discuss in detail the locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocution-
ary act.
华中科技大学武昌分校
2009—2010 学年第二学期
《 2007级英语语言学》试卷（A）
答题纸
专业班级：_________学号：_________姓名：__________总分
I. Judgment (1*20=20)
1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
4. ( )
5. ( )
6. ( )
7. ( )
8. ( )
9. ( ) 10. ( ) 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( ) 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( )
II. Multiple choice (1*20=20)
21. ( ) 22. ( ) 23. ( ) 24. ( ) 25. ( ) 26. ( ) 27. ( ) 28. ( ) 29. ( ) 30. ( ) 31. ( ) 32. ( ) 33. ( ) 34. ( ) 35. ( ) 36. ( ) 37. ( ) 38. ( ) 39. ( ) 40. ( )
III. Application (1*13+1*7+1*10+2*1+2*4=40)
41. ( ) 42. ( ) 43. ( ) 44. ( ) 45. ( ) 46. ( ) 47. ( ) 48. ( ) 49. ( ) 50. ( ) 51. ( ) 52. ( ) 53. ( ) 54. ( ) 55. ( ) 56. ( ) 57. ( ) 58. ( ) 59. ( ) 60. ( ) 61. (p ) 62. (A ) 63. (b ) 64. (s ) 65. (i ) 66. (S ) 67. (g ) 68. (C ) 69. (p ) 70. (M )
71. a book on the desk
72. An earthquake hit the area.73. Tom said he liked linguistics.
IV. Question(4*3+8*1=20)
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
语言学概论试题及答案
一、填空题:（每空1 分，本大题共10 分） 1. （）语言学是在19世纪逐步发展和完善的，它是语言学 走上独立发展道路的标志。 2. 人的大脑分左右两半球，大脑的左半球控制（ 掌管不需要语言的感性直观思维。 3. 进入20世纪以后，语言研究的主流由历史比较语言学转为 （）。 4. 俄语属于印欧语系的（ 5. 一个音位包含的不同音素或者具体表现出来的音素叫做 （）。 6. 语言中最单纯、最常用、最原始和最能产的词是（ 7. 现代大多数国家的拼音文字的字母，大多直接来源于（）字 母。 8. 言外之意之所以能够被理解是因为（）起了补充说明的 作用。 9. 方言在社会完全分化的情况下，有可能发展成（? ）?； 在社会高度统一的情况下，会逐渐被共同语消磨直到同化。 10. 南京方言的“兰”、“南”不分，从音位变体的角度来说，[n ]和[l]是 属于（）变体。 二、单项选择题: 码填在题干上的括号内。（每小题1 分，本大题共15 分）
1. 在二十世纪，对哲学、人类学、心理学、社会学等学科产生重大影响 的语言学流派是（） A.历史比较语言学 B.心理语言学 C.结构主义语言学 D.社会语言学 2. “人有人言，兽有兽语”中的“言”属于（） A.语言 B.言语 C.言语行为 D.言语作品 3. “我爱家乡”中“爱”和“家乡”（） A.是聚合关系。 B.是组合关系。 C.既是聚合关系又是组合关系。 D. 4. 一种语言中数量最少的是 A.音素 B.音位 C.语素 D.音节 5. 英语的man—→men采用的语法手段是 A. 屈折变化 B.变换重音的位置 C. 变化中缀 D.异根 6. 在汉语普通话中没有意义区别功能的声学特征是（） A.音高 B.音强 C.音长 D.音质 7. [ε]的发音特征是 A.舌面前高不圆唇 B.舌面后高不圆唇 C.舌面前半高不圆唇 D.舌面前半低不圆唇 8. 构成“语言、身体”这两个词的语素的类型（） A.都是成词语素 B.都是不成词语素 C.“语”和“言”是成词语素，“身”和“体”是不成词语素 D.“语”和“言”是不成词语素，“身”和“体” 9. 广义地说，汉语动词词尾“着”、“了”、“过”属于语法范畴中的 （）
语言学概论期末考试试卷2
语言学概论期末考试试卷2 一、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1、人与人的口头交际过程是非常复杂的，从通信理论的角度可以将之理解为和的过程。 2、符号包含的两个方面是、。 3、到目前为止，语言学家的研究主要有三种不同的角度，分别是着眼于语言的、、。 4、共时语法指的是从某一时期存在的语法现象的角度地、 地研究语法，研究的重点是某一语言在特定范围的语法表现形式和语法规则系统。 5、义素分析的要求一是，二是。 6、文字改革有三种不同的情况：一种是；一种是；还有一种是。 二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分） 1、下列国家中不是以单一民族，单一语言为基础建立起来的是（） A．瑞士B．法国C．西班牙D．英格兰 2、语言是一种（） A．形式和内容相统一的视觉符号系统B．音义结合的听觉符号系统C．用于交际的触觉符号系统D．集视觉、听觉、触觉为一体的符号系统 3、普通语言学从理论上讲是研究（） A．个别民族语言的特殊规律B．人类各种语言一般与个别的规律 C．几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律D．汉语普通话的发展规律 4、噪音是（） A．振幅固定而有规则的声波B．频率最低、振幅最大的音 C．具有周期性重复的复合波形的音D．不具备整数倍的不规则的音 5、把语法分成词法、句法两个部分，是（）提出来的。 A．结构语法学B．形式语法学C．现代语法学D．传统语法学 6、语义的基本特征是（） A．概括性B．民族性C．模糊性D．同语言形式的结合 7、词的（）是词义的基本的和核心的部分 A．通俗意义B．非通俗意义C．理性意义D．非理性意义 8、“我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中，“光”的语义指向是（） A．我B．吃C．盘子里的菜D．盘子 9、日文的假名是典型的（） A．辅音文字B．音节文字C．表意文字D．意音文字 10、四川人在公开场合讲普通话，在家里讲四川话，这是一种（）
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
语言学期末考试
1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics. D A. applied B. diachronic C. comparative D. synchronic 2. The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a __C__ formula "S→NP VP". A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical 3. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A A. [p] B.[m] C.[b] D.[t] 4. The words ―make‖ and ―bus‖ are called _____D____because they can occur unattached. A. derivational morphemes B .inflectional morphemes C. bound morphemes D. free morphemes 5. The pair of words ―lend‖ and ―borrow‖ are____B______. A. gradable antonymy B. relational (converse) antonymy C. synonyms D. co-hyponyms 6. The semantic components of the word ―man‖ can be expressed as ____C___. A.＋animate,＋human,＋male,－adult; B.＋animate,＋human,－male,－adult; C.＋animate,＋human,＋male,＋adult D.—animate,＋human,－male,－adult 7. What kind of function does the sentence ―How do you do?‖ have? B A. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative 8. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as_______A____. A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words 9. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?______A_. A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 10. The branch of linguistics that studies meaning of language in context is called __C? A. morphology B. sociolinguistics C. pragmatics D. psycholinguistics 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language.
《语言学概论》模拟试题含答案
试卷代号：1093 语言学概论(本) 模拟试题 一、举例解释下列名词(每词5分，共10分) 1. 音位变体 2．借词 二、单项选择(每小题2分。共10分) 3．下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A．语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字也是人类最重要的交际工具 B．不同的阶级使用语言具有不同的特点，说明语言具有阶级性 C．人类多种多样的语言说明语言具有任意性特点 D．语言是一种纯自然的现象 4. 下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A．语法的组合规则是潜在的 B．语法的聚合规则是潜在的 C．语法的组合规则存在于书面语言中 D.语法的聚合规则存在于口头语言中 5．单纯词就是由一个( )构成的词。 A．词根 B．词干 C．词缀 D．词尾6．下列各种说法只有( )是正确的。 A．词义的模糊性说明词义是不可捉摸的 B．多义词使用不当会产生歧义，如“门没有锁” C．“glass”的本义是玻璃，派生义指玻璃杯，这是隐喻 D．同义词在修辞上具有对比作用，可以利用来突出对立面 7．下列说法只有( )是错误的。 A．语法的规则可以类推，但也有例外，如“wife”的复数不是“wifes” B．}昆合语又叫克里奥尔语，它可以被孩子们作为母语来学习 C．混合语只限于某社会集团使用，缺乏广泛性 D．“墨水”原指黑墨水，现指各种颜色的墨水，这种变化是词义的扩大
三、综合分析题(共40分) 8．描写下列音素的发音特点。（8分） ① [u]： ② Ea]： ③ [m]： ④ [x]： 9．分析下面词语中各个构词语素的类别，是词根、词缀还是词尾。（12分） ① going ②老乡 ⑧绿化 10．指出下列词组的结构类型。(10分) ①学生和老师 ②空气新鲜 ③热烈欢呼 ④摆放整齐 ⑤阅读报纸 11．指出下列句子中画线词语的词尾所表示的语法意义和语法范畴。(10分) He buys many books． 四、问答题(每小题10分，共40分) 12．为什么说语言是一种特殊的社会现象? 13．语言符号是一种分层装置，这种分层的核。g,是ffA?其上层由哪些要素构成? 各要素在数量上有何特点? 14．举例说明基本词汇的特点，并简要说明这些特点之间的相互影响。 15．什么是双语现象?双语现象随着社会的发展会出现怎样的结果?
2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案
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英语语言学试题试卷
黄冈师范学院2011年下学期 结业考试 英语语言学试题试卷 注意：学员证号和姓名不写、不写全或写在密封线外者，试卷作废。 1. There are __ __ (number) phones, __ __ (number) phonemes in the word ―loyalty ‖ 2.Of all the speech organs, the __ ___ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causing vibration, the sounds produced in such condition are __ ____. 3. The two words ―autumn ‖ and ―fall ‖ are __ __ synonyms. 4. The _ ___ meaning of a word is its dictionary meaning while _ meaning refers to ―the implication of a word, apart from its primary meaning. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b12402231.html,plementary distribution means that the _ __ of the same phoneme always occur in different phonetic environments. 6. Generally speaking, we can divide phonetics into at least three branches: articulatory phonetics, _ __ phonetics and acoustic phonetics. 7. Chomsky defines _ _ as the ideal speaker ’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance is the actual realization of this knowledge. 8. The phenomenon ―holiday meant a day of religious significance before, but today it signifies any day on which we don ’t have to work ‖ is _ __of the meaning 9.In Engllish, nouns, verbs adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary, they are called __ __ class words ,while conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns are regarded as closed class words. 10. Morphology is the study of the internal __ __ of words and the way in which words are formed. 11. The word ―disapproval ‖ has ___ ___ (number) morphemes while the word ―unchecked ‖ has __ ___ (number) morphemes. 12. _ _ are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves. 13.In English, _ _ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. 14. A lingustic study is _ _ if it describes and analyses the language people actually use; it is prescriptive if it tries to lay down rules for ―correct ‖ behavior. 15.Suprasegmental features include stress, tone and _ __. 1. （ ）There is only one argument in the sentence ―Children play basketball.‖ 2. （ ）Linguists think Black English is non-standard language while the received English is standard language. 3. （ ）There is only one type of affixes in the English language. 4. （ ） Pragmatics is related to and also different from semantics. 5. （ ） To a linguist, though all language forms can fulfill communicative functions, some languages are somewhat superior to the others. 6. （ ）A synchronic study of language is a historical study. 7. （ ）Deep structure is the same as surface structure. 8. （ ）One of the recent trends of language change is moving towards greater formality. 9. （ ）The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by F. de Saussure. 10.（ ） Culture is one part of language, because language embodies cultural reality. Column A Column B 1.（ ） arbitrariness A. basic element of meaning, which cannot be divided 2.（ ） maxim of quantity B. the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning component 3.（ ） culture C. the same one word may have more than one meaning 4.（ ） morphemes D. conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. 5.（ ） Sequential rule E. make someone ’s contribution as informative as required 6.（ ） assimilation rule F . there is no connection between a linguistic symbol I. Fill in the blanks (2’×15=30’) Ⅱ. Decide the following statements true or false: ( T for True and F for False).(1’×10=10’) III. Match the terms in column A with the descriptions in column B. (1’×10=10’)