15级科研型研究生期末试题-A卷(含答案)

《中山大学研究生学业考核管理规定》第十二条：

“考试作弊，课程成绩以零分登记，不许正常补考，补考成绩最高60分。”

2015级科研型硕士生《实用医学科研设计与统计分析》试题 （A ）

考试时间：2016.01.06 19:00-20:30

姓名：

学号：

成绩：

评分表（由阅卷老师填写）

请考生将所选答案用2B 铅笔在答题卡上涂黑，答案仅写在试题页面上无效。考试结束时，试题与答题卡一并上交。

一、单选题（请选择一个最佳答案。1~20题，每题2分，21~25题，每题4分，共60分）

1. 某保健品公司的营销部门通过网络问卷收集数据，分析民众的保健意识和购买意向。从统计学的角度看，此种信息收集方式最主要的问题是存在（ ）。

A. 回忆偏倚

B. 测量偏倚

C. 混杂偏倚

D. 选择偏倚

E. 随机偏倚

2. 实验研究与调查研究的根本区别是（ ）。

A. 是否设有对照

B. 研究对象是否为自然人群

C. 是否遵循重复原则

D. 是否遵循随机化原则 E ．是否人为施加干预

3. 下面关于析因设计的说法，不正确的是（ ）。 A. 处理因素有两个或以上 B. 处理因素的水平数有两个或以上 C. 处理因素及其水平数越多越好 D. 处理因素需同时施加，无先后顺序之分 E. 对所有处理因素的各水平的所有可能组合都进行试验

4. 以下哪一项不属于随机区组设计资料的方差分析要求的前提条件（ ）

。 A ．满足正态分布 B ．数据间独立

C ．数据须为等级资料

D ．残差分析提示各组方差齐

E ．随机样本

5. 关于交叉设计，以下说法错误的是（）。

A.交叉设计每个个体接受两种处理，节约样本量

B.交叉设计是特殊的自身对照设计，同时平衡实验顺序对结果的影响

C.洗脱期的作用是为了消除剩余效应的影响

D.交叉设计非常有效率，可以广泛地适用于不同病程时间的研究

E.交叉设计可以分析处理效应、阶段效应和顺序效应

6. 以两组比较的重复测量设计为例，以下说法错误的是（）。

A．重复测量资料的方差分析要满足球形对称性的前提条件

B．重复测量资料可以分析处理主效应、时间主效应，以及处理和时间的交互效应

C．时间主效应是指k个不同时间点上，两个处理组的k对总体均数间的对比关系

D．处理主效应是指两个处理组的总体均数不同

E．如果处理与时间的交互作用无统计学意义，可以在方差分析中只引入主效应项

7. 以下哪个不是队列研究的优点（）。

A．由“因”至“果”的观察

B．适用于罕见病的发病率对比

C．可以计算疾病的发病率

D．可确证暴露与疾病之间的关系

E．能了解人群疾病的自然史

8. 某课题组为研究某种职业工人肺癌的发生是否与暴露于工作环境中的某种化学物质有关，进行了病例对照研究，选取病例和对照各180名，得到的结果如下：

表1 职业工人肺癌与化学物质暴露的关系

病例对照合计暴露120 80 200

未暴露60 100 160

合计180 180 360

根据上述信息得到的结论中正确的是（）。

A．OR=0.4，该暴露可能为保护因素

B．OR=0.8，该暴露可能为保护因素

C．OR=1.3，该暴露可能为危险因素

D．OR=2.5，该暴露可能为危险因素

E．题中所给条件不足，无法求出OR值

9. 在相关分析中，得到相关系数为0.83，不可能的解释是（）。

A．X与Y有负相关关系B．X与Y有伴随关系

C．X与Y有因果关系D．X与Y的总体相关系数为零

E．X与Y的总体相关系数不等于零

10．在简单线性回归分析中，残差平方和（SS残差）反映的是（）。

A．Y?的变异程度 B. 因变量Y的变异程度

C. 扣除X影响后Y的变异程度

D. 扣除X影响后Y?的变异程度

E. 回归系数b的变异程度

11.下列关于logistic 回归分析的说法中，正确的是（ ）。 A ．资料需要满足LINE 的前提条件

B ．偏回归系数b i 是优势比估计值的自然对数

C ．对于无序多分类变量可以不设置哑变量

D ．回归系数的假设检验可以采用t 检验

E. 基于成组设计获得的数据，可以求解非条件logistic 回归模型

）。

C ．风险函数表示t 时刻存活的个体在下一个单位时间内死亡的概率

D ．生存时间数据包括完全数据和删失数据两类

E. 相对于Breslow 检验，log-rank 检验对两组或多组生存曲线的远期差异较敏感

13. 设致病基因符合加性遗传模型，若基因型DD 与dd 的外显率分别为32%, 2%，则基因型Dd 的外显率为（ ）。

A ．32%

B ．2%

C ．17%

D ．34% E. 8%

14. 一群体的某基因的基因型AA ， Aa ， aa 的频率分别为35%， 20%， 45%，则等位基因A 的频率为为（ ）。

A ．55%

B ．70%

C ．90%

D ．0% E. 45%

15. 下述哪项研究工作中的样本量估算不需考虑标准误的大小？（ ） A. 总体均数的区间估计 B. 总体有效率的区间估计

C. 参考值范围的计算

D. 总体优势比OR 值的区间估计

E. 总体回归系数β的区间估计

16. 广东省荔湾区某医院拟探索中西医结合对乙肝患者的抗病毒治疗新方法，比较新方法（一般西医治疗的基础上加用中草药）相对于传统方法（单纯的一般西医治疗）的有效率，以下说法正确的是（ ）。

A. 两种方法总体有效率A π和B π的差别越大，所需样本量越大

B. 两种方法总体有效率A π和B π的预估值只能通过做预试验获得

C. 纳入两种治疗方法的患者人数必须相等（n 1=n 2）

D. 相对于单侧检验，如用双侧检验进行组间对比，需要的样本量更大（n 双>n 单）

E. 其它条件不变的前提下，样本量增大将导致检验功效降低

17 诊断试验的精确性是指（ ）。

A ．重复多次试验获得相同结果的稳定程度

B ．试验结果中真正疾病状态的概率

C ．受试者的测定值与实际值的符合程度

D ．诊断试验的随机误差

E ．观察者对结果判断的一致程度

18. 某研究者欲采用Meta 分析的方法了解某流感疫苗对预防流感的安全性，通过检索纳入了10篇队列研究，整理成如下表格，请问该研究最宜采用哪个效应指标进行合并（ ）。

表2 10篇队列研究的结果 序号 发生不良事件

未发生不良事件

研究1 注射疫苗组

a 1

b 1 对照组

c 1

d 1 研究2 注射疫苗组

a 2

b 2 对照组

c 2

d 2 … … …

… 研究10 注射疫苗组

a 10

b 10

对照组

c 10

d 10

A. 加权均数差

B. 标准化均数差

C. 风险比值比

D. 优势比

E. 相对危险度

19．两组均数间差异性检验的零假设是总体均数相等，对立假设是总体均数不等，给定一个检验水准α。以下论述中，正确的是（ ）。 A ． 若α

D ． 欲说明两个总体均数相差不多，需要辅以均数差值的区间估计

E ． 等效性检验就是所谓的非劣效检验或非优效检验

20. 为了增加组间的可比性，临床试验要求随机化分组，最好这样实施（ ）。 A ． 对象陆续到来，不带偏见地随意分到两组之一 B ． 按门诊号，单号入A 组，双号入B 组

C ． 利用计算机软件，根据到来者的主要情况随机分配到A 组或B 组

D ． 根据随机数字表排定A 和 B 的序列，根据到来的先后查阅该序列

E ． 利用计算机软件排定A 和 B 的序列，根据到来的先后查阅该序列

21. 为了验证吸烟是否会导致高血压的发生，某课题组对广州市的成年男性进行了大规模的抽样调查，最终收集到了每一位被调查者是否患有高血压的信息和发病前平均每天的吸烟量（不吸烟、<1包、1~2包、>2包）。根据该课题的调查目的和执行方法，拟采用以下哪种统计分析方法？（ ） A. 2χ检验进行组间比较

B. Fisher 确切概率法进行组间比较

C. 秩和检验进行组间比较

D. 趋势2χ检验进行相关性分析

E. 计算Spearman 秩相关系数

22. 关于多重线性回归分析应用的注意事项，以下说法正确的是（ ）。 A ．‘等方差’的前提条件是指，因变量取值不同时，残差的总体变异不变 B ．如果方差膨胀因子VIF 小于 0.1，说明资料存在严重的多重共线性

C ．对一个四分类的无序多分类变量（例如血型）进行哑元化，可以得到三个二分类的哑变量

D ．自变量数目较多而样本量相对不足时，优先选用后退法进行自变量筛选 E. 如果自变量间存在相关性，需要进行交互效应的检验

23. 图1所示的家系中，黑色实心框代表患病，空心框代表正常，M, m 为标记位点的等位基因。设致病位点等位基因为D ，d ， 且遗传模式为完全显性遗传模式:

P (患病|DD )= P (患病|Dd )=1， P (有

图1

A ．DM/dm

B ．Dm/dM

C ．Dm/dm

D ．DM/Dm E. DM/DM

24. 甲课题组的预试验表明两个变量X 与Y 之间的线性相关系数为r =0.70，乙课题组的预试验表明两个变量U 与V 之间的线性相关系数为r =-0.70。根据以下样本量估算公式，

3)11ln(42

2/+????

?

?

???

???

-++=ρρβ

αZ Z n 若正式试验拟验证X 与Y 之间有无线性相关关系及验证U 与V 之间有无线性相关关系，分别

需要的样本量为n 甲和n 乙，两者间的关系为（ ）。

A. n 甲=n 乙

B. n 甲=4×n 乙

C. n 甲=4×n 乙+3

D. n 甲=2×n 乙

E. n 甲

25. 某研究者欲研究动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死并发颅内症状性出血的效果，采用meta

分析方法纳入11篇文章，经分析得到以下森林图。请根据森林图的结果，分析该研究最适宜采用的分析方法是（ ）。

A. 效应指标为RR ，采用随机效应模型，Mantel-Haenszel 法

B. 效应指标为OR ，采用固定效应模型，D-L 法

C. 效应指标为OR ，采用随机效应模型，D-L 法

D. 效应指标为RR ，采用固定效应模型，Peto 法

E. 效应指标为OR ，采用随机效应模型，Fleiss 法

二、是非题（每题2分，共40分）

26. 在实验研究中，所观测到的试验效应与真实值的接近程度称为精确度，即系统误差。

（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

27.从控制混杂的意图上说，随机区组设计可视作配对设计的扩展。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

28.随机区组设计资料的方差分析将总变异分解为3部分，将由区组因素导致的变异分离出来，

使得误差更接近“随机误差”，理论上说，可以提高揭示处理效应的功效。（）A. 正确 B. 错误

29.2×2析因设计资料的方差分析可以分析两研究因素各自的主效应以及二者的交互效应。当交

互效应经假设检验不具有统计学意义时，对数据进行不含交互效应项的方差分析要比用带有交互效应项的方差分析犯一类错误的概率更高。（）A. 正确 B. 错误

30.交叉设计和重复测量设计方差分析的共同之处在于利用了个体内变异参与F统计量的计算。

（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

31.对于2个处理水平和4个观察时点的重复测量设计研究，如果处理与时间的交互效应有统计学

意义，则可以进行4次不同时点两个总体均数的两两比较，如果P值均小于0.05/4，则认为4个时间点两处理组总体均数之差均不相同。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

32.匹配设计的病例对照研究中，用于匹配的因素应包含研究者首要关心的因素。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

33.在特定时点或时期、特定范围内（某一地区或具有某种特征）以全部人群为研究对象进行

的调查，可为疾病提供病因研究的线索，实现因果推断。（）A. 正确 B. 错误

34.两个变量之间的线性相关系数等于0，不能说明二者间没有任何形式的关联关系。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

35.某资料同时满足线性相关分析、线性回归分析的前提条件，则可求出线性相关系数和线性回

归系数。二者的关系是，相关系数越大回归系数也越大。（）A. 正确 B. 错误

36. 如果某个自变量与因变量的线性关系随着另外一个自变量取值的改变而变化，那么这两个

自变量之间存在多重共线性。（）A. 正确 B. 错误

37. 非条件logistic回归模型可以用作影响因素分析、混杂因素校正和疾病发生的预测。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

38. 基因芯片采用归一化处理的目的是校正系统偏倚。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

39. 表型相同，则基因型相同。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

40. 如果由公式估算出的样本量n=50.01，则课题实施时的n至少应该是51。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

41. 样本量被低估所导致的一个直接结果就是I类错误发生的几率增大。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

42. 对同一种疾病的不同诊断方法进行比较时，若将各试验的ROC曲线绘制到同一坐标系中，

则ROC曲线下面积最大的试验其准确性最佳。（）A. 正确 B. 错误

43. 一项筛查试验，其灵敏度为80%，特异度为90%，将其用于患病率为1‰的人群中进行筛查。

该试验的阳性预测值为88.9%。（）A. 正确 B. 错误

44. Meta分析的漏斗图出现明显的不对称，则说明各个独立研究的同质性较差。（）

A. 正确

B. 错误

45. 临床试验前一定要详细记录基线水平，以便自身前后对照；如果治疗后的主要指标有所改

善，就说明治疗有效。（）A. 正确 B. 错误

2011有限元试题

西安交通大学 级研究生课程考试试题 考试（查）科目：有限元方法（II ）时间 年 月 日下午 一、4 ) 4,4(),()5,5(),()2,6(),()2,2(),(4 4332211====y x ， y x ，y x ，　y x 母体单元为22?的正方形，如图所示。 求：（1）单元坐标变换()(ξηξ,,, y y x x == （2）变换的Jacobi 行列式detJ 的解析表达式，并分析该变换是否存在奇异性（8分）。 二、分析以下两种单元的位移场是否具备收敛到真实解所需的各项条件。（30） （1） 13结点矩形平面应力单元 结点参数取为：)13~ 1( ,=i v u i i 位移场为： 3 132 2 123 113 102 92 83726524321xy y x y x y xy y x x y xy x y x u ααααααααααααα++++++++++++= 3 262 2 253 243 232 222 2132021918217161514xy y x y x y xy y x x y xy x y x v ααααααααααααα++++++++++++=（2） 6自由度三角形薄板弯曲单元 结点参数取为： ()3~1=i w i ()6~4=??? ????i n w i 位移场为： 2 652 4321y xy x y x w αααααα+++++= 三、13结点平面应力单元如图所示， 在计算单元刚度矩阵时取图示的9个 积分点。试分析在单元一级是否存在 出现零变形能位移模式的可能性。 ,u x 7 8 10 9 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6

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