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非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词

非谓语动词: 1动词不定式2动名词3分词( 现在分词；过去分词)

概述：

1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词

2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。

非谓语动词使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。

She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.

She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

动词不定式

一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：

1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.

2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.

4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.

5．完成被动式to have been done

例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.

二. 动词不定式的用法

I.作主语

(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。

To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault.

(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.

句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor.

It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.

句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）

It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的）

It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.

It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.

It is very kind of you to give me some help.

It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.

II.作宾语

接不定式做宾语

I want to know this matter.

I don’t expect to meet you here

(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等

They wanted _ ___( get ) on the bus, didn’t they?

He said he wished ______( be ) a professor.

(2)it作形式宾语

I find/feel to work with him interesting ．

?I find/feel it interesting to work with him．

S ubject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it+adj/n + to do sth.

1.We thought _ better __ _ start early.

2.Do you consider _ __ better not _ _ go?

3. I feel _ _ my duty _ _ change all that.

4.We think __ important _ _ obey the law.

5.I know _ impossible _ _ finish so much homework in a day.

(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:

tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover, He taught us how to use the tool.

No one could tell me where to get the book.

I haven't decided whether to go or stay.

下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：

stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做

forget to do 忘记要做forget doing 忘记做过

remember to do 记得要做remember doing 记得做过

regret to do 遗憾要做regret doing 后悔做过

try to do 企图做，尽力做try doing 试着做

go on to do 继续做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味做

1 In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ ______ for another hour.

A waiting

B to waiting

C wait

D to be waiting

2 Boys, don't forget _ ____ the windows before you leave the classroom.

A. closing

B. closed

C. to closing

D. to close

3 She reached the top of the hill and stopped __ _____ on a big rock.

A.to have rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

4 Remember _ ______ the lights when you leave the office.

A.to turn off

B. turning off

C. turn off

D. to turning off

(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不带to的不定式

I have no choice but __to wait_____.（wait）

“前有do,后无to”

I can’t do anything but _go__ (go )out with her.

III.作宾语补足语

1. I’ll get someone _ __ repair the recorder for you.

2. What caused him _ __ change his mind?

advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do

注意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。

如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.

The boy was seen to fall off the tree.

(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.

I often help him （to）clean the room.

I helped him (to) find his things.

He is often heard ______(sing) the song.

Though he often made his deskmate _____(cry), today he was made ____(cry) by his deskmate.

IV．作定语

I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)

1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Do you have anything to wash today?

2) 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容I have no chance to go there.

3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语She is always the last to leave the room.

4) 不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词

1.The house is not big enough for us all___ ____.

A. to live in

B. to be lived in

C. to live

D. for living in

2. Would you please pass me the knife ____ ___?

A. to cut the fruit with

B. to cut the fruit

C. cutting the fruit

D. cutting the fruit with

3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on （写上）

4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with （写）

V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。

I came here to see you．

We were very excited to hear the news．

He hurried to the school to find nobody there.

对比To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.

To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.

To get there in time, he told me to get up early.

不定式的主动形式表示被动意义

I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame. This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry.

动名词

I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.

二.动名词的用法

⑴Smoking does great harm to people’s health.（作主语）

⑵My job is looking after children.（作表语）

⑶I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语）

⑷We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语）

注意：

下列动词后只能用动名词：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.

e.g.

He finished reading the novel in two days.

I am considering going there by bicycle.

I suggested putting off the meeting till next Wednesday.

I am sorry to miss catching the first bus.

下列词组后只能用动名词：be/get used to ,can’t help/stop, can’t stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put off,pay attention to, insist on等等。

e.g.

He has been used to living I the city after so many years have passed.

I don’t like going to see the film now.

①She sat there without _ ____ (speak)

②I look forward to_ ____ (see) him again.

③Are you used to _ ____ (live) there alone?

④When my father heard the news, he couldn't help _ ____ (laugh).

⑤I don’t feel like _ ____ (go) to see the film.

⑥He was busy _ ___ (prepare) his lessons

主动表被动

（1）主语+be(well) worth+doing 某事很值得一做

（2）主语+need/want/require + doing 某事需要被做

=主语+ need/want/require to be done

The TV program is well worth watching.

The bike needs repairing immediately.

=The bike needs to be repaired immediately.

①The room wants _ ____ (clean).

②The method needs _ __ (improve).

③This pair of shoes require __ ___ (mend).

④The problem needs_ (work out).

⑤The question is well worth _ ____ (discuss)

动名词的复合结构

动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语

Nixon’s visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

分词

1、分词的构成

现在分词一般时：表示和谓语动词的动作同时发生。

分词完成时：表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。

过去分词：表示被动的或已完成的动作。

e.g.

Hearing the news, we all jumped with joy.

Having studied in the university for 4 years, he knows the place very well.

Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Gang finally gave up smoking.

He always has his hair cut every three weeks.

（一）分词的作用

现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。

1．作定语

Do you know the boy standing at the gate?

Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？

2．作表语

We are excited at the news.

The news he told us is exciting.

3．作宾语补足语

I heard him singing a song in the classroom.

We found the ground covered with snow.

4．作状语

While lying in bed, he listened to some music.

Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.

分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成

1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.

(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.

2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.(When they heard the bad news)

3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)

4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.

Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)

They came into the classroom,singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing) To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well)

（二）分词的时态

现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。

现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.

现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如：

Having finished his homework, he went to bed.

（三）现在分词的被动式

被动一般式being done 被动完成式having been done

This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.

Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.

（四）分词的否定形式

分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：

Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.

Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help. （五）分词独立主格结构

当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：

Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.

The meeting being over, they all left the room.

Given more time, we could do it better.

The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.

She stood there, book in hand.

Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.

由There being +主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：

There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。

with + 复合宾语结构

（1）with + 名词/ 代词+ 形容词

Don’t speak with your mouth full.

（2）with + 名词/ 代词+ 副词

The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.

（3）with + 名词/ 代词+ 介词短语

He was asleep with his head on his arms.

（4）with + 名词/ 代词+ -ing分词

She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.

With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.

（5）with + 名词/ 代词+ 不定式

With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.

（6）with + 名词/ 代词+ -en分词

With his matter settled, we left the room.

非谓语真题练习

1【全国卷II】⒑Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.

A. hoping

B. to hope

C. hoped

D. having hoped

2【全国卷II】⒖The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy

___ anything that happened to be on.

A. to watch

B. watching

C. watched

D. to have watched

3【安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.

A. locking

B. to lock

C. having locked

D. to have locked

4【安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he

found it very interesting and rewarding.

A. asking

B. asked

C. having asked

D. to be asked

5【重庆】23. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.

A. Having been asked

B. To ask

C. Having asked

D. To be asked

6【重庆】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

A. to be made

B. being made

C. made

D. having been made

7【全国】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .

A. permitting

B. to permit

C. permitted

D. permit

8【全国】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.

A. having compared to

B. comparing to

C. compare to

D. compared to

9【北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.

A. corrects

B. correct

C. to correct

D. correcting

10【北京】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

A. Use

B. Using

C. Used

D. To use

11【北京】31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.

A. Knock

B. Knocking

C. Knocked

D. To knock

12【福建】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________ in the South China Sea.

A. attacking

B. having attacking

C. being attacked

D. having been attacked

13【福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.

A. realizing

B. realized

C. to realize

D. being realized

14【陕西】15. _______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.

A. Standing

B. To stand

C. Stood

D. Stand

15【陕西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _____ an even greater challenge.

A. meets

B. meeting

C. meet

D. to meet

16【山东】26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.

A. to be told

B. telling

C. being told

D. told

17【山东】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____.

A. providing

B. provided

C. having provided

D. provide

18【湖南】21. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.

A. being done

B. do

C. to be done

D. to do

19【湖南】23. Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank.

A. to use

B. used

C. using

D. use

20【湖南】31. The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A. starting

B. being starting

C. to start

D. to be started

21【天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched.

A. left

B. to leave

C. leaving

D. having left

22【江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new students.

A. speaking

B. having spoken

C. to speak

D. to have spoken

23【江西】35. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.

A. offered

B. offering

C. to offer

D. to be offered

24【辽宁】25. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.

A. to follow

B. following

C. followed

D. follows

25【辽宁】29. This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

A. operating

B. to be operating

C. operated

D. to operate

26【四川】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.

A. finding

B. to find

C. being found

D. to have found

27【四川】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

A. to wind

B. wind

C. winding

D. wound

28【四川】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.

A. washed

B. wash

C. washing

D. to wash

29【浙江】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ____ silent.

A. remain

B. be remaining

C. having remained

D. to remain

30【浙江】8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ____ his job.

A. quits

B. to quit

C. quitting

D. quit

31【浙江】11. “It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _____ for customers.

A. to be reserved

B. having reserved

C. reserving

D. reserved

32【江苏】31. ______ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it soon or later.

A. Based

B. Basing

C. Base

D. To base

1-5 AABBA 6-10 AADDC 11-15 ACAAD 16-20 ABCBA 21-25 CCBBD

26-30 BCADD 31-32 DB

Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱

一、【Text】课文

In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of ￡1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV'. He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea. The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.

Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antonette'. It looks as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough. After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.

Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza

丹尼尔?门多萨

一、【Text】课文

Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for Prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.

One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.

Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as &100

for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836. Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词

一、【Text】课文

Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. Yet this is not always the case.

A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.

One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his hands. He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me.' And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire. I must get my glasses.' With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.

非谓语动词全面讲解

非謂语动词（一）一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。句法功能表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译：他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了

非谓语动词讲解(超全)95231

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Would you like to see a film this evening ②当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day. (3)作表语句型：主语+ be + to do sth . 如：My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train. （4）作目的状语 > 如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。 I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。 (5)作宾语补足语 ①不能省略to： ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help. 如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。 My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。

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