全国医学博士统一考试2001
2001
part III vocabulary(15%)
1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____
A.feed
B.maintain
C.absorb
D.consume
2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health.
A.optimistic
B.optional
C.optimal
D.operational
3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b17825434.html,mitted
B.restricted
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b17825434.html,posed
D.sophisticated
4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.
A.contradicts
B.shapes
C.summarizes
D.exchanges
5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idears
A.convey
B.voice
C.challenge
D.conform
6.Y ou are healthy when are ____ your outer and inner environments.
A.in relation to
B.with regard to
C.in contrast with
D.in harmony with
7. Good health is a spirited____ of energy ,smooth skin,strong,supple limbs,and a positive joy in
life.
A.texture
B.mix
C.burst
D.peak
8.The ____of emotional and psychiatric disorders that can prompt person to seek therapy is wide.
A.formula
B.coverage
C.interval
D.spectrum
9.Work is a ____ of satisfaction.
A.measur
B.terminal
C.source
D.resource
10.If you ____ a heart-attack or stroke victim who needs your assistance,your first response
should be to stay calm and urge by standers to call for an ambulance.
A.find out
B.go into
C.pass by
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b17825434.html,e across
11.Today people still don’t make health a(n) ____ because they have no time.
A.privilege
B.issue
C.principle
D.priority
12.Mental exercise can favorably ____ the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one’s bodily proportions.
A.modify
B.adjust
C.develop
D.contrast
13.The distinctions between the different schools and approaches are often very____
A.subtle
B.sufficient
C.superficial
D.superior
14.Despite the limitations of a standard CT,it does a ____ job of picture the internal anatomy of the body.
A.supreme
B.superb
C.sufficient
D.superfluous
15.The city government is getting its residents to properly ____ their garbage.
A.break up
B.dispose of
C.check out
D.hand out
Part B同意替换
16. The recent deterioration in the economy is of great concern to the government.
A.depression
B.deficiency
C.degeneration
D.deformity
17.A substantial hike in the top rate of income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation’s already waning support.
A.depreciating
B.warning
C.declining
D.startlingl
18.He was not conspicuously hairy nor shiny-bald,but his hair was graying and receding tactfully in keeping with his age.
A.prominently
B.warily
C.consciously
D.conventionally
19.The water company is obliged to maintain a supply of wholesome water
A.available
B.hydraulic
C.balanced
D.hygienic
20.Smoking makes one six times more likely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly assaults the tissues that line the mouth and throat.
A.detects
B.contaminates
C.occupies
D.attacks
21.Most organisms must fit in with their surroundings because their skills to alter their environment are restricted and highly specialized.
A.attach themselves to
B.succumb to
C.lean on
D.adapt themselves to
22.Instead of being recycled,garbage is left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spread infectious diseases.
A.innocuous
B.gathering
C.filthy
D.inflammable.
23.The prevalence of highly intelligent devices has elininated the handicaps associated with most disabilities
A.disadvantages
B.dispositions
C.disappointment
D.discomforts
24.In general,lasers operate by creating an intense amount of light and energy which is then converted into heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue.
A.developed
B.reduced
C.transformed
D.decoded
25.Shyness,the most common form of social anxiety,occurs when a person’s apprehensions are so great that they inhibit his making an expected or desired social response.
A.discharge
B.trigger
C.restrain
D.defer vi
26.The secret to turning a daily stroll into a meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace.
A.dilate
B.multiply
C.accelerate
D.enlarge
27.How many people know that the term”arthritis” may refer to dozens of defferent types of joint involvement?
A.disorder
B.knuckle
C.dislocation
D.therapy
28.Amokers are more prone to osteoporosis,a major cause of fractures in old people, particularly post-menopause women.
A.reliable
B.liable
C.reasonable
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b17825434.html,patible
29.The project was hampered by a constant stream of visitors.
A.held up
B.cut off
C.carried out
D.given up
30.During the summe r session there will be a revised schedule of services for the university community.
A.term
B.climate
C.heat
D.portion
Part IV cloze (15%)
Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds,while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud.Only during the nineteenth century 31 silent reading become commonplace.
One should be 32,however,of assuming that silent reading came about 33 because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual 34of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century 35 a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers,As
readers increased,so the number of potential listeners declined and 36 there was some reduction in the need to read aloud.As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common,37 came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries,railway carriages ans offices,38reading aloud would cause distraction to other reders.
Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and 39whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in 40 way mentally weakening.Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However,41its virtues,the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership42. By the end of the century students were being recommended to 43 attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate,44not impossible ,for the oral reader.The social,cultural,and technological changes in the century had greatly altered 45 the term“reading”implied.
31.A. would B.should C.did D.could
32.A.wary B.aware C.sick D.thought
33.A.correctly B.somply C.amply D.directly
34.A.mode B.model C.mould D.mood
35.A.saw B.watched C.experienced D.concluded
36.A.ever B.thus C.even D.for
37 .A. however B. as C. so D.since
38.A.which B.whose C.where D.there
39.A.of B.in C.against D.over
40.A.no B. any C.one D.some
41.A. whever B.whoever C.whatever D.whichever
42.A.on the other B.in the secind place C.on the contrary D.in hand
43.A.adapt B.adopt C.consume D.condemn
44.A.whether B.though C.if D.unless
45.A.that B.what C.how D.why
Part V
passage one
During the past 30 years or so,health care has increasing become a form of business.In addition , the environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the advent of more sophisticated medical technologies and increased specialization.It is no longer true to say that all doctors regard their profession as a sacred calling,and while the doctor-patient relationship still remains,it is not the relationship based solely on trust which it used to be. Of course there are many doctors who have endevored to increase the transparency of their behavior as medical professionals,and patients can receive effective treatment when such doctors work closely together and share notes.
An example of such cooperation can be found in the field of remote health care,which has been introduced on an experimental basis in several regions. Since most medical specialists live in cities,patients who live in the country have to travel a long distance to consult a specialist.This is especially hard on the elderly, both financially and physically. Through a computer network,patients who live in the country can consult a medical specialist in the city,tell him their symptoms,and receive advice without the need for a journey to the specialist’s office. Also,with
several doctors being assigned to a single patient,the transparency of each doctor’s behavior is further ensured.
On the other hand,however,it is also true that remote health consultation is not generally regarded as a form of medical treatment.For any sort of consultation to be regarded as medical treatment,most people feel that the patient must actually visit the doctor,and undergo an examination by the doctor in person.Remote health care is essentially a means for doctors to work as a team.In order for this to be practicable,it is important to establish a system wherebyfinancial support can be extended to a doctor who,as a member of a medical team,provides only information. Establishment of such a system will further advance the cause of “free accessto information” in the health care field.
46.Where is the best title for the passage?
A.Doctors:Patients’ Reliable Friends
B.Health Care in a Dilema
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b17825434.html,rmation Technology Applied to Medical Services
D.Doctors-patient Relationship
47.As a result of the altered environment surrounding health care,medical practice____
A.has experienced great changes
B.has changed its nature
C.has abolished the doctor-patient relationship
D.has lost its trust on the part of doctors and patients
48.When they work closely together and share notes, doctors can ____
A.work in a remote area
B.transparentize their behavior
C.set up a relationship with patients
D.treat financially and physically disadvantaged patients
49.The writer urges that ____
A.remote health care be implemented
B.doctors be sent to the country
C.people turn down trational medical treatment
D.a system offering doctor’s financial aid be set up
50.It can be concluded that ____
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b17825434.html,rmation will play an important part in the field of medical treatment
B.medical professionals will be more specialized
C.the difference between cities and the country will never be eliminated
D.it is impossible for patients to be treated without seeing doctors themselves
passage 2
For months Gins Cruz,a Manila grandmother,played Pepsi Cola’s “Numbers Fever” promotion lottery,buying several bottoles a day and saving the caps ,in the hope that one of the numbers imprinted inside them would win her a 1 million peso (＄40,000) prize.When the magic number,349,was announced in May 1992,Cruz was overjoyedto find she has not one,but two caps bearing the winning digits.She promptly fainted.“My blood pressure shot up,”she explained later,“probably from drinking too much Pepsi.”Then she learned that her son also had a 349 cap---and she nearly collapsed again.
Cruz’s indignation after discovering the next day that she was not,after all,a double millionaire,
is shared by thousands of contests who feel equally cheated. Instead of marking out 18 winning numbers,on which Pepsi had planned,a computer had wrontgly generated 800,000.The cmpany explained that it simply did not have the＄32 billion it would take to pay all claimants.The real winners,it said,would be identified by a security codes that had been placed on caps;the losers were offered apologies.
When Pepsi’s explanation was not accepted ,a promotion that initially boosted the company’s market share by 5% turned into a mightmare.The winners felt like losers of a second,surprise lottery:the security code had been publicized as an authentication tool,not as a necessary second winning number.Feeling hoodwinked,the players have banded together in protest groups,fanning anti-Pepsi flames at frequent demonstrations and marches. More than 22,000 people holding the 349 number have filed 689 civil suits seeking damages,as well as 5,200 criminal complaints alleging fraud and deception.Some Pepsi employees have received death threats and now change their daily routines to avoid being attacked.Explosives have been thrown at Pepsi plants and offices,and 37 of the companby’s delivery trucks have been stoned,overturned or set on fire.In the worst incident,a school-teacher and a five-year-old girl were killed last February when a grenade pitched at a Pepsi truck bounced off and exploded in front of a store.
51.The lottery winners expected to ____
A.gain ＄400.000
B.earn 800,000 peso
C.win a substantial prize
D.become double millionaires
52.The lottery turned into a nightmare when ____
A.the number of winners was miscalculated by a computer
B.the winners discovered that they had the wrong number
C.the company chganged the winning number to avoid cheating
D.the company failed to pay che winners the prize the deserved
53.What did the angry winners do when they felt they were cheated by Pepsi?
A. they resorted to law for help
B.they attacked Pepsi employers
C.they robbed Pepsi vegicles and stores
D.they killed the customers of Pepsi Cola
54.It can be inferred from the passage that Pepsi lost ____ in the pomotion lottery.
A.5% of its annual profits
B.its market verseas
C.its good reputation at home
D.the trust of some of its customers
passage 3
Y oung discoverers need not despair---though there are few blanks left on today’s map of the world,there are still unexplored realms to be charted in the depths of the oceans,the most remote recesses of the rain forests and the furthest reaches of outer space.Some scientists speculate there may be 10 million species---perhaps even 100 million----living on the ocean floor that are yet to be discovered.Recent research suggests that all told some 90% of the world’s plants and animals still remain to be described and named (that is ,if their habits are not destroyed before they are even found).Given these remarkable statistics,it’s clear that the physical world still offers intrepid
explorers new frontiers of discovery.
In this section on recent discovers of the world around us,TIME travels 500m beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean with Bruce Robison as he encounters a new species of luminous “jelly,”we make our way deep into the worls’s tropical rain forests,where more than half of all life-forms on the planet live;we look into outer space to examine the role asteroids may have played in mass extinctions of the past and the potential threat they pose to our own civilization;and we ask whether there is life ---intelligent of otherwise ---elsewhere in the universe.
John Hemming,former director of London’s royal Geographical Society,arguably the world’s epicenter of exploration,defines an explorer as someone “who goes to the edge of knowledge and brings back something new.” The people profiled in this section fit that description perfectly. The discoveries they have brought back from their explorations form new pieces in the puzzle of how the world works.As the pieces fit together,we get a glimpse of what a strange and beautiful mosaic it is.
55.What is implied in Paragraph 1 of this passage?
A.Each new discovery offers young explorers new hope
B.All plants and animals must be found before their habitats are destroyed
C.Scientists have found more than 100 million species on the earth
D.These is still much for young discoverers to explore in the world
56.The word “intrepid” in Paragraph 1 most likely means ____
A.marine
B.professional
C.couageous
D.experienced
57.What new disvovery is probably presented in the section that follows this passage?
A.A rare species of plant in the rain forests
B.a primitive form of life on a remote planet
C.a technique of developing steroids
D.A laboratory approach f cultivating marine lives
58.The last paragraph tell us____
A.what an explorer does
B.why exploration are carried out
C.how scientists study the universe
D.the effects of scientific discoveries on man
passage 4
“Back in the Victorian era,seven out of ten ulcer sufferers were women. By the 1950s ,the trend had reversed,nine of ten were men.Now,the trend is shifting back,ulcer cases are only four times as frequent among men.This may be a consequence of the changing roles of women in the labor market, ”writes Philip Goldberg in Executive Health.
Ulcer have long been linked to stress and particular kind of frustration that stems from dissatisfaction with one’s work performance or one’s life.Digestive enzymes gnaw awayat the stomach lining,causing painful sores,or ulcers,which are found mainly in the lining of the stomach or the small intestine.The acids which cause ulcers are triggered by the vagus nerve,which is linked to the brain,Under stress,the brain may stimulate the release of a hormone called gastrin, which ,in turn,stimulatesthe acid secretions.“Although there is no clear-cut ulcer personality,there
is no doubt that emotional tension ,acting through the vagus nerve,can precipitate an ulcer.A person who is under constant strain ,who is anxious,worried,frustrated---regardless of his or her station in life or apparent demeanor---is more apt to develop an ulcer, ”writes Jane Broky in her guide to personal health,adding,“Seemingly calm,relaxed people are as prone to ulcers as the hard-driving,high-pressure kind.Ulcers occur as often in bus drivers,farmers,and construction workers as in business executives and writers with deadlines.It is not the existence of stress,but how a person reacts to stress,that seems to make the difference.”
Some women appear to “inherit” ulcers but they also can be caused by aspirin, alcohol, coffee, and cigarette smoking(which may account for the increase of ulcers among women,since smoking among women is on the rise.)It is important to see a physician if an ulcer is suspected,since ulcers can eat through the stomach lining into other organs and occasionally be fatal.Doctors will usually recommend a number of treatments,including emotional counseling and diet changes.Stress-reducing techniques also have been successful in treating ulcers.
59.With a quotation from Goldberg,the author is trying ____
A.to clarify how ulcers afflict men and women
B.to warn us of the dangers of ulcers in women
C.to explain why ulcer cases have increased again in women
D.to tell us that women have traditionally been more prone to ulcers
60.When you are under stress,you will____
A.be dissatisfied with your work performance
B.find a painful sore in the lining of your stomach
C.have your secretion of digestive enzyme stimulated
D.get your digestive enzymes to release gastrin
61.According to Broky,your proneness to ulcers lies in____
A.your stress
B.your occupation
C.your social position
D.your reaction to stress
62.It can be inferred from the passage that____
A.ulcers are preventable
B.early ulcers are hard to detect
C.nobody is born with a susceptiable to ulcers
D.an ulcer is suspected in any smoking woman
passage 5
In a seeming contradiction,the growth of cumputer-augmented work will probably create a need for less-skilled workers rather than the reverse.While early computers required much knowledge and skill to operate,comprehensive software packages have virtually eliminated the requirement for technical knowledge.
Indeed,advanced software may lead to a decreased need for certain job-related skills.For example,word processing has reduced the need for secretarial typing accuracy, since mistakes can be corrected quickly and easily with no trace of correction.Spell-checking programs can be relied on to prevent common mistakes,thus decreasing the need for that language skill.We have already encountereed cashiers who have no need to compute a customer’s change. Instead, they merely enter the purchase amount and the the amount offered in payment.The machine calculates the
change and ,in some cases,automatically dispenses it.
This effect is seen in more complex jobs,too.Nurses in intensive-care units often monitor several patients from a central station.Digital readouts continuously report patients’vital signs.Alarms sound if values exceed an expected range.Despite the obvious advantages computerization has brought to both patient and staff,some health-care professionals are concerned that they may be losing important“soft”skills.The most important of these may be the intuition born of experience acquired in personally observing hundreds or thousands of patients.The look in a patient’s eyes,the coloring of skin,and the appearance of pain or restlessness are among many indicators used by medical personnel to anticipate changes in patient condition.These cannot be captured on a digital display.
It cannot be denied that computers have made great contributions to productivity,nor would any reasonable person encouage scrapping the technology.However,we must pay more attention to human needs,and to the long-range effects of making jobs less interesting and decreasing skill requirements.
63.In the first paragraph,the author is talking about____
A.the wide use of computers
B.the contradictory issue of computers
C.the effects of computer-augmented work
D.the technical skills to operate computers
64.As the author illustrates ,the secretary and cashier____
A.become slaves to computers
B.enjoy doing computer-assisted work
C.do not have to be smart and efficient at work
D.do not need to master as many job-related skills as they used to
65.As a result of the decreased need for job-related skills in the hospital ,we may ____
A.change the nature of medicine
B.lose many health-care professionals
C.believe not in patients but in computers
D.lose the intuition derived from experience
66.It can be concluded that from the passage that the computers’ contributions to productivity are undeniable,____
A.and more contributions are expected
B.so is the human dependence on them
C.but their consequence effects are worth considering
D.but we can abandon them for the sake of human needs
passage 6
I was invited to present a lecture to a class of graduate nurse who were studying the “Psychosocial Aspects of Aging.”I started my lecture with the following case presentation:The patient is a white female who appears her reported age.She neither speaks nor comprehends the spoken word.Sometimes she babbles incoherently for hours on end.She disoriented about person,place,and time.She does,however,seem to recognize her own name.I have woked with her for the past 6 months,but she still does not recognize me.
She shows complete disregard for her physical appearance and makes no effort whatsoever to
assist in her own care. She must be fed,bathed,and clothed by others.Because she is edentulous,her food must be pureed,and because she is incontinent of both urine and stool,she must be changed and bathed often.Her shirt is generally soiled from almost incessant drooling .She does not walk.Her sleep pattern is erratic .Often she awakens in the middle of the night,and her screaming awakens others.
Most of the time she is friendly and happy.However,several times a day she gets quite agitated without apparent cause.Then she screams loudly until someone comes to comfort her. After the case presentation,I asked the nurses how they would feel about taking care of a patient such as the one described.They used words such as “frustrated,”“hopeless,”“depressed,”and “annoyed”to described how they would feel.
When I stated that I enjoyed taking care of her and that I thought they would too,the class looked at me in disbelief.I then passed around a picture of the patient:my 6-month-old daughter.
After the laughter had subsided,I asked why it was so much more difficuylt to care for a 90-year-old than 6-month-old with identical symptoms.We all agreed that it is physically easier to take care of a helpless baby weighing 15 pounds than a helpless adult weighing 100,but the answer seemed to go deeper than that.
The infant,we all agreed,represents new life,hope,and almost infinite potential.The dementedsenior citizen,on the other hand,represents the end life,with little potential for growth. We need to change our perspective.The aged patient is just as lovable as the child.Those who are ending their lives in the helplessness of old age deserve the same care and attention as those who are beginning their lives in the helplessness of infancy.
67.The author’s case presentation implies that ____
A.the patient is hopeless
B.the patient is friendly and happy
C.che physical problems of elders can be treated
D.the audience would care for the elders like the patient
68.To the author,the nurses’s response to her detailed description are probably ____
A.expected
B.unexpected
C.disregarded
D.criticized
69.The suthor passed around a picture of her daughter____
A.to learn how to enjoy taking care of a baby
B.to learn how to be a good parent
C.to discuss infantile symptoms
D.to further the topic
70.According to the author,the aged patient should be taken care of ____
A.if she is lovable
B.to change his /her perspective
C.to expand his/her potential for growth
D.as a baby deserving of care
passage 7
Some problems can be readily identified simply by looking around.These problems concern the pollution of our environment by technology as a result of sudden upsets in the physic al,economic
and social balance.The most obvious of these are the general pollution of our physical environment and the destruction of irreplaceable natural resources.Not so obvious as these ,but juat as painfully significant to some,are the disappearing and changing of jobs which overnight often create large groups of jobless citizens.
Can technology be used to undo what it has done,replace what it has destroyed or substitute for what it has caused to disappear?No one knows.Many wonder whether or not all of the sources of pollution have yet been identified,whether or not they are being arrested and whether or not they will be prevented from recurring.
Another set of problems relates to what technological advancement has done to the quality of life.An improved social life has not been unfortunately,either the goal or the chief beneficiary of technological change.Rather,any improvements that have occurred have been more accidental than intended.Too much has happened too fast.The changes demanded of marriage and family relationships remain largly unexamined.It is often a matter of“put up or shut up”,and a person has to adapt his life-slyle to ever-changing conditions with little time for choice.The “no-move-no-advancement”type is an example of one such problem.Many people are coming to think that the reward is simply not worthy the struggle,and they are taking jobs with less responsibility and lower pay.
71.In the first paragraph the author is mainly talking about____
A.environment protection
B.environment and technology
C.technology producing obvious and insidious problems
D.the advantages and disadvantages of technology
72.According to the passage,no one knows whether or not technologh____
A.will solve the problems it has created
B.will continue to produce conveniences
C.will stop advancing
D.will undo itself
73.The author would say that technological advancement____
A.has done nothing to the quality of life
B.has improved the quality of life
C.has harmed the quality of life
D.has redefined the quality of life
74.What do you learn from the “put up or shut up”____
A.technology has put a great deal of stress on people’s lives
B.People can’t live with the stress caused by technology
C.people are quite active in dealing with the stress caused by technology
D.people are quite passive in dealing with the stress caused by technology
75．It can be concluded from the third paragraph that technological advancement has resulted in quick living pace which____
A.is harmful to society
B.is socially rewarding
C.leads to further improvement
D.characterizes modern society
2014年全国 初中数学联赛(含答案)
2014年全国初中数学联赛(初三组)初赛试卷班级：: 姓名：成绩： 题号一二三四五合计 得分 评卷人 复核人 考生注意： 1、本试卷共五道大题，全卷满分140分； 2、不能使用计算器。 一、选择题（本题满分42分，每小题7分） 1、某件商品的标价为13200元，若以8折降价出售，仍可获利10%（相对于进货价），则该商品的进货价是（） A、9504元 B、9600元 C、9900元 D、10000元 2、如图，在凸四边形ABCD中，BD ABC，则ADC BC ∠80 ∠等于（） = AB= =，? A、? 160 140D、?80B、? 100C、? 1
2 第2题图 D A C B 第4题图 D A C B 3、如果方程()()0422=+--m x x x 的三根可以作为一个三角形的三边之长，那么，实数m 的取值范围是（ ） A 、04m <≤ B 、3≥m C 、4≥m D 、34m <≤ 4、如图，梯形ABCD 中，CD AB //，?=∠60BAD ，?=∠30ABC ，6=AB 且CD AD =，那么 BD 的长度是（ ） A 、7 B 、4 C 、72 D 、24 5、如果20140a -<<，那么|2014||2014|||+-+++-a x x a x 的最小值是（ ） A 、2014 B 、2014+a C 、4028 D 、4028+a 6、方程()y x y xy x +=++322的整数解有（ ） A 、3组 B 、4组 C 、5组 D 、6组 二、填空题（本大题满分28分，每小题7分） D F E O A C B
3 1、如图，扇形AOB 的圆心角?=∠90AOB ，半径为5，正方形CDEF 内接于该扇形，则正方形CDEF 的边长为 ． 2、已知四个自然数两两的和依次从小到大的次序是：23，28，33，39，x ，y ，则____=+y x ． 3、已知6=-y x ，922=-+-y xy xy x ，则22y xy xy x ---的值是 ． 4、有质地均匀的正方体形的红白骰子各一粒，每个骰子的六个面分别写有1、2、3、4、 5、6的自然数，随机掷红、白两粒骰子各一次，红色骰子掷出向上面的点数比白色骰子掷出向上面的点数小的概率是 ． 三、（本大题满分20分） 已知0422=-+a a ，2=-b a ，求 b a 2 11++的值。
2014年中国医学院校排名前50一览表
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理学。1995年，她获得神经生理学博士学位。她是爱丁堡大学的博士后研究员，随后在英国伦敦大学学院做访问学者，然后在1996年到位于特隆赫姆的挪威大学科学与技术学院工作。2000年，梅-布里特.莫泽被任命为神经科学教授，目前是特隆赫姆神经计算中心的主任。 爱德华.莫泽(Edvard I. Moser) 1962年出生于挪威奥勒松，挪威国籍。1995年，他在奥斯陆大学获得神经生理学博士学位。他与他的妻子、共同获奖者梅-布里特.莫泽(May-Britt Moser)一起读博士后，起初是在爱丁堡大学，后来在伦敦约翰.奥基夫(John O’Keefe)的实验室中做一名访问学者。1996年，他们回到挪威大学科学与技术学院，1998年他升为教授。他目前是特隆赫姆系统神经科学科维理研究所(the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience)的主任。 关于诺贝尔奖 诺贝尔奖是以瑞典着名的化学家、硝化甘油炸药的发明人阿尔弗雷德·贝恩哈德·诺贝尔的部分遗产（3100万瑞典克朗）作为基金创立的。诺贝尔奖分设物理、化学、生理或医学、文学、和平五个奖
2014年全国初中数学联赛决赛(初二)试题及答案解析
2014年全国初中数学联合竞赛初二年级试题参考答案 说明：第一试，选择题和填空题只设7分和0分两档；第二试各题，请按照本评分标准 规定的评分档次给分.如果考生的解答方法和本解答不同，在评卷时请参照本评分标准划分 的档次，给予相应的分数. 第一试 一、选择题：（本题满分42分，每小题7分） 1．若0x >，0y >=的值为（ B ） A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 2．已知△ABC 中，2AB AC ==，点D 在BC 边的延长线上，4AD =，则错误! 未找到引用源。＝（ D ） A ．16 B ．15 C ．13 D ．12 3．已知,x y 为整数，且满足22441111211()()()3x y x y x y + +=--，错误!未找到引用源。则x y +的可能的值有 （ C ） A. 1个 B. 2个 C. 3个 D. 4个 4．用1g 、3g 、6g 、30g 的砝码各一个，在一架没有刻度的天平上称量重物，如果天平 两端均可放置砝码，那么，可以称出的不同克数的重物的种数为 （ C ） A ．21 B ．20 C ．31 D ．30 5．已知实数,,x y z 满足1()2 x y z =++，则xyz 的值为 （ A ） A ．6 B ．4 C ．3 D ．不确定 6．已知△ABC 的三边长分别为2，3，4，M 为三角形内一点，过点M 作三边的平行 线，交各边于D 、E 、F 、G 、P 、Q （如图），如果DE FG PQ x ===，则x ＝ （ D ） A ．1813 B ．2013 C ．2213 D ．2413 二、填空题：（本题满分28分，每小题7分） 1．如果关于x 的方程|3||2||1|x x x a -+---=恰好只有一个解，则实数a ＝ 1-． 2．使得不等式981715 n n k <<+错误!未找到引用源。对唯一的整数k 成立的最大正整数n 为 144 ． 3．已知P 为等腰△ABC 内一点，AB BC =，108BPC ∠=?，D 为AC 的中点，BD
最新2014年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷
2014MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要 更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends. D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.
医学博士英语作文模板
一般来说博士的英语作文一般都是给阐述或陈述问题的文章写摘要，如“吃早餐有利于身体健康”、“吸烟有害健康”、“中国大学生越来越能接受心理咨询”、或“医疗体制的现状”等等这样文章，可使用以下的模版： 陈述问题型文章，分三种类型： 一、正面陈述问题 “吃早餐有利于身体健康”就是只从正面陈述问题； 二、负面陈述问题 如“吸烟有害健康”这样的文章，就是一般只说明吸烟是有害的，只说负面影响。 三、客观的陈述问题（正负面都有的） 如“医疗体制的现状”等问题，因为这样的文章有好也有坏的方面，也就是有正面也有负面的问题。又如04年的博士论文，就是对医院问题的陈述，文章分别从洋医院、民营医院和公立医院几个方面来阐述，分别说明这几种医院各自的优点和缺点，所以这样的文章就是典型的客观陈述事实的文章。 首先看看是什么样的文章，再确定用什么模版来套用。（各个类型我都做一套模版） 但是不管是哪个类型的文章都不外乎这几个步骤，切记，不要觉得无所谓啊！！！！ 一般这个题目可以和中文标题的翻译一样，应该是陈述性的词组，用“of”、“and”或“N 词组加介词短语” (1) 如文章是陈述的一个事情或问题，那就用什么的什么（sth1of sth2） 如中国医疗体系的现状：The State of Arts of Chinese Medical Care System 或医疗制度的改革：Reform of Chinese Medical Care System (2) 讲到一个负面的问题，一般都是和健康有关系的，就可以说sth1and Health 如吸烟和健康，早餐和健康等等 （3）如果本文只讲到了一件事情，那么可以用介词短语 如A Blind Zone in Child-nutrition, (小孩营养问题的盲区) 等等 注意：1、第一个词和所有的实词大写，介词和冠词（The, a an）等虚词小写 2、最好要是陈述性的词组，除非原文的标题本来是疑问句 既然是写文章的总结（summary），那么首先需要浏览全文，我感觉这些文章都已经把条理给整理清楚了，那么基本可以确定大概的几条，在试卷上把重要的部分用笔划出来；还可以把序号打上，说明一共有几点。注意：1、不用划记细节描写的语句，而用文章中陈述性的语句。一般来说主题句都是陈述性的语句。如讲到公费医疗体系的问题，你不要去划记那些中国的公立医院有多少，增长了多少的句子，而应该着重看陈述性的主题句是怎么说的，如果说有了大幅度的增长你就要知道这句话是最重要的句子。(切记：除非本文就是讲数据，而且目的在于测试考生们数据增长、减少等句型的话，那么就要用数据说明问题了) 这个问题是最重要的，也就是文章讲了什么 文章的框架： 文章字数是200，那么大约是11-13句左右的样子。
全国医学博士英语统考词组总表.doc
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(整理)年医学考博试题.
2014年协和医学院考博病理生理部分回忆考题 名词解释3*10 氧自由基、应激、SIRS、心肌顿抑、高输出量心力衰竭、充血性心力衰竭、填空题2*10 1.剧烈呕吐引起酸碱失衡是什么，发生原因、、、。 2.新生儿黄疸机制、。 3.休克的分类、、。 判断题1*10 论述题5*10 1. 左心衰引起呼吸困难的形式及发生机制。 2. 心力衰竭时细胞传导机制。 3.剧烈运动时氧解离曲线的改变及其机制； 4. 呼吸性酸中毒的定义、病因及其为什么更容易引起中枢性紊乱。 5. 休克的治疗原则及其病理生理基础。 泌尿外科--协和2014考博完整回忆版 总分150分 名词解释5个15分 单选题20个30分 多选题5个10分 填空题8题20空20分 简答题5题75分 一、名词解释 1、尿频 2、血尿 3、PCNL 4、Cushing syndrome 5、肾自截 二、单选题 1、骑跨伤尿道损伤最常见的部位 2、阴囊尿外渗的尿道损伤部位 3、原醛症的特点 4、精原细胞瘤的术后辅助治疗 5、CKF的病因 6、输尿管囊肿的特点
7、AKF原因中最常见的外伤：挤压伤？ 8、BPH最早出现的症状 9、输尿管损伤特点 10、肾积水病例，IVU不显影，下一步检查首选？ 11、睾丸肿瘤淋巴转移的途径 12、肾癌分期，大于10cm，局限于肾 13、尿路结石最常见 14、病例：泌尿系感染，普通抗炎无效，影像学肾实质斑片样改变，诊断？ 15、ESWL禁忌症 16、BPH，急性尿潴留，残余尿300ml，Cr 530，处理？ 17、嗜铬细胞瘤表现 18、结石好发部位 19、ESWL最短间隔 20、放疗效果最好的泌尿生殖系肿瘤 三、多选题 1、泌尿系肿瘤容易发生骨转移的是？ 2、肾癌的副肿瘤综合症，精索静脉曲张？ 3、肾损伤，但无血尿，需考虑？ 4、男性生殖系统结核好发于？ 5、肾下垂可合并？ 四、填空题 1、下尿路梗阻在老年人常见--，男童常见— 2、--结石X不显影，--结石常为遗传性疾病 3、阴茎肿瘤淋巴转移多见于— 4、肾积水成年人大于—ml，儿童大于—ml，称为巨大肾积水 5、肾蒂肾盂动静脉的前后排列--，--，--。 6、BPH的病理改变包括--，--，--的增生 7、膀胱癌淋巴结早期转移多见于 8、膀胱癌根治性切除T—N0-xM0，其他指证还包括--，--，--，--。 五、论述题 1、肾囊肿的诊断和鉴别诊断 2、肾上腺肿瘤分类 3、肾癌根治术及进展 4、前列腺癌的TNM分期 5、肾结石的研究进展
全国医学博士英语统一考试2006
2006 31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account. A.cancelled B.endorsed C.cashed cash a check以支票兑换现款 D.endowed捐赠, 赋予He is endowed with genius他赋有天才。 32.She claimed that she was denied admission to the school ___ her race A.. by virtue of .依靠, 由于 B.in accordance with C.with respect to D.on account of 33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting. A..standing up坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b17825434.html,ing up流行, 发生, 被提出,上升,讨论,出现 C.sitting in参加 D.filling in 34The witness was.___ by the judge for failing to answer the question A. sentenced B.threatened C.admonished告诫,劝告,警告,提醒,要求, 催 D.jailed监禁 35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private they are very worried. publicly adv.公然地, 舆论上 A..put off 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b17825434.html,ugh off v.用笑摆脱 C.pay off v. 报复, 赢利 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b17825434.html,y offv.解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出 36.It is sheer ___ to be home again and be able to relax. A.prestigen.声望, 威望, 威信 B.paradise 天堂 C.pride D.privacy 秘密, 私事In such matters, privacy is impossible.在这类事情中, 保密是不可能的。We must respect other's -cies我们不该打听他人的私事 37.During rush hour.Downtown streets are ___ with commuters. commuter n.通勤者, 经常往返者 A.scattered B.condensed(使) 浓缩, 精简 C.clogged堵［阻］塞（up）塞［堵，阻］满（with） D.dotted 38.Someone who is in ___ confinement监禁,拘留 is kept alone in a room in prison.
2013年全国初中数学联赛试题及详解
2013年全国初中数学联合竞赛试题及详解 第一试 一、选择题（本题满分42分，每小题7分） 1.计算=（ ） （A 1 （B ）1 （C （D ）2 【答案】（B ） 【解析】原式=1)3)1-=-=，故选（B ）. 2.满足等式()2221m m m ---=的所有实数m 的和为（ ） （A ）3 （B ）4 （C ）5 （D ）6 【答案】（A ） 【解析】分三种情况进行讨论： （1）若21m -=，即1m =时，满足已知等式； （2）若21m -=-，即3m =时，()2242(1)1m m m ---=-=满足已知等式； （3）若21m -≠±，即1m ≠且3m ≠时，由已知，得22020 m m m -≠??--=?解得，1m =- 故满足等式()2221m m m ---=的所有实数m 的和13(1=3++-），故选（A ）. 3.已知AB 是圆O 的直径，C 为圆O 上一点，15CAB ∠= ，ABC ∠的平分线交圆O 于 点D ，若CD =，则AB =（ ） （A ）2 （B （C ） （D ）3 【答案】（A ） 【解析】连接OC ,过点O 作ON CD ⊥于点N ，则 CN DN ==,OC OA =,从而15OCA CAB ∠=∠= ,由AB 是圆O 的直径，得90ACB ∠= ,因CD 平分ACB ∠,故45ACD ∠= ,30OCN ACD OCA ∠=∠-∠= , 在Rt ONC ?中，∵cos CN OCN OC ∠= =,1OC =∴,∴22AB OC ==,故选（A ）. 4.不定方程23725170x xy x y +---=的全部正整数解(,)x y 的组数为（ ） （A ）1 （B ）2 （C ）3 （D ）4 【答案】（B ）
2010年全国医学博士统一考试英语听力录音文本
Transcript of Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear: Woman: I feel faint.
Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day. Question: What's the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let's begin with question Number 1. I. M: You said that you wanted to go shopping this evening. What do you want to get? W: I think I Want to get my mom a new purse for her birthday.' Q: What does the woman mean? 2. W: My ears are always ringing. Day and night I can't sleep. M: Which is your bad ear? W: My right ear hurts. Q: Why does the woman have trouble sleeping? 3. M: My tooth is bothering me. When can I see Dr. White? W: How about tomorrow? Is 10:30 OK? M: Isn't there anything earlier?. W: No. but I will call you if there is a cancellation before then. Q: What does the man mean? 4. W: Are we going to be late? M: We will be unless we hurry. W: When does the show start? M: At 8:30. We've got 15 minutes to get there. Q: What time is it now? 5. M: I can't find the instant soup. W: Did you look next to the canned soup? M: I looked there. But there isn't anything on the shelf. W: Why don't you try the spice section? It ought to be there. Q: Where does the conversation probably take place? 6. M: I've a headache. I am resigning from the job of chairman right now. I can't stand it another day. W: Do you really mean that you want to quit? M: Well, maybe, I'll give it a second thought. Q: What is the man going to do? 7. W: Did you do anything over the weekend? M: Not much. What did you do? W: I had planned to go skiing. But I wound up working in the ER. Q: What did the woman do over the weekend? 8. W: We understand that you are not attending school. M: I've been attending, but, I've been sick recently. W: You've attended only three days since last July. M: Three days? No. it's been mom than that. W: We are going to have to take away your visa. Q: What is the woman?