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2017年高考英语语法：强调句型和定语从句的区别

2017年高考英语语法：强调句型和定

语从句的区别

“Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?”“It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. when

很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。

假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。

其实，此题的答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为

定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。

定语从句与强调句句式结构用法比较：

由it引导的句型结构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，两者极易混淆。一般来说，如果将it is/was...与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型。这时，就选用that连接词;否则，就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。

例1. (1) It is on the island that they spent 10 years.

(2) It is the island where (on which) they spent 10 years.

比较：(1)该句为强调句。表示地点的名词the island前有介词与其连用，说明它是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉：They spent 10 years on the island.它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式 (注：强调地点状语时，不可用where连接)。

(2)该句为定语从句。表示地点的名词the island前没有介词与其连用，说明它不是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉：They spent 10 years the island.它的意义不完整。故应选用关系副词where或on which 构成定语从句结构。

例2. (1) It is on the date that she went abroad.

(2) It is the date when (on which) she went abroad.

比较：(1)分析句子结构可知，在表示时间的名词the date 前有介词与其连用，说明它是一个完整的时间状语。如果将it is去掉：She went abroad on the date.它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式(强调时间状语时，不可用when连接)。

(2) 分析句子结构可知，在表示时间的名词the date 前没有介词与其连用，说明它不是一个完整的时间状语。如果将it is去掉：She went abroad the date.它的意义不完整。故应选用关系副词when或on which 构成定语从

句结构。

知识点讲解2：名词性从句

什么是名词性从句以及我们做题时的技巧：

所谓名词性从句包括：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。那他们又是什么呢?我们知道一个完整的句子了要有主语谓语宾语，或者表语，同位语。所谓名词性从句等指的就是一个句子充当主句中的某个成分，比如一个句子是由一个句子充当主语，那这个句子就是主语从句。其他的以此类推。

比如说：what he said is wrong.

主句部分是______is wrong. 充当主语的是what he said. 所以这是一个主语从句。

既然是从句那就有引导词。其实我们经常把名词性从句和定语从句放在一起讲解，因为从引导词的相似度到，做题选择引导词的过程中都有很大的相似度。

我们来回忆一下定语从句的引导词有哪些：

定语从句的引导词分两类：

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as

关系副词：where，when, why

我们当时说选择引导词有两种方法：1)如果从句中缺主宾表这些成分就选关系代词，反之根据引导词是时间地点原因分别选择。

2)看从句中的谓语是不是及物动词，是则选关系副词，而且看动词搭配的介词可以替换成介词+which。

其实这种方法也可应用到名词性从句。

名称行从句的引导词分3类：

但他们和定语从句的引导词的区别是翻译的时候要把引导词的意思翻译出来。所以我们在选择他们的时候还要看从句的意思是否完整。

1) 连接词：that, whether, if , as if, as though

他们在从句中试不充当成分的，但有补充从句意思的作用，其中that既不充当成分也没意思，只是单纯的引导从句。

2) 连接代词：what , who, whom, whose, which，以及他们对应的-ever 的形式

3) 连接副词：when, where, how, why, 以及他们对应的-ever的形式。

技巧：如果从句中缺主宾表同位语成分，选择连接代词;反之选择连接副词，连接词。

比如： I don’t believe in what he said.

主句I don’t believe in主句没有完整，所以what he said是充当宾语。He said 缺宾语所以选连接代词。根据从句中的意思填what 他所说的。符合句意。

反之可推。

这里简单介绍了一下什么事名词性从句以及做题时选择引导词的一个小诀窍。

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高三语法复习专题定语从句(一)

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高中英语语法定语从句总结全

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新高考下的英语定语从句

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英语高三《定语从句》专项练习含答案

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