2016届高考英语 专题十三 阅读理解

专题十三阅读理解

2015～2011年各省市高考题

考点一主旨大意与写作意图题

Passage 1(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)

话题：房间与身材

词数：316

Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self－conscious(难为情)when they're in poorly lit places－and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.

Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint，go blue.

Don't forget the clock－or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12－inch plate instead of a 10－inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny

glass.

【语篇导读】这是一篇科普说明文。短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色、灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系。它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响。

1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about .

A.their home comforts

B.their body shape

C.house buying

D.healthy diets

解析推理判断题。短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系。显然这对于那些注重体型的人是有所帮助的。故答案为B。

答案 B

2.A home environment in blue can help people .

A.digest food better

B.reduce food intake

C.burn more calories

D.regain their appetites

解析事实细节题。根据第三段“...people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。因此B项正确。

答案 B

3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?

A.Eat quickly.

B.Play fast music.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2214363262.html,e smaller spoons.

D.Turn down the lights.

解析事实细节题。由第四段第二句可知，进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量。由此可知A项错误。由第四段倒数第二句中的“turn on relaxing music”可知B项不对。而由第二段首句中的“turn up the lights”可知D项也是错误的。根据最后一段“when we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake jumps by 14 percent.”也可直接推知答案为C。

答案 C

★4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Is Your House Making You Fat?

B.Ways of Serving Dinner

C.Effects of Self－Consciousness

D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?

解析标题归纳题。短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。用A项作标题，既能总括全文，又能吸引读者。答案 A

Passage 2(2015·安徽)

话题：家庭团结

词数：304

When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.

Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.

Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the

business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”

Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.

【语篇导读】文章通过讲述家庭企业的发展历程来强调家庭团结的重要性。介绍了Helene An和她的丈夫离开越南时，他们并不富有。Helene An以筷子为例教育孩子在家庭及事业中要团结起来，只要有梦想，一定会成功。

1.Helene tied several chopsticks together to show .

A.the strength of family unity

B.the difficulty of growing up

C.the advantage of chopsticks

D.the best way of giving a lesson

解析句意：海琳把几支筷子绑在一起来显示家庭团结的力量。考查细节理解。由第一段Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity与B项意思相近。

答案 A

2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family .

A.started a business in 1975

B.left Vietnam without much money

C.bought a restaurant in San Francisco

D.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles

解析考查细节理解。由they didn't have much money与B项意思相近。

答案 B

3.What can we infer about the An daughters?

A.They did not finish their college education.

B.They could not bear to work in the family business.

C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.

D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.

解析考查推理判断。由第三段Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity可知。

答案 C

★4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A.How to Run a Corporation

B.Strength Comes from Peace

C.How to Achieve a Big Dream

D.Family Unity Builds Success

解析考查主旨大意。由文章最后一段可知文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。

答案 D

Passage 3(2015·安徽)

话题：互联网与记忆

词数：288

As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.

In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive

memory (交互记忆)”

According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

【语篇导读】该篇介绍了专家们通过实验了解了互联网是如何改变我们记忆内容以及方式的，但这并不意味着我们是否能变得聪明，但毫无疑问的是，我们记忆的方式正在改变。★1.The passage begins with two questions to .

A.introduce the main topic

B.show the author's altitude

C.describe how to use the Internet.

D.explain how to store information

解析考查写作意图。由第一段可知作者使用两个问题是为了引出要讨论的话题。

答案 A

2.What can we learn about the first experiment?

A.The Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.

B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.

C.The first group did not try to remember the information.

D.The second group did not understand the information.

解析考查细节理解。由第二段so they did not try to remember it可知。

答案 C

3.In transactive memory, people .

A.keep the information in mind

B.change the quantity of information

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2214363262.html,anize information like a computer

D.remember how to find the information

解析考查细节理解。由第三段Rather, they remember how to find it可知在交互记忆里，人们记得如何找到信息。

答案 D

4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?

A.We are using memory differently.

B.We are becoming more intelligent.

C.We have poorer memories than before.

D.We need a better way to access information.

解析考查推理判断。由第四段but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing可知。

答案 A

Passage 4(2015·四川)

话题：金字塔

词数：436

No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll.Long－ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.

“Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.

People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there's no obvious answer.On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.

The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板).Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.

Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.

However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study .West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought, ‘Why don't they just try rolling the things？’ ” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized.That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”.

So he tried it.

He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30－kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.

They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.

West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.

【语篇导读】本文主要讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。

1.It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site

by .

A.rolling them on roads

B.pushing them over the sand

C.sliding them on smooth paths

D.dragging them on some poles

解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段的 The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths，可知选择C。

答案 C

2.The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means .

A.made the paths wet

B.made the paths hard

C.made the paths wide

D.made the paths slippery

解析词义猜测题。根据第四段的To make the work easier以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑，故选择D。

答案 D

3.What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?

A.Rolling the blocks with poles attached.

B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.

C.Rolling poles to move the blocks.

D.Rolling the blocks with fat.

解析代词指代题。由于是指代词，可知内容应该在上文，根据第六段的内容可知工人把木料绑在石块上，然后滚动石块。

答案 A

4.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?

A.Because more force is needed for sliding.

B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.

C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.

D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.

解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.可知，滚动石块不需要有准备工作，故选择D。

答案 D

★5.What is the text mainly about?

A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site. 解析主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了一种新的把石块移动到金字塔地址的方法，故选择D。

答案 D

Passage 5(2015·天津)

话题：社会机器人

词数：309

Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.

While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.

The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.

Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.

Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company's “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product's location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.

The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是社交机器人未来的发展情况。无论是

在家里或工作场所，社交机器人将在未来的几年中变得更为常见。

1.How are social robots different from household robots?

A.They can control their emotions.

B.They are more like humans.

C.They do the normal housework.

D.They respond to users more slowly.

解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的Social robots are...in a more humanized way.和第二段内容可知，社交机器人更人性化。

答案 B

2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2214363262.html,municate with you and perform operations.

B.Answer your questions and make requests.

C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.

D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.

解析细节判断题。根据第三段最后一句话可知，Jibo机器人服从命令，并能提醒你按时吃药。

答案 D

3.What can Oshbot work as?

A.A language teacher.

B.A tour guide.

C.A shop assistant.

D.A private nurse.

解析细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中The company's “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store可知，Oshbot机器人可以作为店员帮助顾客查找需要的东西。

答案 C

4.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will .

A.train employees

B.be our workmates

C.improve technologies

D.take the place of workers

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Oshbot, like other social robots...but to work alongside other employees.可知，社交机器人将会成为我们的同事，和我们一起工作。答案 B

★5.What does the passage mainly present?

A.A new design idea of household robots.

B.Marketing strategies for social robots.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2214363262.html,rmation on household robots.

D.An introduction to social robots.

解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是社交机器人。故答案为D。

答案 D

Passage 6(2015·陕西)

话题：咖啡树种植

词数：307

The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，full－sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade－grown production to full －sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.

On a local level，the damage of the forest required by full－sun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种)that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Full－sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result，many species are quickly dying out.

On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for full－sun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffee－growing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the world's groundwater.

Both locally and globally，the continued spread of full－sun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的)

soil conditions.

It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade－grown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.

【语篇导读】咖啡豆的生产和咖啡树的种植给人类带来了意想不到的结果。因为咖啡树生长需要充足的阳光，人类不仅破坏了遮荫的森林，还破坏了生态平衡，进而威胁人类的健康。

1.What can we learn about full－sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?

A.It limits the spread of new growing techniques.

B.It leads to air pollution and global warming.

C.It slows down the loss of shade trees.

D.It improves local soil conditions.

解析细节事实题。根据第四段的第二句可知：靠阳光生长的咖啡树的大量种植导致了遮荫树的减少，这已经引起了世界气候的变化，研究表明这些能释放氧气的树的减少也导致了空气污染和全球变暖。对应B项。A项错在limit一词上；C项错在slow down上；D 项错在improve一词上，不是改善了土壤，而是使变成了酸性土壤。

答案 B

★2.The purpose of the text is to .

A.entertain

B.advertise

C.instruct

D.persuade

解析作者意图题。根据文章的描述，特别是最后一段话，咖啡树的大量种植不仅给当地环境，而且给全球生态都带来了影响。所以对于消费者来说，他们可以有不同的选择，他们可以选择购买在树荫下成长起来的咖啡，虽然价格会昂贵一点，但是和人类和全球的健康相比，那也是值得的。作者的目的是劝说人们不要为了咖啡破坏生态平衡。

答案 D

3.Where does this text probably come from?

A.An agricultural magazine.

B.A medical journal.

C.An engineering textbook.

D.A tourist guide.

解析文章出处题。本题可以使用排除法，和咖啡种植有关的一定是agriculture农业一词，而不是medical，engineering，tourist等。

答案 A

★4.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

解析文章结构题。全文是以总分总的结构进行叙述的。第一段提出问题(最后一句)，第二、三、四段分别针对咖啡树的种植对当地、全球、整个生态平衡的影响做了描述，最后一段总结，提出解决问题的办法。

答案 A

Passage 7(2014·山东)

话题：Elizabeth为自由而战

词数：289

Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.At the age of six months she was acquired，along with her sister，by John Ashley，a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder.She became known as“Mumbet”or“Mum Bett.”

For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day，Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a spade.Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Furious，she left the house and refused to come back.When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.With his help，Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.

While serving the Ashleys，Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution.If the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to her.Eventually，Mumbet won her freedom —the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.

Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and

work for them as a paid employee.She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.Mumbet died in 1829，but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔).One of her great－grandchildren was W.E.B.Du Bois，one of the founders of the NAACP，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights. Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads，in part：“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write，yet in her own sphere she had no sup erior or equal.”

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，论述了黑人奴隶Elizabeth Freeman为争取自由而与生命抗争的故事。

1.What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?

A.She was born a slave.

B.She was a slaveholder.

C.She had a famous sister.

D.She was born into a rich family.

解析事实细节题。根据第一段，她出生在一个奴隶家庭，根据历史背景知识，故选A 项。

答案 A

2.Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?

A.She found an employer.

B.She wanted to be a lawyer.

C.She was hit and got angry.

D.She had to take care of her sister.

解析推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Mumbet保护她的姐姐，代为受罚，愤然离开，拒绝回来，后咨询律师，可知答案。

答案 C

3.What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution?

A.She should always obey her owners' orders.

B.She should be as free and equal as whites.

C.How to be a good servant.

D.How to apply for a job.

解析推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话，她认为自由平等也“适用”于她，故选B项。答案 B

4.What did Mumbet do after the trial?

A.She chose to work for a lawyer.

B.She founded the NAACP.

C.She continued to serve the Ashleys.

D.She went to live with her grandchildren.

解析事实细节题。根据第四段“She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.”故选A项。

答案 A

★5.What is the text mainly about?

A.A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.

B.The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.

C.The life of a brave African American woman.

D.A trial that shocked the whole world.

解析主旨大意题。根据全文大意，讲述的是一位黑人奴隶勇敢的故事，故选C项。

答案 C

Passage 8(2014·重庆)

话题：我与室友Kate

词数：298

I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each of her objects had its place，but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled (贴标签)everything.I always looked for everything.Over time，Kate got neater and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over，and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other.

War broke out one evening.Kate came into the room.Soon，I heard her screaming，“Take your shoes away！Why under my bed！”Deafened，I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling.She yelled back louder.

The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single

minute but for a phone call.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation，I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up，she quickly crawled (爬)under her covers，sobbing.Obviously，that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden，a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.

Slowly，I collected the pencils，took back the books，made my bed，cleaned the socks and swept the floor，even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up.She was watching，her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief.Then，she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I looked up into her eyes.She smiled at me，“Thanks.”

Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didn't always agree，but we learned the key to living together：giving in，cleaning up and holding on.

【语篇导读】“我”是一个不拘小节的人，宿舍经常被弄得一团糟，而“我”的室友Kate却生活条理，喜欢整洁，终于，我们由于各自不同的生活习惯产生争吵，幸亏一个电话终止了我们的争吵：Kate的奶奶去世了，Kate陷入悲痛，“我”表现出了对她的关切和照顾，我们重归于好。我也学会了如何与室友相处。

1.What made Kate so angry one evening?

A.She couldn't find her books.

B.She heard the author shouting loud.

C.She got the news that her grandma was ill.

D.She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.

解析细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段第三句话可知。

答案 D

2.The author tidied up the room most probably because .

A.she was scared by Kate's anger

B.she hated herself for being so messy

C.she wanted to show her care

D.she was asked by Kate to do so

解析细节推断题。上文提到“我”看到Kate伤心，心中升起一股温暖的同情感，下文就写到我整理房间，可以推知“我”想表达对她的关切和安慰。故选C。

答案 C

3.How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?

A.By analyzing causes.

B.By showing differences.

C.By describing a process.

D.By following time order.

解析推理判断题。第一段通过对比“我”与室友的不同为下文产生矛盾做好铺垫，故选B。

答案 B

★4.What might be the best title for the story?

A.My Friend Kate

B.Hard Work Pays Off

C.How to Be Organized

D.Learning to Be Roommates

解析主旨大意题。文章通过记叙自身经历使自己学会了如何和室友相处，最后一自然段结尾点明“我”学得的共处经验，是文章的中心句，故选D。

答案 D

Passage 9(2014·重庆)

话题：肥胖与锻炼

词数：304

There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can't help putting on weight as they get older，while others hold that if they stop exercising，their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths：

I'll never lose weight—I come from a fat family

Wrong！While we can't change the body type we are born with，we can't blame our genes for making us fat.There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families，and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.

I am fat because I burn calories slowly

Wrong！Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact，although

fat people consume more energy than slim people，they also fail to realize how much they eat！Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.

Exercise is boring

Wrong！Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk，take a different route.If you do yoga，try a tai chi class.If you like swimming，set yourself a distance or time challenge.

No pain，no gain

Wrong！Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed，pain is your body telling you something's wrong，and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly，but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don't，rest and seek medical advice.

【语篇导读】关于胖瘦和锻炼等话题，人们有很多普遍认同的观点，但这些观点并不都是正确的，对于几个观点，作者给予了详细的阐述与论证。

1.What does the author think about being fat?

A.It is the family genes that make people fat.

B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.

C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.

D.It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.

解析细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段最后一句话可知。

答案 D

2.According to the author，how can we make exercise more interesting?

A.By taking varied exercise.

B.By choosing simple exercise.

C.By doing regular exercise.

D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.

解析细节推断题。根据文章第四自然段可知让锻炼变得不枯燥的办法是“develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive.”故选A。

答案 A

3.What is the author's opinion about“No pain，n o gain”in exe rcising?

A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.

B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.

C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.

D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.

解析细节推断题。根据文章第五自然段第三句话可推知“如果身体出问题也会疼，继续锻炼只能导致更严重的伤害。”第五句就提到如果是持续疼痛，就要休息和看医生。故选B。

答案 B

★4.What is the purpose of the passage?

A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.

B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.

C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.

D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.

解析主旨大意题。根据文章第一自然段第一句话可知本文的写作目的是为了纠正人们关于肥胖和锻炼的不正确的看法。

答案 B

Passage 10(2014·广东)

话题：音乐天才的故事

词数：348

Samuel Osmond is a 19－year－old law student from Cornwall，England.He never studied the piano.However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata(奏鸣曲)by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him.

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