专升本英语翻译技巧解析
专升本英翻汉
具体技巧
剖析
技巧一：语词搭配
某些动词，在汉语中只能用于人。而英语中既可以用于人，又可用于物。所以，汉译时要符合汉语搭配习惯。比如 see 或 witness。
1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
1. Dusk found her crying at a corner of this street.
黄昏时，有人看见她在街上的一个拐角处哭泣。
2. His name escapes me for the moment.
我一时记不起他的名字。
技巧二：语词的引申
翻译中的引申，指的是在语言转换时，为适应译文表意或行文的需要，在原词或词组基本意思的基础上，对词义进行符合逻辑的调整或变动。翻译实践中常见的有：具体化、抽象化、逻辑化引申。
3. The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.
我前面的那辆车停住了，我错过了可通行时间。
4. Please don’t wake a sleeping dog.
请不要惹是生非。
5. Don’t waste time on self-congratulation; there is still work to do.
不要因为沾沾自喜而浪费时间；还有工作要做呢。
技巧三：语词的增译和省译
6. He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.
他吃点东西，喝点酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。
用增词法试着翻译：
1. 累得我走不动了。
2. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
1. It makes me so tired that I can’t walk any more.
2. While/Where there is life, there is hope.
7. As she sat down and began talking, words poured out.
她一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。
8. I could have skinned Rupert in front of the whole audience. 我真恨不得当着听众的面剥了鲁伯特的皮。
9. The doctor put the baby in her arms. She kissed it on the forehead.
医生将婴儿放到她怀里，吻了吻孩子的前额。
A horse is a useful animal.
马是有用的动物。
10. We had much snow last year.
去年下了很多雪。
11. Smoking is prohibited in public places.
公共场所，禁止吸烟。
12. Many years passed and the young man was very successfu in business.
许多年过去了，年轻人在生意上非常成功。
13. If I had known it, I would not have joined in it.
早知如此，我就不参加了。
技巧四：语词的词类转换
14. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
15. She opened the window to let fresh air in.
她打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。
16. Johnson was eloquent and elegant------ but soft.
约翰逊有口才、有风度，但很软弱。
17. The White family were religious.
怀特一家都是虔诚的教徒。
18. It is chiefly characterized by its easy operation.
它的主要特点是操作简单。
19. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.
他倒是不抽烟，但他父亲却一支接着一支地抽。
技巧五：语词的正反替代法
也就是：把正说词从反面表达出来→正说反译；
把反说词从正面表达出来→反说正译。
如：
1. 正说反译
23. These boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
这些渴望踢足球的孩子们因下雨而感到失望。
24. Every mascot that symbolizes the Olympics is linked to the
city and the country hosting the Games.
每个象征奥林匹克运动会的吉祥物都与奥运会举办城市和国家有联系。
试着翻译2005年专升本第68题：
请翻译2008年真题第67题：
67.Scientists are working on an electronic device, which could make life easier for the people.
答案：科学家们正在研制一种电子装置，它能让人们的生活更加便
捷。
也就是把主句的主语或先行词和定语从句融合起来，翻译为一个独立的句子。
她被授予一枚金牌，全家人都认为这是极大的荣耀。
31. He likes mountaineering, which is quite a fashionable exercise.
他喜爱登山，那是一项很时髦的运动。
技巧七：被动句的翻译
32. A young man was shot yesterday by a man in a stocking mask. 一位年轻男子昨天被一蒙面男子枪杀。
It must be remembered that…
It must be admitted that…
It is taken for granted that…
It must be pointed out that…
It is generally considered that…
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that…
35. It could be argued that the radio performs this
service as well, but on television everything is much more
为了迷惑别人，他机灵地说了些自我挖苦的笑话。
40. A jeep, full, sped fast, drenching me in a spray.
一辆坐满人的吉普车疾驶而过，溅了我一身水。
41. That he will come to the discussion is certain.
他肯定会来参加讨论的。
42. He doesn’t know what life means to him.
他不知道人生的意义。
43. The boy sat down on a stone to take a pebble out of his shoe
when he saw a stranger approaching him.
那小孩坐在石头上正打算从鞋子里取碎石子，这时他看见一个陌生人朝他走来。
44. Hardly had I got abroad when the train started.
我刚上火车，车就开了。
45. Here ends the diary of Dr. Watson.
华生医生的日记写到这就结束了。
华生医生的日记就写到这里。
46. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.
当时我确实还不太懂得战争的意义及战争实际上是怎么回事。
47. I just hate everybody. No, not you, Phyr, but everybody else.
我就是很所有人。不，不是你，菲儿，我恨其他所有人。
48. He realized the “subtlety” of China’s messages, the gap
between her hot rhetoric and her cool action.
他领会了中国信息的“微妙之处”：言辞激烈，但行动迟缓。
49. (1) Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.
相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。
(2) I likes English more than mathematics.
我喜欢英语胜过喜欢数学。
(3) In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine
grains of dust shining like gold.
在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象径自一样闪闪发光。
(4) Like knows like.
英雄识英雄。
50. (1) He was a man of high renown.
他是位有名望的人。
(2) His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death.
他是流氓的恶名是死后传开的。
(3) Lao Wang keeps boasting that he has talked to the premier Wen.
老王总是吹嘘说他曾与温总理说过话。
(4) “He was polite and always gave advice willingly,” she recalled.
她回忆说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人不倦。”
51. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution.
他们谈到通货膨胀、失业、环境污染等问题。
52. To him, the birds sang, the squirrel chattered and the
flowers bloomed.
鸟儿向他唱歌，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿为他开放。
53. He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking,
brooding and brooding .
for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his brother painters.
史密斯喝醉之后常常打老婆和女儿，第二天带着头痛发牢骚，抱怨世
人不能赏识他的才华。他痛骂同行画家都是糊涂虫，话很尖刻，有时候也很有道理。