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研究生英语综合教程下unit10_原文+翻译

研究生英语综合教程下unit10_原文+翻译
研究生英语综合教程下unit10_原文+翻译

研究生英语综合教程下unit10_原文+翻译

Unit 10

Almost all of us have heard about General Motors trying to sell their Nova model in Latin America and finding out that “no va” in Spanish literally means “it doesn’t go”. And of course, there was the famous first try of Coca Cola in China,when the translation of the soft drink’s name read “bite the wax tadpole”.

1我们几乎都听说过这样一个销售案例:美国通用汽车公司试图在拉丁美洲销售他们的Nova车型,结果发现在西班牙语中,“no va”的字面意思是“它走不了”。当然,同样有名的还有另外一个案例:可口可乐第一次登陆中国市场时,这种软饮料的名字被译成“蛾蚌啃蜡”。

But cultural awareness in marketing is a lot more than careful translation. There are subtleties and nuances to every culture, and there are just plain tablls. Although most people wouldn’t be able to list the rules of their own culture, they certainly know when those rules are violated. Our own culture tendd to be “invisible” to us, while differences we run into when abroad strike as strange, funny or extrotic. So how much more difficult it to discern the unwritten rules of another country?

2但是市场营销中的文化意识却远远不只是小心谨慎的翻译而已。每一种文化都有它的微妙和特别之处,同时还有一些直白的忌讳。虽然大多数人都无法详尽地罗列出他们自己文化中的条条框框,但他们却肯定知道什么时候人们违背了他们的文化传统。对我们来说,自己所属的文化往往是看不见的,但是,当我们身处异地时,我们碰到的文化差异却令我们感到古怪、有趣或奇特。因此,要辨明另一国家不成文的规定到底有多么困难呢?

There is still no substitute for a visit to the target market. When in a foreign place, you’ll undoubtedly become aware of different aesthetica. What flavors, which colors, are used to attract buyers there? Foods you find unpalatable and decorations you find garish have completely different effects on the natives. Your hosts might ask seemingly rude questions such as "How old are you?" and "How much money do you make?" Meals, schedules, transportation, and personal conveniences can't be taken for granted. Prices for the simplest purchases are subject to negotiation. You haven't figured out all the small coins,and you don't understand anyone's name. And it just doesn't smell like home.

3看来,去目标市场进行调查仍然是不二之选了。.当你身处异国他乡时,你就肯定会留意到审美观的差异。在那里,到底哪些味道或颜色更容易吸引购买者?你觉得很难吃的东西或很艳俗的装饰品对当地人来说就完全是另一回事。主人可能会问客人一些看似不礼貌的间题,如“你多大啦?”或“你赚多少钱啊?”饮食、日程表、交通、个人便利等等都不能想当然。即便是购买最普通的物品,你也可以讨价还价。你没弄清楚所有的硬币,你也不懂任何人名字的含意。总之,一切都与在国内时不一样。

4 A visit is a golden opportunity to absorb the present-day culture.Every detail that differs from your usual pattern is a clue to the nationals. But also remember that learning the basics of comportment in another culture, though very important in your relationships with clients and contacts, isn't sufficient

for planning a full marketing campaign. The simplest cultural differences can strand the grandest plans.

4到目标市场走走也是吸收当今文化的黄金时机。任何与你平时生活模式有所不同的细节都能透露出当地居民的行为方式。但同样要记住的是,在培养和发展与客户或联系人的社会关系时,学会另一文化的规范行为举止虽然很重要,但这并不足以助你做一个全面的营销策划。最简单的文化差异也能搁浅最宏伟的计划。

5 In Japan, for example, a major household products company spent many millions of dollars on a marketing campaign in advance of introducing its laundry detergent. Nevertheless, when the detergent was made available, sales were miniscule. In fact, few shops stocked the soap. Non-tariff trade barriers? No, it was something much simpler. The typically US "large, economy-sized" boxes were far too big and bulky for the tiny Japanese retail establishments. And Japanese housewives don't usually have cars——they walk to the stores and carry their purchases home, to very small living spaces.

5例如,在将其洗涤剂引入日本市场之前,一家大型的家用产品公司花了数百万美金进行了市场营销活动。尽管如此,当他们的洗涤剂在日本上市时,销量却客客无几。事实上,几乎没有商店储备这种肥皂。是非关税贸易壁垒的缘故吗?不是,真正的原因要简单得多。典型的美国式经济大包装对于空间狭小的日本零售店来说俨然是“庞然大物”。而且,日本的家庭主妇一般没有车,她们步行到商店,然后买了商品拎回家—个很小的处所。

6 Cultural factors influence consumer behavior. These factors include religion, superstation, family structure,cuisine,language and local history but estend to attitudes about such issues as government, work authority, age, environment, space and time, and male-female relationships. Finally, there is that difficult-to-define national sense of humor which often doesn't translate from one culture to another. Beyond concrete demographics, these attitudes are not as easy to circumscribe and pin down; besides, attitudes, even culturally ingrained ones, do change.

6不同的文化因素—不仅包括宗教、迷信、家庭结构、饮食、语言和当地的历史,还延伸到对待事物的各种观念如政府、工作、权威、年龄、环境、时空和男女关系—都会影响人们的购买行为。最后,一种文化里的幽默感是很难界定的,而且这种幽默通常难以通过另一种文化领会或设释。除了具体的人口统计数据之外,很难清楚地界定或确定这些观念;而且,即使是带上文化烙印的根深蒂固的各种观念也确确实实在改变。

7 The target language is easily determined, but beware of generalities. The Spanish language in Spain is not the same as in Latin America.And we've all heard about the 10,000 spoken dialects in Chinese, but also realize that the "old" characters` are still used in Singapore, other nations and regions. These have largely been supplanted with "simplified" characters on China's mainland that are now, since reunification, being spread to Hong Kong SAR. Most Chinese under 40 years old on the mainland can't read the old-style writing.

7目标语很容易确定,但切忌笼统概括。在西班牙使用的西班牙语与在拉丁美洲使用的西班牙语并不完全一样。我们都听说过在汉语里大约有10,000种口语方言,

而且我们也都意识到新加坡、其他一些国家和地区还在使用繁体汉字。但在中国大陆地区,繁体字已经基本上被简化字取代了。自从香港回归以来,这一趋势也扩展到了香港特别行政区。在大陆,大多数40岁以下的中国人已经不会读繁体字了。

8 Combine superstition and language for amplified effect.In China and Japan, the number four has the same pronunciation as the word that means "death". Consequently, a "4" in your company name or contact information might have a negative implication. The number eight, however, is considered lucky, and many products are named "88" or "888". Phone numbers with eights denote good fortune, and real estate with eights in the address is likely to sell more quickly—especially if the price ends in "888". These beliefs are so prevalent that hospitals in Hong Kong SAR were flooded with near-term pregnant mothers on August 8th, 1988 (8/8/88), demanding induced delivery

or even Caesarian sections so their babies would have lucky birthdays. And 1988 was also the auspicious "Year of the Dragon" in the traditional Chinese calendar.

8如果你能够把迷信和语言结合起来,你就能增强效果。在中国和日本,数字4与“死”谐音。因此,公司名字或联系信息里的数字4会有一种负面的含义。然而,数字8却被看作是一个幸运数字,于是有很多的产品名称都叫88或888。有数字8的电话号码代表着好运。地址里含有数字8的房产很可能会卖得更快,特别是当价格的尾数是"888”的时候。这些数字迷信相当普遍,以致于在1988年8月8日

(8/8/88),香港的医院挤满了临产的孕妇,有的要求人工引产,有的甚至要求剖腹产。这样,他们的小孩就可以有幸运的生日了。.而且,1988年也是农历中大吉大利的龙年。

9 In the United States, we’re used to competitive playing field in which we constantly compare ourselves, our companies, and our products. But in the EU and much of Asia, comparisons in advertising are not accepted or allowed. Declaring that one soft-drink tastes better than another or even that one automobile is more dependable than another could be met with distaste (or even legal action). For an EU campaign, it might be okay to tout the merits of your products, but not okay to use comparative methods common to a US campaign. In some locations, citizens tend to be much more humble and

self-effacing than "shoot-from-the-hip" people in the United States. Many cultures will respond better to emphasis on company longevity and reputation.

9在美国,我们习惯于在竞技场上角逐,比较自身、公司和产品。但是,在欧盟和大多数亚洲国家,广告里是不接受、也不允许有比较行为的。.如果宜称某种软饮料要比其他的软饮料口感更佳,或者某一种品牌的汽车比其他汽车更可靠,这可能会招人反感(甚至会被诉诸法律)。欧盟的宣传活动,吹捧自己产品的优点或许是可行的,但却不能采用产品比较的策略,尽管这种方法在美国是司空见惯的。.某些地方的市民往往会比那些鲁莽行事的美国人要谦卑低调得多。在很多文化里,公司都会比较注重长期发展和公司信誉。

10 If you are designing visual advertising, take into account local differences in non-verbal behavior such as gestures, eye contact, personal space, and male-female relationships. Years ago, a movie was released in China that

showed the first on-screen kiss ever filmed in the PRC. When the couple's lips met, an audible gasp swept through the theater. Depending on a variety of factors, this higher shock value of a public kiss could work for or against your advertising.

10如果你正在策划视觉广告,那么你就有必要考虑非言语行为的地方差异,如手势、眼神交流、私人空间以及男女关系。数年前,有一部电影在中国上映,这部电影里出现了中国电影史上第一次接吻的镜头。当接吻镜头出现时,电影院里惊叹声一片。考虑到丰富的文化因素,公众之吻的较高冲击值可能会对你的广告产生截然相反的功效。

11 It can be a big mistake to assume a pan-Asian market or a "Latin American" or "European" buyer. Neighboring cultures elsewhere don't necessarily share buying preferences any more than a US buyer does with a Mexican consumer. Furthermore, national borders don't always delineate buying behavior; regional patterns can be just as strong.

11妄加推断一个泛亚洲市场或一位拉丁美洲或欧洲客户都有可能会酿成大错。在邻国文化里,并不见得一定会有共同的购买喜好;同样,美国消费者和墨西哥消费者的购物偏好也不尽相同。而且,国界也不一定总能区分消费行为,因为地区特色也一样会很明显。

12 Each aspect of culture is like a stone thrown into a pool. Cuisine influences not just companies that trade in foodstuffs, but also appliances, cookware, storage ware, serve ware, packaging, as well as franchise food and hospitality companies. And don't use the Jolly Green Giant in part of Asia where a green hat worn by a man signifies that he has an unfaithful wife.

12文化的方方面面都可能会如投石入水,泛起涟漪。饮食习惯不仅会影响食品公司,也会影响经营日用品、厨具、储藏器皿、餐具、包装公司,以及获得经营权的餐饮、服务店。在有些亚洲地区不要用“快乐的绿巨人”,因为在当地文化里,男人戴绿帽子就表示他妻子对他不忠。

13 It's definitely best to have someone with native knowledge of the target culture advise you. Small budget? Consult bi-national chambers of commerce for effective help. But before launching a marketing campaign, try a test market first, usually in a major city with demographics representative of the targeted country or region. Generally, city populations may be more sophisticated and have the most cosmopolitan attitudes; they also have the highest incomes and therefore are more able to purchase consumer and discretionary goods.

13要是能够聘请到一位了解当地文化的人充当目标市场文化顾问,那肯定再好不过了。预算不够,就去咨询跨境商会以获取有效的帮助。但是,在启动一项营销活动之前,可以先到市场上测试一下,这种测试通常在目标国家或地区具有代表性的大城市进行。一般来说,城市居民见多识广,他们的观念也兼容并包;同时,他们的收人往往是最高的,更具随意购买消费品的能力。

14 In one such pretest, a US luggage manufacture found out that culture also affects thinking and perception. The company designed a new West Asian advertising campaign around the image of its luggage being carried on a magic

flying carpet. A substantial part of the Arabic focus group thought they were seeing advertising for Samsonite carpets.

14在类似这样的一次测试里,一家美国行李箱制造商发现文化同样会影响思维和感知。这家公司在中东地区策划了一则全新的广告—他们的行李箱乘坐在一块神奇的飞毯上。阿拉伯地区绝大多数的重点访谈人群则认为他们看到的是一则

“S'di11S0i111e”牌的地毯广告。

研究生英语系列教材下unit5原文+翻译

Unit5 An Alpine Divorce 1.John Bodman was a man who was always at one extreme or the other. This probably would have mattered little had he not married a wife whose nature was an exact duplicate of his own. 1约翰?伯德曼是一个常常走极端的人。这本来应该没什么,但可惜,他妻子的性格整个儿是他的翻版。 2.Doubtless there exists in this world precisely the right woman for any given man to marry and vice versa; but when you consider that one human being has the opportunity of being acquainted with only a few hundred people, and out of the few hundred that there are but a dozen or less whom one knows intimately, and out of the dozen, one or two close friends at most, it will easily be seen, when we remember the number of millions who inhabit this world, that probably, since the Earth was created, the right man has never yet met the right woman. The mathematical chances are all against such a meeting, and this is the reason that divorce courts exist. Marriage at best is but a compromise, and if two people happen to be united who are of an uncompromising nature there is bound to be trouble. 2毋庸置疑,对于任何一个男人,这世上总会有一个相当合适的女人能和他成家,反之亦然。但是如果你考虑一下:每个人仅有机会结识几百个人而已,在这几百个人之中熟知的只有那么干几人甚至更少,在这十几个人之中又最多只有一两个知心朋友;别忘了,居住在这世上的人有多少个百万,因此显而易见:自地球存在以来,这合适的男人极有可能从来就没有遇到过他那个合适的女人。。从概率上来讲,这样相遇的机会微乎其微,这也正是离婚法庭存在的原因。婚姻充其量不过是一种妥协,而如果恰好两个个性上互不妥协的人结合了,那就肯定会有麻烦。 3.In the lives of these two young people there was no middle distance. The result was bound to be either love or hate, and in the case of Mr. and Mrs. Bodman it was hate of the most bitter and egotistical kind. 3对于两个这样的年轻人来说,生活没有什么中间点,其结局注定要么是爱,要么是恨,而就伯德曼夫妇而言,他们到头来有的是那种最刻骨、最傲慢的恨。 4.In some parts of the world, incompatibility of temper is considered a just cause for obtaining a divorce, but in England no such subtle distinction is made, and so until the wife became criminal, or the man became both criminal and cruel, these two were linked together by a bond that only death could sever.' Nothing can be worse than this state of things, and the matter was only made the more hopeless by the fact that Mrs. Bodman lived a blameless life, while her husband was no worse than the majority of men. Perhaps, however, that statement held only up to a certain point, for John Bodman had reached a state of mind in which he resolved to get rid of his wife at all hazards. If he had been a poor man he would probably have deserted her, but he was rich, and a man cannot freely leave a prospering business because his domestic life happens not to be happy. 4在这世界上的某些地方,夫妻性情不合就能够成为离婚的正当理由,但是在英格兰,并没有如此微妙的区分,所以除非妻子犯罪,或丈夫犯罪并且为人残暴,否则两者的婚姻关系将一直维系下去,直至死神将他们分开。没有什么比这种事情更糟糕的了,而更令人绝望的是伯德曼太太为人无可厚非,而她丈夫也并不比一般男人差。然而,也许上面的表述只能说在某种程度上是正确的,因为约翰?伯德曼已经忍无可忍,下定决心不管付出什么代价也要摆脱他的妻子。如果他是个穷人,也许他会抛弃她,但是他很富有,而一个人不能因为家庭生活碰巧不幸就轻易放弃一份蒸蒸日上的事业。 5.When a man's mind dwells too much on one subject, no one can tell just how far he will go.

Assembly-line workers at Ford 研究生英语应用教程-翻译训练

Assembly-line workers at Ford and Chrysler no longer chat about whether they'll spend their $5,000-to-$10,000 year-end profit-sharing windfalls on a family vacation or a motorboat. This year there's little profit to share. Many also stand to lose $10,000 to $20,000 in reduced annual overtime pay. And their white-collar bosses aren't doing much better. Ford's 6,000 executives won't be getting any bonuses. The people who sell the cars and make most of their money from commissions are suffering much the same fate. All these workers are in effect paying to keep their job--and it's a trend that's accelerating far beyond the auto industry. Suddenly, everyone from $1 million-a-year investment bankers to middle managers and department-store clerks is facing a reduction of 10% to 100% in bonuses, profit sharing, stock options and commission payments. Some workers are even taking cuts in base salaries. Many employers and economists believe this newfound flexibility in pay may help keep unemployment a bit lower than it has been in previous downturns. But even as it cushions the blow, it is also spreading the pain to far more Americans. Robert Reich, Labor Secretary in the first Clinton Administration and now a professor of economics and social policy at Brandeis University, observes that "the biggest problem people will face this time around will be not the loss of jobs but the loss of income."

研究生英语综合教程下册课文原文

课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness 1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it." 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击,没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料的是,很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生,但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved. 2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事,可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理,这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中,人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出?积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上,大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。

(完整版)Unit研究生英语综合教程上单词

Unit1 academia 学术界acumen 敏锐due 应给的,欠下的ambiguous 不明确的ambiguity 不明确brink 始发点;边缘collaborative 协作的,合作的collaborator 合作者,协作者contributor 投稿人,撰稿人conviction 坚定的信仰或主张expertise 专门知识,专门技能foster 培养,促进,助长headhunter 猎头lone wolf 自行其是的人,好独处的人mindset 思维定式mitigate 缓和,减轻mobilize 争取支持,动用资源newbie 新手,网络新用户outshine 优于…,使…黯然失perception 看法,认识prioritize 使…优先prospective 预期的,未来的,可能的scary 可怕的studied 经过深思熟虑的teamwork 合作,协作,配合transition 过渡,转变act on 按…行事count on 指望in pursuit of 追求,寻求make up 编造(说法、解释)pep talk 鼓舞士气的讲话place a bet 下赌注put one’s neck on the line 冒险stick one’s neck out 说冒险的话stand out 突出;显眼adherence 坚守,信守affirm 肯定,强化autonomy 自主能力blockhead 笨蛋,蠢人brief 案情摘要,案情简介civility 礼貌,客气cost effective 低成本高利润的cut-rate 减价销售cynical 愤世嫉俗的dealing 商业活动,商业往来discource 谈话,交谈eminent 著名的,有名望的unit2 aftertaste 余味apportion 分配,分摊apprentice 学徒broth 肉汤,米汤,菜汤ceramic 陶瓷的chili pepper 辣椒粉chrysanthemum 菊(花)collective 集体的,共同的commemorate 纪念,庆祝culinary 烹饪的drainage 排水,排污dynasty 朝,代eccentric 怪异的,古怪的exquisite 精致的facet 一个方面fare 食物ferment 使…发酵filling 馅fragrance 香味garnish 装饰菜ginger 姜glutinous 很黏的greasy 多脂的,沾油脂的harmonious 和睦的,融洽的humility 谦逊,谦恭improvise 即兴表演,即席而作light 味清淡的;浓度低的;易消化的lingering 经久不消的literally 逐字地;照着原文longevity 长寿maw 动物的嘴precept 戒律,准则reed 芦苇reign 统治时期renowned 著名的scallop 扇贝seniority 年长,职位高specialty 特色菜stew 炖,焖

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

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Unit 1 我的第一份工作 汽车清洁工 [1] 我从父母那儿获得了很强的工作道德观。他们俩都经历过大萧条时期,对不是按常规工作的人感到难以理解。我曾经告诉我妈妈,西尔堆斯特·史泰龙工作10周挣1200万美元,“那他在一年其余的日子里干什么呢?”她问。 [2] 我把父母的工作道德观带入了我在故乡马萨诸塞州安多佛镇附近的威尔明顿镇福特汽车专营店干的第一份工作。那时我16岁,学期当中我干活干到五、六点,暑假期间则每天干12个小时。我干的是汽车清洁小工的活儿,也就是清洗,抛光等事,并确保纸地板垫的位置合适。还有一项职责是在夜里将汽车轮毂盖取下来以免被偷,第二天再还回原处。这是一项很费劲的工作,因为我们有占大约7英亩地的汽车。 [3] 一天,我抱着一大捧毂盖转过一个角落,几乎与我们新任总经理撞了个满怀。我吓了一跳,结果把毂盖全掉在了地上。他当场就解雇了我。 [4] 我羞愧万分,不愿让父母知道这件事。大约有两周的时间,我每天都忙到晚上,然后我会回家说工作干得很愉快。

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熊海虹主编研究生英语综合教程下-B翻译

Unit 1 To have a mind to do a thing is to foresee a future possibility; it is to have a plan for its accomplishment; it is to note the means which make the plan capable of execution and the obstructions in the way--or,if it is really a mind to do the thing and not a vague aspiration it is to have a plan which takes account of resources and difficulties. ——John Dewey 用心去做一件事,就是要预见未来的可能性,要为成功制定一个计划,要找到实施计划、避开障碍的方法——或者是一颗真正做事的心,而不是一个模糊的愿望,是考虑了所有资源和困难的计划。 ——约翰·杜威The Good Mind Is Flexible 优秀的头脑是灵活的 Edgar Dale埃德加?戴尔 1For many years we have talked about education in a changing society but have done little to educate for uncertainty. Perhaps the best insurance we can offer for this uncertainty is the presence of a good mind. To develop a good mind the student must learn how to learn and develop a taste for learning. The world of tomorrow needs flexible individuals, intellig ently mobile individuals, individuals who can land on their feet when their jobs become technologically obsolete, individuals who can cope with the unexpected. 1 多年来,我们一直在讨论日新月异的社会中的教育问题,却没有采取切实行动来教育人们如何应对变化。或许面对变化,我们的最佳保障是拥有优秀的头脑。要培养优秀的头脑,学生需要掌握学习方法,培养学习兴趣。未来的世界所需要的人才应该具备很强的适应能力,而且他们灵活而机敏,当其所从事的工作技术上落伍时,他们依然能够于逆境之中站稳脚跟,而且他们有能力应对突发的意外。 2To educate for flexibility we must distinguish between training and education. To train is to emphasize fixed responses, to stress immediate goals to the neglect of long-term growth . To educate, however, is to foster limitless growth, lifelong learning, to develop the good mind. 2 要培养灵活的头脑,我们需要区别什么是训练,什么是教育。训练就是加强固定的反应,重视即时目标,而忽略长远发展。教育则旨在促进无限的成长,鼓励终生的学习,培养优秀的头脑。 3Mark Twain's story about the cat is in order here. He said that a cat that jumps onto a hot stove will never jump on a hot stove again. Nor, he added, will she ever jump on a cold one. The cat can be trained but, contrary to what cat-lovers may say, cannot be educated.

研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课后部分翻译答案 (1)1

第一单元 “一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,生意始终在进行,那意味着一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,竞争也同样在进行,”豪特说,“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’!这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样,不仅对那些行动快速的人们,也对那些思维敏捷,并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作,而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后,职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说,当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时,便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友,在学校的表现,如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况,以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因,人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院,某些寄养家庭,或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良,语言和运动技能迟缓,以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”,而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现,是文化标准和价值观而非命运,将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人,因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局,这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制,一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间,而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同,一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常,而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果,随着动作越来越熟练,你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量,改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果,但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习,这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的,因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝

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