Battle-1066 and all that

Battle -1066 and All That

Walk the battlefield which changed the course of British history

on this moderate ramble

Essential Facts

Route distance: 9.6 km (6.0 miles)

Approximate time: 2 hours 45 mins

Approx. total ascent: 50 metres

Start point Grid Ref: TQ 725 140

GPS Ref: TQ 72549 14088

Recommended O.S. Map: Explorer 124 l

Toughness Rating Sussex 1

Please see the notes on Toughness Ratings at the end of this report

THE ROUTE

The Wooded Track

Battle Town Centre

Open Countryside

The walk starts in the village of Catsfield, near Battle. On arriving at Catsfield, turn down Church Road, opposite the White Hart pub, and use the car park behind the village hall. From the car park return to the pub, crossing the road, and turn right. Carry on ahead by the road to a waymark at S , on your left. Go over a stile and you are now on the 1066 Country Walk, following the path of the Norman Invasion. Cross the field to a further stile then over another road, turning left to a waymark (1066). Turn right here and continue on over a stile, then left at a waymark and follow the well-marked path with 1066 signs through trees.

At a stile and waymark keep ahead through a bluebell wood, still following 1066 waymarkers as they twist and turn while descending slightly through this pretty spot. At stile, A, turn right onto a peaceful, wide track. Go through two metal gates and then climb a gentle hill to waymark, B . Keep ahead now on another wide path to visit historic Battle. At a gate continue on to the town centre and the Abbey.

Returning to B , follow the sign direction for 1066 Bexhill Walk. Go through two gates and keep ahead on a wide path. Cross two stiles and at a third stile and waymark post cross the road directly into Telham Lane. Be careful as traffic travels fast on this road. Continue on down the lane to a waymark at C . Follow the sign to the right on a private drive passing through colourful cottages and houses. At the waymark at D , keep ahead following a bridleway sign. This goes between a hedge and trees. At a four-way waymark follow the bridleway sign and continue on. In front of an old oast house turn right between farm buildings and just before a private driveway turn left onto a track and climb the field to a stile. Cross this and the field and follow signs over stiles to a road. Before this though look back for views of Battle Abbey and the surrounding countryside. At the road turn right and walk along the verge to St Lawrence Church which is a nice spot for a rest or explore. Passing the church descend a few steps and cross the road to a stile. Continue over the field to another stile, through a farmyard, over another stile and continue over the next field to a final stile. Now cross the road and turn right to return to Catsfield and the starting point, S . Church Road is on the right, a few minutes away.

Refreshment

The Bull Inn

Public House

27 High Street, Battle Tel: 01424 775171 Real ales, meals and snacks

The 1066

Public House

11 High Street, Battle Tel: 01424 773224 Ales, meals and snacks Benji s Coffee Shop Café

5 Market Square, Battle Tel: 01424 77506

6 Snacks and sandwiches Café Belge Restaurant

64 High Street, Battle Tel: 01424 772344 Lunches and dinners

A Taste of Battle

Café

2 High Street, Battle Tel: 01424 774204 Snacks and sandwiches The White Hart

Public House

The Green, Catsfield Tel: 01424 892650

Pub food

LOCAL INFO

1066 and All That: although the Battle of Hastings in 1066 is an unforgettable date in British history, the actual battle took place some seven miles north of Hastings, at Senlac Hill. After King Harold was defeated by William, Duke of Normandy (later William the Conqueror), William built a church on the site. The high altar is thought to have marked the spot where Harold was felled. Later, Benedictine monks built St Martin s Abbey nearby, which was known as Battle Abbey. Now run by English Heritage the ruined abbey is a fascinating place to visit and a stroll around the battleground is a must for history lovers.

The 32-mile (51 km) 1066 Country Walk follows in the boot steps of William, Duke of Normandy, after he landed at Pevensey, with his invading force. It connects Pevensey with Battle and Rye, covering some fine countryside and views. The first part of the Norman invasion route can be explored on our walk from near Pevensey Castle.

BATTLE - 1066 AND ALL THAT

G.P.S. WAYPOINTS

WAYPOINT NAME MAP

REF

CO-ORDINATES ELEVATION:

Metres

BAT S S TQ 72549 14088 57 BAT A A TQ 73201 14734 40 BAT B B TQ 74257 15487 59 BAT C C TQ 74467 14344 18 BAT D D TQ 74167 13071 49

MAP LEGEND

Safety First

Safety should always be your first priority in planning and undertaking a walk, whether on your own or leading a group. Please read these Safety First and Walking Our Routes notes.

Lead a group of other walkers only if you have leadership and navigational experience adequate for the worst case conditions which may be encountered on the particular walk, bearing in mind the terrain, possible weather and navigational demands.

Weigh up the capabilities of your party, in terms of fitness and walking speed. Adjust your time expectations accordingly.

Ensure all your party are adequately clothed for the weather and conditions. Footwear is particularly important. Clothing must protect against cold, wet or strong sun according to the time of year.

Emergencies are quite rare, but it is essential to think ahead about what to do if someone in your party sustains an injury. Will you have a First Aid kit ? Is there a qualified First Aider in the party ? How could help be summoned in a serious eventuality ?

Refreshment, particularly water, can be vital. Dehydration in hot summer conditions can be rapid, and frequent intake of fluids is essential.

On tougher walks it is a good idea to tell someone where you are planning to go and when you expect to be back. Remember - mobile phones often lose reception in mountainous or isolated areas.

All our walks use legitimate routes: Public Rights of Way, Public Footpaths, Bridleways, Permissive Paths, Access Land, Byways and Roads.

Road walking calls for particular care. When there is no defined footpath or verge wide enough for safe walking it is usually best to walk on the right facing oncoming traffic. An exception may be a tight bend, where walkers would be more visible on the left.

Occasionally you may find a public footpath blocked or unuseable. It is perfectly in order to take the shortest available diversion without damaging crops, perhaps around a field margin.

It is courteous to close gates after passing through, sometimes even if the gate was open when you arrived particularly if it is obvious livestock may escape.

Mutual respect for farm animals is to be encouraged! Don t frighten or annoy them, but equally don t put your party members in danger or discomfort. You certainly wouldn t be the first walkers to go round the outside of a field of frisky bullocks.

Dogs should always be kept on a lead anywhere near farm animals, and under close supervision elsewhere in the countryside.

Walking Our Routes

Our walks are designed to be negotiated using the route directions in conjunction with the map section provided. We suggest walkers also take the Ordnance Survey Explorer or Outdoor Leisure map recommended for each walk.

On mountain, moorland and open heathland walks it is ESSENTIAL to have navigational expertise and tools, including the recommended Ordnance Survey map(s).

Take care to observe any cautions in the route description; exposed paths, areas liable to flooding etc. Consider conditions before setting off. Will heavy rain have made a water meadow impassable? Will frost or snow make a path slippery?

When navigating the route look for clues to confirm you are in the right place. Are map features where you would expect on the ground? Are features mentioned in the text where expected? If you suspect you may have taken a wrong turn, take action sooner rather than later. It is better to re-trace to a known point rather than carry on regardless with the possibility of becoming increasingly confused.

All our routes are carefully checked before publication, but features can change on the ground sometimes surprisingly quickly. Footpaths may be re-routed, buildings can appear or change significantly and these days pub names seem to change frequently.

The approximate time given for each walk is based on an average walking speed of 2.5 miles per hour (4 km/hour), plus an allowance for ascent, descent and any difficult terrain.

Total ascent is the approximate total ascent over the whole walk.

GPS users can enter in the waypoints provided in each of our walk reports. It is important to read our guide Introducing GPS for Walkers, available as a PDF file from the Great Walks in Britain web site. Remember that GPS is a great navigational tool, but only one of those available to the navigator. Never dispense with conventional map and compass and the training and skills to use them, especially on mountain, moorland or open heathland walks.

TOUGHNESS RATINGS

All our Sussex & The South Downs routes can be undertaken by reasonably fit

walkers able to utilise our map segments, together with the route guidance notes.

Always consider recent and forecast weather.

Each walk has been allocated a Toughness Rating:

1.Easier walks with modest ascent and generally on well defined paths. There

may be stiles or narrow gateways to negotiate.

2.Routes which are more demanding. They may include more ascent and

possibly paths which are looser or more difficult underfoot.

3.More strenuous walks with some steep sections, higher paths or places which

may be wet and boggy.

4.The most demanding walks in this edition. There may be prolonged steep

ascents. Conditions may be challenging underfoot.

Toughness Ratings are allocated in the context of the terrain in the edition area.

For example a walk rated as demanding in Cambridgeshire may be equivalent to an

easier or moderate route in the Brecon Beacons.

四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧

四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。（张培基） 应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章） 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。

十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..

十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语＋不及物动词She came．. ?主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ?主语＋系动词＋主语补语 ?She is happy． ?主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ?She gave John a book． ?She bought a book for me. ?主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry． ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?（There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名／代－－动词－－名／代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.

?相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力)

高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate) 2．网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of) 3．让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so) 4．博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose) 【答案】 1．What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room. 或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. 或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement. 【解析】 1．motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事，on earth究竟，major in 以…为专业，enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性，故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．online payment网上支付，brings convenience to给…带来方便，at the cost of以…为代价，privacy隐私，故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是，后者也那样so it is with。也可以用主语从句What makes my parents really satisfy 表语从句thatthey can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment。overlooks俯视，opposite the street街对面，living room 起居室。故翻译为To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．not well managed/ management is reckless疏于管理，be covered with dust/ be piled with dust被灰尘覆盖，few visitors游客稀少，be badly in need of improvement/ requires immediate improvement亟需改善。故翻译为his museum is not well managed, whose exhibits

(word完整版)It+willbe+时间段+before等表示“在……之后……才”的句型总结,推荐文档

It + will be + 时间段 + before等表示“在……之后……才”的句型总结 一、用于句型“It + will be + 时间段 + before...”句型中，表示“要过多久才…”，也可用于“It + may be + 时间段 + before...”，表示“也许要过多久才……”。Before 后的句子中用一般现在时态。 其否定形式“It will/would not be +时间段+ before…”表示“不久就……，过不了多久就……”。 【典型考例】 （1）The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again.（2007安徽卷） A. after B. before C. since D. when （2）—How long do you think it will be ______China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? （2006福建卷） —Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before （3）It ________ long before we _______ the result of the experiment.( 上海春招2002) A. will not be...will know B. is...will know C. will not be...know D. is...know (4) Scientists say it may be five or six years_________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. （2004福建） A. since B. after C. before D. when 解析：答案为BDCC。考题 （1）(2)before 用于肯定的“It + will be + 时间段 + before...”句型中，表示“要过多久…才…”。 （3）before在本题中用于否定句,意为“过不了多久就会……”, 状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，可知C项为正确答案,句意是:要不了多久我们就会知道试验的结果了。 （4）宾语从句中含有句型“It + may be + 时间段 + before...”，表示“也许要过多久才……”，故选择答案C。 二、用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …”表示“过了（多长时间）才……”。其否定形式“ it was not +时间段+ before …”意为“不久就……”, “没过（多长时间）就……”。 【典型考例】 It was some time ___________we realized the truth. （2005山东） A. when B. until C. since D. before 解析：答案为D。before用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …”表示“过了（多长时间）才……”。该题题意是“过了一段时间我们才意识到事情的真相”。故正确答案为C项。

五种基本句型及句子成分分析

五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：

文言文翻译技巧和方法

文言文翻译技巧和方法 一、基本方法：直译和意译文言文翻译的基本方法有直译和意译两种。所谓直译，是指用现代汉语的词对原文进行逐字逐句地对应翻译，做到实词、虚词尽可能文意相对。直译的好处是字字落实;其不足之处是有时译句文意难懂，语言也不够通顺。所谓意译，则是根据语句的意思进行翻译，做到尽量符合原文意思，语句尽可能照顾原文词义。意译有一定的灵活性，文字可增可减，词语的位置可以变化，句式也可以变化。意译的好处是文意连贯，译文符合现代语言的表达习惯，比较通顺、流畅、好懂。其不足之处是有时原文不能字字落实。这两种翻译方法当以直译为主，意译为辅。 二、具体方法：留、删、补、换、调、变。 “留”：就是保留。凡是古今意义相同的词，以及古代的人名、地名、物名、官名、国号、年号、度量衡单位等，翻译时可保留不变。例如：《晏子使楚》中的“楚王”、“晏婴”、“晏子”等不用翻译。 “删”，就是删除。删掉无须译出的文言虚词。例如：“寡人反取病焉”的“焉”是语气助词，可不译，本句的意思就是“我反而自讨没趣。”(《晏子使楚》)又如：“子猷、子敬俱病笃，而子敬先亡”中的“而”是连词，可不译，整句意思是“子猷与子敬都病重，子敬先死去。” “补”，就是增补。(1)变单音词为双音词，如《桃花源记》中“率妻子邑人来此绝境”，“妻子”一词是“妻子、儿女”的意思;(2)补出省略句中的省略成分，如《人琴俱亡》中“语时了不悲”，翻译为：(子猷)说话时候完全不悲伤。 “换”，就是替换。用现代词汇替换古代词汇。如把“吾、余、予”等换成“我”，把“尔、汝”等换成“你”。“调”就是调整。把古汉语倒装句调整为现代汉语句式。例如《人琴俱亡》中“何以都不闻消息”，“何以”是“以何”的倒装，宾语前置句，意思是“为什么”。“变”，就是变通。在忠实于原文的基础上，活译有关文字。“子猷问左右”(人琴俱亡))中的“左右”指的是“手下的人”，“左右对曰”(《晏子使楚》中的“左右”指的是“近臣”。 古文翻译口诀古文翻译，自有顺序，首览全篇，掌握大意；先明主题，搜集信息，由段到句，从句到词，全都理解，连贯一起，对待难句，则需心细，照顾前文，联系后句，

before用法归纳

before用法知多少？ 在高考中，状语从句是每年高考单项填空部分必考的题目之一，考查的重点是考生容易混淆并且近似的连词在逻辑行文和语篇结构中的使用。before作连词的用法一直是高考的重点，也是学生感觉掌握起来比较头疼的地方。下面选取近几年各省市的高考试题进行归纳分析，使考生通过典型实例，把握高考对before所引导的句型的命题规律，帮助同学们更好地解答此类题目。 1. before作为连词时的基本意义是“在……之前”，用于表示时间或顺序。 You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. (2009上海，32) A. before B. if C. while D. as 【解析】选A。考查连词，该句的意思是：在你得到你的学生卡之前你不能从学校图书馆借书。before表示先后顺序。 2. 表示“过了多久才……”，说明主句的持续时间比较长而从句的动作缓缓来迟。 (1) The American Civil War lasted four years _______ the North won in the end. (2005广东，30) A. after B. before C. when D. then 【解析】选B。本题考查连词before表示“在多久之后才……”的用法，根据本句含义“美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利”，可知本题应选B。 (2) Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing. (2004宁夏，39) A. as B. before C. since D. when 【解析】选B。before表示“过多久才……”。句意：几个星期已经过去了，我才意识到油画丢了。内含的意思是油画丢了好几个星期了，我才意识到。 3. 表示从句动作还没来得及发生或完成，主句动作就已经发生或完成了，意为“尚未……就”，“没来得及……就”，常用于before sb. can/ could…。 —Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? ( 2006四川，35) — He rushed out of the room _________ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 【解析】选A。本题考查连词before表示“还没来得及……就……”的用法。句意为：我还没来得及说一句话，他就冲出了房间。 4. 表示“以免，以防，趁……还没有……”，强调动作的必要性，以避免或防止从句动作的发生。 He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _____ it got worse.（2003北京） A. until B. when C. before D. as 【解析】选C。由made a mistake和转折词but可知本题句意是“他犯了一个错误，但在事情进一步恶化之前他改变了形势。”故答案正确答案为C项。

but,than引导定语从句和before,until用法辨析

but和than引导定语从句的用法 一、but可被看作关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作主语，在意义上相当于 who not或that not，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。 如：①There is no mother but loves her children．没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 ②There was no one present but knew the story already．在场的人都知道这个故事。 二、than作关系代词时，一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中，其结构为形容词比较级（more）．．．than＋从句，than在从句中作主语，相当于that，代表它前面的先行词。（这时，它兼有连词和代词的性质，也有学者认为这种用法的than是连词，后面省略了主语what。） 如：①The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxious than is necessary．室内游泳池过于豪华。 ②He got more money than was wanted．他得到了更多的钱。运用上述知识翻译下列句子： 1．任何人都喜欢被赞扬。（but） 2．我们大家都想去桂林。（but） 3．没有人不同情那些嗷嗷待哺的孩子。（but） 4．我们班上没有一个人不想帮你。（but） 5．无论多么荒凉，多么难以行走的地方，人们也能把它变成战畅（but）6．这件事情比想象的要复杂。（than） 7．这个广告的效果比预想的要好。（than） 8．这个问题看起来容易，实际上很难。（than） 9．他爸妈给他的零用钱总是超过他的需要。（than） 10．因为这项工程非常困难，所以需要投入更多的劳动力。（than） 答案： 1．There is no one but likes to be praised． 2．There is no one of us but wishes to visit Guilin． 3．There is no man but feels pity for those starving children．4．There is no one in our class but wants to help you． 5．There is no country so wild and difficult but will be made a theatre of war． 6．This matter is more complex than is imagined． 7．This advertisement is more affective than is expected． 8．The problem may be more difficult in nature than would appear．9．He got more pocket money from his parents than was demanded．

英语句子成分和句型结构

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） ★（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外，翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践，使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1. 词义的选择 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此，在平日的翻译练习和测试中，我们在弄清原文句子结构后，务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义，以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择： 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如：Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. ［译文］：审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 ［注释］：本句中like作介词，意为"像……一样"。但like作动词用，则意为"喜欢；想要"。例如：He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如：Would you like to leave a message? (你要不要留个话儿?)此外，like还可以作形容词用，意为"相同的"，如：Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥，异性相吸。) 2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例1 According to the new s chool of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. ［译文］：新学派的科学家们认为，技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 ［注释］：school一词常被误译为"学校"，其实，school还有一个词义"学派"。可见，正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响，而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要依据。 例2 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. ［译文］：既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度要能提供"有效的"和"公平的"比较。 ［注释］：许多人把scale译为"范围"，和文章的语篇意思和句子的确切含义大相径庭。

初中句子成分和基本句型完整版

初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.

before句型辨析与解析

before句型辨析与解析 It + will be + 时间段+ before等表示“在……之后……才”的句型总结 一、用于句型“It + will be + 时间段+ before...”句型中，表示“要过多久才…”，也可用于“It + may be + 时间段+ before...”，表示“也许要过多久才……”。Before 后的句子中用一般现在时态。 其否定形式“It will/would not be +时间段+ before…”表示“不久就……，过不了多久就……”。 （1）The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when （2）—How long do you think it will be ______China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? —Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before （3）It ________ long before we _______ the result of the experiment. A. will not be...will know B. is...will know C. will not be...know D. is...know (4) Scientists say it may be five or six years_________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 解析：答案为BDCC。考题 （1）(2)before 用于肯定的“It + will be + 时间段+ before...”句型中，表示“要过多久…才…”。 （3）before在本题中用于否定句,意为“过不了多久就会……”, 状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，可知C项为正确答案,句意是:要不了多久我们就会知道试验的结果了。 （4）宾语从句中含有句型“It + may be + 时间段+ before...”，表示“也许要过多久才……”，故选择答案C。 二、用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …” 表示“过了（多长时间）才……”。其否定形式“ it was not +时间段+ before …” 意为“不久就……”, “没过（多长时间）就……”。 It was some time ___________we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before 解析：答案为D。before用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …” 表示“过了（多长时间）才……”。该题题意是“过了一段时间我们才意识到事情的真相”。故正确答案为C项。 表示“在……之后……才”。副词“才”在汉语中强调某事发生得晚或慢。如果在含有before从句的复合句中，强调从句动作发生得晚或慢时，就可以应用这种译法。 The American Civil War lasted four years _______ the North won in the end. A. after B. before C. when D. then 解析：答案为B。本题考查连词before表示“在……之后才……”之的用法，根据本句含义“美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利”，可知本题应选B。 三、表示“……还没来得及……就……”。目的在于强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已发生。 —Why didn't you tell him about the meeting? — He rushed out of the room _________ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 解析：答案为A。本题考查连词before表示“……还没来得及……就……”的用法。句意是“我还没来得及说一句话，他就冲出了房间”。 四、表示“在……之前就……”。这时主句与before从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。 It was evening______ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before 解析：答案为D。本题考查连词before表示“在……之前就……”的用法。句意是“我们到达小镇Winchester 之前就已经是傍晚时分了”。 五、表示“趁……”，“等到……”，或“没等……就…… ”等。

句子成分和基本句型

句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me.

英语翻译技巧实例

英语翻译技巧 5.拆句法和合并法： 这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如： （1） Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States. 同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。（在主谓连接处拆译） （2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。（在定语从句前拆译） 6.倒置法： 在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或

进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如： （1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world. 此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。（部分倒置） （2）I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。（部分倒置） （3）改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置) 7.倒置法： 在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如： （1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.