Unit 43 态度(二)

教学资源

一、导学案：见电子文档

二、备课参考

likely

adj. [常与more, most连用] 很可能的probable反unlikely

①be likely to do sth:

If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to improve. 如果你能找到合适的学习方法，学习效率就可能会提高。2011 上海改

The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the more likely they are to become responsible.年轻人接触的财务问题越多，越有可能变得有责任心。2008 上海

②it is likely + that 从句：

It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康会受到损害。人教⑥– 3 adv. [常与most, more, very连用] 很可能probably

When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. 当一只狼嚎叫起来，其他的狼很可能也跟着叫。2011 湖北Not likely! [表示强烈的否定] 绝不可能！才不呢！

— Would she mind playing against her former teammates? 她介意和她原来的队友比赛吗？

— Not likely! 不会！2010 浙江改点拨一：likely (产出词汇)

1. likely 的主语既可以是人或物，也可以是it。其结构为sb / sth is likely to do sth 和it is likely +that从句。

2. likely虽然以ly结尾，但它可作形容词。类似的形容词还有costly, deadly, friendly, lively, lonely, silly, unlikely等。

3. 考点复现

Studies show that people are more ________ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.

(2010 浙江)

A. likely

B. possible

C. probable

D. sure —Would she mind playing against her former teammates?

— ________. She is willing to play against any tough players.

(2010 浙江)

A. I think so.

B. I’m not surprised

C. Of course

D. Not likely

答案： A D

4. ?unlikely adj.不太可能的；想不

到的

chance

chance详见Unit 18 chance n.

◆[C] & [U] 可能性；几率

She has a good chance of winning. 她很有希望获胜。

The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. 一个

物种分布得越广，其生存下来的可能性就越大。2011 江西

There’s no chance of rain today. / There is no chance that it will rain

today. 今天不可能下雨。

[C] 机会；机遇

Don’t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! 不要

错过伸出你热情的双手来帮助别人的机会！2014 四川

A good knowledge of English will improve your chances of employment.

英语好将有助于增加你的就业机会。

?[C] 风险；冒险

The car might break down but that’s a chance we’ll have to take. 车有可

能抛锚，但我们不得不冒这个险。

?[U] 偶然；巧合；运气

Chance led him to find the new facts. 在偶然的情况下他发现了那些新

的事实。

Chance plays an important part in many card games. 在许多纸牌游戏中

运气很重要。

by chance 碰巧；意外地

If, by chance, he won, he would spend the prize money on a computer. 如

果他意外获奖，他会用奖金买一台电脑。人教⑥– 2

the chances are (that) [口语] 很可能

If you go into a school, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning

tracksuits with the familiar logo.

如果你走进校园，很可能看到身穿李宁运动服的学生，衣服上有那个

熟悉的徽标。

take chances / a chance 冒险一试；碰运气

She taught me to take chances and not be afraid. 她教导我要敢于冒险

一试，不要害怕。2010 北京

I’m not sure of beating him, but let me take a chance.我虽没有把握打

败他，但还是要碰碰运气。

adj. [只用于名词前] 偶然的

a chance discovery 偶然的发现

ability n.

◆[U] 能力the fact of being able to do sth

ability to do sth:

The ability to laugh and smile is actually something we are born with. 笑与微笑实际上是我们与生俱来的能力。2011 陕西改The health center serves all patients, regardless of their ability to pay. 医疗中心为所有病人服务，不论他们的支付能力如何。

[C] & [U] 才能；才识；技能a level of skill at doing sth develop an ability 培养技能

musical / natural ability 音乐天赋/ 天赋

Students of all abilities will get together and study for two weeks. 各种水平的学生将聚集在一起学习两个星期。

to the best of one’s ability 尽最大努力：

I try to do my job to the best of my ability. 我尽全力做好我的工作。

prefer (preferred, preferred) vt. [不用于进行时] 更喜欢；更愿意— Tea or coffee? 喝茶还是咖啡？

—I’d prefer tea, thanks. 我更喜欢茶，谢谢。

She prefers her coffee black. 她更喜欢喝清咖啡。

①prefer sb / sth to do sth:

I’d prefer you to start early. 我更希望你早点出发。北师大⑧– 24 I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only. 我希望我的

英语课是全英授课。

②prefer to do sth / doing sth:

Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet. 有些人喜欢在网上做几乎一切事情。2013 安徽I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sunday. 周日我喜欢一整天把自己关在屋里听音乐。

③prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth:

I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better. 比起那条绿裙子，我更喜欢那条红色的，因为它更适合我。人教①– 3 I would prefer reading books to watching television. 比起看电视，我还是喜欢读书。

④prefer + that 从句：

They preferred the money (should) be used for building schools and hospitals. 他们更愿意拿这笔钱来建学校和医院。

I would prefer that you di dn’t mention my name. 我希望你不要说出我的名字。ability 详见Unit 2 ability

点拨二：prefer(产出词汇)

1. prefer + that 从句结构中，从句有时用虚拟语气(should do)，但是这种虚拟语气不常用。

2. 考点复现

We can eat out if you like, but I would ________ (更喜欢) to stay in.

(2014 陕西)

答案：prefer

3. ? preferred adj. 首选的；有优先

权的

attempt

n. [C] & [U] 试图；尝试；努力

All attempts by the experts to cure him failed. 专家们治疗他的所有努力都失败了。人教⑤– 1 The town is banning plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment. 为改善环境，这个城镇禁用塑料袋。

The team made an attempt to climb / at climbing the mountain. 这个队尝试着爬上那座山。

He made no attempt to hide his feelings. 他毫不掩饰自己的情感。vt. 试图；尝试；企图

He did not attempt the last question in the examination. 在考试中他放弃了最后一道题。

attempt to do sth:

He is attempting to finish his painting by the weekend. 他正努力在周末前完成画作。外研②– 4

intend vt. 打算；想要

I intend no harm. 我没有恶意。

The book is intended for children. 这书是给孩子们读的。

①intend doing / to do sth：

He intends studying / to study abroad next year. 他打算明年去国外留学。

②intend sb / sth to do sth：

I intend you to come with me. 我想让你跟我一起去。

They intend the building to be a guest house. 他们想把这所房子改成宾馆。

③intend + that 从句：

We intended that production will start next month. 我们打算下个月开始生产。attempt详见Unit 19 attempt

点拨三：intend (产出词汇)

? intention n. [C] & [U] 意图；目

的(aim, purpose)

I have no intention of changing my plan. 我不打算改变计划。

This program was set up with an intention of providing help to homeless people. 设立这个项目是为了帮助无家可归的人。

mean (meant, meant)v.

◆[不用于进行时] 表示……的意思

The red light means ―Stop‖. 红灯表示―停‖。

The flashing red light means there is a paper jam. 红灯闪烁表示卡纸了。 [不用于进行时] 意思是(说)

If you nod your head you usually mean yes. 如果你点头，通常表示你同意。外研④– 3 I want to buy her something really special, if you know what I mean. 我想给她买件真正特别的东西，你明白我的意思吧？

?[不用于进行时] 意味着

Spending too much now will mean a shortage of cash next year. 现在花费太多会导致明年现金短缺。

Such heavy rain means that the roads will be flooded. 这么大的雨会淹没道路。北师大⑧– 23

①mean (sb / sth) doing sth:

Having a well-paid job does not mean giving up your interests. 拥有高薪的工作并不意味着要放弃你的爱好。

Reading means taking in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself. 读书就是要摄取信息、消化理解并内化成为自己的东西。

2010 湖北改The injury could mean him missing next week’s game. 这次受伤可能使他无法参加下周的比赛。

②mean sth to sb:

Her children mean the world to her. 孩子就是她的一切。

Your friendship means a great deal to me. 你的友谊对我来说很珍贵。

?意欲；打算

I didn’t mean any harm. I was trying to drive a rat out. 我并没有恶意，我只是想把老鼠赶出去。

What did she mean by leaving so early? 她为什么这么早就走了？

The chair was clearly meant for a child. 这椅子显然是专门为儿童预备的。

This is the last time I’m waiting for you. I mean it. 这是我最后一次等你。我说到做到！2009 湖南mean (sb / sth) to do sth:

I’ve been meaning to ask you if you want to come for a meal next week.

我一直想要问你，下个星期你来不来吃顿饭。

Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year. 节日旨在庆祝一年中的重要日子。人教③– 1 I didn’t mean you to read the letter. 我没打算让你看这封信。点拨四：mean (产出词汇)

1. 考点复现

If you think that treating a woman well means always _______ her

permission for things, think again.

(2006 湖南)

A. gets

B. got

C. to get

D. getting —Why have n’t you bought any butter?

—I _______ to but I forgot about it. (2001 京蒙皖春)

A. liked

B. wished

C. meant

D. expected

答案： D C

2. mean 意为“意味着”时，后接doing；意为“意欲；打算”时；后接to do。

3. mean 是个同形异义词。

*mean adj.

◆吝啬的；小气的

He has always been mean with his money.他向来花钱小气。

卑鄙的；刻薄的

be meant to be 被普遍认为是

The restaurant is meant to be excellent. 大家都说这家饭店很棒。

I mean [用于解释或更正刚说过的话] 我(的意思) 是说

— What do you think is the matter with your car? 你认为你的车有什么毛病？

—Well, it wouldn’t start at all. I mean, I turned the key and nothing happened. 唉，它根本发动不起来，我是说，我转动钥匙，结果什么反应也没有。

make up one’s mind 作出决定；下定决心

Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. 她一旦下定了决

心就不会改变主意。人教①– 3 He has made up his mind to overcome his shortcomings. 他已经下决心要克服自己的缺点。

feel like 想要

Do you feel like a game of tennis? 想打场网球吗？It is such a fine day. I feel like going out for a picnic. 天气这么好，我想出去野餐。

cheer up (使) 振作起来；(使) 高兴起来

She tried to cheer him up. 她努力让他高兴起来。外研⑥– 1 Cheer up! Things will work out for the best. 高兴点儿！事情会有好结果的。

speak highly of 赞扬

World media spoke highly of China’s achievements in reform. 世界各国媒体高度评价中国改革所取得的成就。

think highly of 对……高度评价

We should think highly of him, because he always put others’ interest first. 我们应该对他高度评价，因为他总是把别人的利益放在首位。点拨五：feel like (产出词汇)

考点复现

1. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel

like ________ for a swim?

(2014 陕西) A. to go B. going

C. go

D. having gone

2. Lydia doesn’t feel like ________ abroad. Her parents are old.

(2011 四川) A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study

答案：1. B 2. B

点拨六：cheer up

考点复现

—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.

I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.— ________! I’m sure you’ll make it.

(2006 天津)

A. Go ahead

B. Good luck

C. No problem

D. Cheer up

答案：D

expect vt.

◆[常用于进行时态] 等待

expect a letter / phone call 等信/ 电话

Are you expecting visitors? 你在等客人吗？

预料；预计

The plan goes much as expected. 计划进展得如预期一样。2011 广东

①expect (sb / sth) to do sth:

I didn’t expect him to stay so long. 我没料到他会待这么久。

②expect (that):

We expect (that) the meeting will finish at about 5 o’clock. 我们预计会议五点左右结束。

?要求；期望；指望

①expect sth (of / from sb):

V olunteers don’t expect any kind of pay. 志愿者不要求任何形式的报酬。

2008 四川Her parents expected a lot from her. 她父母对她期望很高。

②expect (sb) to do sth:

How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen? 你从不听讲，怎么能指望学到东西呢？

Don’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time. 别指望我用这么点儿时间干完所有这些活儿。2012 山东改

We are expected to work on Saturdays. 我们星期六要上班。

? [接从句，也可与so, not 连用，不用于进行时]料想；认为

I expect you are right. 我想你是对的。

— Will he be late? 他会迟到吗？

—I expect so / not. 我想会的/ 不会。

be expecting a baby / child 怀孕

If you are expecting a baby, your smoking habit might cause problems for it. 如果你怀孕了，吸烟的习惯可能会对胎儿产生不良影响。人教⑥– 3 点拨七：expect (产出词汇)

1. 考点复现

① Duty is an act or a course of action

that people ________ you to take by social customs, law or religion.

(2010 湖北)

A. persuade

B. request

C. instruct

D. expect

②Does this meal cost $50? I

________ something far better

than this! (2007 全国)

A. prefer

B. expect

C. suggest

D. suppose

答案：① D ② B

2. expect, hope 辨析

二者都有“期望”的意思。Expecting is mental rather than emotional. If I expect sth to happen, I have a good reason to think it will in fact happen.

Hoping is more emotional. If I hope for sth to happen, I would like it to happen, but I don’t know whether it will.

One can expect good or bad things, but one only hopes for sth that one wants.

3. ?expectation n.[C] & [U] 期

待；预期；期望

come / live up to / meet / answer sb’s expectations不负某人所望

You know, my teachers all have great expectations of me. 你知道，所有老师都对我有很高的期望。

beyond (sb’s) expectation(s) 出乎(某人) 意料地

forward 反backward

adj.在/ 近前部的；向前的

a forward seat 前排座位

He is forward in both work and study. 他在工作和学习上都是佼佼者。adv. 向前；将来；提前地(forwards)

He ran forward(s) to get his things. 他跑上前来取他的东西。

look forward to (doing) sth:

Looking forward to the future, we hope to expand our overseas branches. 展望未来，我们希望扩展海外的分支机构。

We look forward to seeing you again. 我们盼望与你重逢。2012 全国n. [C] (足球、篮球等的) 前锋；前卫

Ronaldo is undoubtedly considered to be one of the best forwards. 毫无疑问，罗纳尔多被公认为最出色的足球前锋之一。

vt. 邮寄；转寄

Upon my death, please forward this box and its contents to Jack Bennett. 在我死后，请把这个盒子和盒子里的东西寄给杰克·贝内特。2008 江苏

inspire vt.

◆激励；鼓舞

We need someone who can inspire the team. 我们需要一位能鼓舞团队士气的人。

inspire sb to do sth:

Her trust in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined possible. 她对我的信任激励着我去尝试本以为不可能的事。2010 北京 激发；唤起

His driving hardly inspires confidence. 他的开车技术让人难以放心。

?[常用于被动语态] 启发；给……灵感

This piece of music was inspired by dolphin sounds. 这首乐曲的创作灵感来自海豚的叫声。点拨八：inspire (产出词汇)

1. ? inspired adj. 备受鼓舞的

2. ? inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的

3. ? inspiration n. [C] & [U] 灵感名Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. 天才就是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水。——爱迪生

encourage vt. 反discourage

◆鼓励；激励

An ideal life is the kind of life that is encouraged by love and guided by knowledge. 理想的生活是一种由爱激励和由知识引导的生活。

①encourage sb (in sth):

My parents encouraged me in my further studies. 父母鼓励我继续深造。

②encourage sb to do sth:

Her work encouraged many other women to become doctors. 她的工作激励了许多其他女性成为医生。人教④– 1 鼓动；劝告

encourage sb to do sth:

The aim of the campaign is to encourage youngsters not to smoke. 该活动的目的是劝导青少年不要吸烟。

Banks actively encourage people to borrow money. 银行积极鼓动人们贷款。

?促进；助长

①encourage sb (in sth):

Some computer games encourage violent behavior in young children. 有些电脑游戏助长儿童的暴力行为。

②encourage sb to do sth:

Music and lighting are used to encourage shoppers to buy. 音乐和灯光被用来刺激购物者消费。点拨九：encourage(产出词汇) 1. 考点复现

When things aren’t going well, my parents always ________ (鼓励) me, telling me not to give up.

(2010 陕西) I want to thank everyone who has ________ (鼓励) and supported me. (2006 全国)

● My advisor encouraged ________

a summer course to improve my writing skills. (2004 北京) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take

答案： encourage

encouraged

● D

2. 熟词生义。掌握释义 和?

3. ? encouraged adj. [不用于名词

前] 受到鼓舞的She felt encouraged by the many letters of support. 许多表示支持的信使她深受鼓舞。

4. ? encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的I’m glad to hear the encouraging news. 听到这个鼓舞人心的消息，我很高兴。

5. encouragement n. [C] & [U] [常用单数] 鼓励；奖励/ 品

With her encouragement, I decided to seize the opportunity.在她的鼓励下，我决定抓住这次机会。

人教⑧–3 Their words were a great encouragement to me. 他们的话对我是极大的鼓励。

blame

vt. 责备；把……归咎于

①blame sb / sth (for sth):

We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings.我们不能把自身的不足归咎于科技。2013 安徽Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. 一旦养成把不好的情况归咎于其他人或事的习惯，你就是一个失败者。2010 广东②blame sth on:

Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving. 警方把事故归咎于危险驾驶。

be to blame (for sth) (对某事) 负有责任

Who is to blame for the fire? 着火是谁的责任？

It’s all my fault. I’m t o blame. 这都是我的错，都怪我。

n. [U] 责任；责备

take / bear the blame 承担责任

Where does the blame for our failure lie? 我们失败的症结在哪里？

He usually puts the blame on others. 他总是把过错推给别人。

comment

n. [C] & [U] 评论(remark)

no comment 无可奉告

It is impolite to make unfavourable comments on a person’s appearance. 对他人的外貌做负面评价是不礼貌的。人教⑦– 2 vi. & vt.评论；批评(remark)

They are always commenting on / upon what I’m wearing. 他们总是对我的穿着评头论足。

The discovery is hardly commented by the press. 这个发现新闻界几乎未作评论。blame详见Unit 2 blame comment详见Unit 7 comment

judge

n. [C] 法官；裁判员；鉴定人

The prisoner was taken before the judge. 犯人被带到法官面前。

Two hours later, the judge read a list of the girls for a second tryout. 两小时后，裁判宣读了参加第二轮选拔的女孩的名单。2008 天津v.

◆vi. & vt.判断

Judging from her accent, she must be from Sichuan. 听口音，她准是四川人。

Judging by his last letter, they are having a wonderful time. 从他上次的来信看，他们过得很不错。

vt. 估计

It’s difficult to judge how long the journey will take. 很难估计这段旅程要花多长时间。

?vt. & vi.评价

I’ve learnt a good lesson: not to judge people. 我得到了有益的教训：不要对他人品头论足。2010 北京I’m in no position to judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong. 我无权评价她正在做的事是对还是错。

?vt. & vi.裁判

She was asked to judge the English speech competition. 她应邀担任英语演讲比赛的裁判。

?vt. 审判；判决

judge a case / judge sb guilty 判案/ 判某人有罪

remark

n. [C] 言论；谈论；评论

brief remarks 简短的话语

remarks by / from 出自……的话

vt. & vi.谈论；评论

The teacher remarked that the article was well written. 老师评论说那篇文章写得很好。

It would be rude to remark on / upon other’s appearance. 对他人的相貌品头论足是不礼貌的。judge详见Unit 2 judge

点拨十：remark (产出词汇)

? remarkable adj. 非凡的；卓

越的；引人注目的辨析详见Unit 7 comment

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