Unit 9 Controversial Issues

Unit9 Controversial Issues June.15th, 2012 (Fri) Words & Phrases (Text A &B)

starvation (n.): the state of suffering and death cause by having no food

?to die of/ from starvation

?Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought.

?If I have to be on a starvation diet to lose weight, I’d rather give up.

v.: starve → adj. starving

?The pictures of starving children in Africa always bring tears to my eyes.

?我餓shi了！

?I’m starving！

infectious (adj.): an infectious disease can be passed easily from on person to another, esp. through the air they breathe; SYN: contagious

?Scarlet fever is highly infectious.

?an infectious laughter

?Yawning is not allowed in class since it’s infectious！o(╯□╰)o

corruption (n.): dishonest or illegal behavior, esp. of people in authority;

v.: corrupt; adj.: corrupt

?The new government has promised to fight police corruption.

?The widespread political corruption kind of makes me hopeless.

the act or effect of making sb change from oral to immoral standards of behavior

?He claimed that sex and violence on TV led to the corruption of young people.

bribe (n.): a sum of money or sth valuable that you give or offer to sb to persuade them to help you;

?to offer bribes/ to take bribes → bribery

v.: bribe sb with sth/ bribe sb into doing sth: to give sb money or sth valuable in order to persuade them to help you, esp. by doing sth dishonest

?She was bribed into handing over the secret information.

?想進去其實很簡單，給門衛幾根煙就行了。

?It’s actually pretty easy to get in; just bribe the guards with cigarettes.

v.: frustrate: to make sb feel annoyed or impatient because they can’t do or achieve what they want

?I don’t mind working overtime or getting little pay; what f rustrates me the most is that my effort is not recognized at all .

frustrated (at/ with sth) (adj.): feeling annoyed and impatient because you can’t do or achieve what you want

?They felt very frustrated at the lack of progress.

?I don’t feel angry any more;I’m just frustrated.

adj.: frustrating

?It’s just frustrating not being able to help.

n. frustration:

?It can be often seen in the drama that the hero would hit the wall in frustration when the heroine got hurt and he couldn’t help.

?Don’t try to justify your mistakes.

discredit (v.): to make people stop believing that sth is true; to make sth appear unlikely to be true

These theories are now largely discredited among linguistics.

A discredited party is not worthy of respecting.

core (n.): the most important or central part of sth

?Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies .

superior (to sb/sth) (adj.): (disapproving) showing by your behavior that you think you are better than others; better in quality than sb/ sth else; greater than sb/sth else;

n.: superiority

?他總是顯得高高在上。

?He always looks so superior.

inferior (to sb/sth) (adj.): not as good as sb/ sth; of lower rank

n.: inferiority

?It’s really annoying that he tends to make others feel inferior.

?Born and raised in a rural village, she always has a sense of inferiority/ inferior complex.

the Holocaust: the killing of millions of Jews by the Nazis in the 1930s and 1940s 猶太人大屠殺

apartheid (1948~1994): the former political system in South Africa in which only white people had full political rights and other people, esp. black people, were forced to live away from white people, go to separate schools, etc.

南非種族隔離政策

Rwandan Genocide (April ~ June, 1994) 盧旺達種族大屠殺

Words & Phrases (Text C)

token (n.): something that is a symbol of a feeling, a fact, an event, etc.

? A white flag is a token of surrender.

?Please accept this small gift as a token of our gratitude/ appreciation/ apology.

nonetheless (adv.): (formal) despite this fact; SYN: nevertheless

?This book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.

?問題並不是很嚴重。但不管怎麼說，我們應該儘快解決。

?Problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we need to tackle them soon.

mandatory (adj.): (formal) required by law; SYN: compulsory

?It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus.

?這次會議必須參加。

?Attendance at the meeting is mandatory.

extraordinary (adj.): not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual

?an extraordinary achievement

?She is a woman of extraordinary beauty and talent.

outrage (v.): (often passive) to make sb very shocked and anger

?n. a strong feeling of shock and anger

?鐵道部發言人的發言引起眾怒。

?The remarks of the Spokesman of Railway Department caused public outrage.

stingy (adj.): (informal) not given or giving willingly; not generous, esp. with money; n. stinginess

?How stingy!

?Oh come on! Don’t be so stingy with the sugar!

take up (phr.v.): to start or begin sth such as a job

?He takes up his duties as a chief manager next week.

to learn or start to do sth, esp. for pleasure

?I’ve taken up Photo Shop recently.

evidently (adv.): clearly; that can be seen or understood easily; SYN: apparently; obviously

?She walked slowly down the road, evidently in pain.

?“I’m afraid I couldn’t finish the work last night” “Evidently not.”

succumb (to sth) (v.): to not be able to fight an attack, an illness, a temptations, etc.

?I’m so impressed that he never succumbed to caner!

?He was so insistent that I finally succumbed to his persuasion.

?他終於拜倒在了Lisa的石榴裙下。

?He finally succumbed to Lisa’s charms.

deem (v.): (formal) (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular opinion about sth; SYN: consider

?The presentation was deemed a great success.

?They would take any action deemed necessary.

in light of (idiom): after considering sth

?In the light of the fact that this might be your last English class in your life, please be more involved.

genuine (adj.): sincere and honest; that can be trusted

?She just always has that genuine smile.

?He was genuine in his desire to be a good doctor.

?Don’t blame yourself. At least you’ve made a genuine attempt to improve conditions.

presume (v.): to suppose that sth is true, although you do not have actual proof; n.: presumption

SYN: assume; assumption

?I’m planning on an outdoor lesson on the presumption that it’s not going to be too hot or rainy.

on the part of sb/ on sb’s part (idiom): made or done by sb

?It was an error on my part.

?There has never been any jealousy on the part of this innocent child.

a rain check: a ticket that can be used later if a game, show, etc. is cancelled because of rain

?A: Can you come over for dinner tonight?

?B: I’m up to my ears in work. I’ll take a rain check.

legacy (n.): a situation that exists now because of events, actions, etc. that took place in the past

?Future generations will be left with a legacy of pollution and destruction.

?There is a call for the awareness of the legacy of Cultural Revolution.

elicit (v.): (formal) to get information or a reaction from sb, often with difficulty

?I could elicit no response from him.

?Her tears elicited great sympathy from her audience.

integrity (n.): the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles

?personal/ professional/ artistic integrity

Paraphrases & Translation (Text C)

1.Not a lot, but a token of his appreciation nonetheless and not mandatory. (Line 1, Para. 2)

說人話：

It was not very much, but it was a way of showing that he is thankful, and he didn’t have to do it.

2.After all, returning money should not be considered extraordinary. (Line 2, Para. 2)

說人話：

The act of returning money is actually no big deal.

3.Evidently the virtues of honesty and kindness have become commodities that, like everything else, are succumb to

inflation. (Line 7, Para. 2)

說人話：

It is obvious that the qualities of being honest and kind have become goods that can be bought and sold. They are likely to increase continuously in price but fall in the value just the way everything else is.

很明顯，誠實與善良這些品德已經變成了商品，像其他任何東西一樣，也會受到通貨膨脹的影響。

4. A reward is a gift; any gift should at least be met with the presumption of genuine gratitude on the part of the giver.

(Last sentence, Para. 2)

說人話：

A reward is a present; people should assume and understand that any gift is the giver’s expression of sincere thanks.

一份酬謝就是一件禮物；任何一件禮物至少都應該被認為是出於贈與者的真誠感激之情。

5.It seems the role models our children look up to these days — in this case, teachers — are more confused and

misguided about values than their young charges. ( Line 1, Para. 3)

說人話：

It seems that teachers don’t know what are the important and right things to do, even their students know more than they do, although they’re supposed to be the role models for the children.

今天孩子們所景仰的做人表率——在這件事中就是那些教師——對價值觀念的模糊程度看來超過了他們教育的幼童。

6.The legacy of the 1980s has left us with the omnipresent question: what's in it for me? ( Line 5, Para. 3)

說人話：

The greed that was common in the 1980s has made us always wonder: what benefit can I get if I take action?

20世紀80年代的貪婪給我們留下了一個揮之不去的問題：做這個對我有什麼好處？

7.The promise of the golden rule — that someone might do a good turn for you someday — has become worthless

secondary for the social interactions of the mercenary and fast-paced society of the 1990s. ( Line 6, Para. 3)

說人話：

“That someone might do something good for your good behavior someday” used to be a golden rule, but is losing its value and looked down upon in the fast-paced world of the 1990s in which people are only interested in making money. 從前的為人準則所宣揚的“好人必有好報“, 在因勢利圖、節奏快速20世紀90年代社會變得一文不值。

8.Television makes history of events before any of us has even had a chance to absorb them in the first place. (Line 9,

Para. 3)

說人話：

Television turns the latest happenings into past events even before any of us can have a chance to get well-informed of these events first.

我們還來不及事先弄清楚重大事件的經過，電視的播放已將它們變成歷史了。

9.An ad for major-league baseball entice viewers with the reassurance that "the memories are waiting" — an event

that has yet to occur has already been packaged as the past. (Line 11, Para. 3)

說人話：

There’s an ad for a major-league baseball game. It attracts viewers with a promise that "the memories of the games are waiting for you". This is an event that has not yet taken place, but is already advertised as something of the past.

為了吸引觀眾，一則由職業體育總會主辦的棒球賽的廣告言之鑿鑿地說“等候你的是難忘回味”——還沒有發生的盛事就已經被包裝為過去。

10.With the world racing by us, we have no patience for a rain checked on good deeds. (Last Line, Para. 3)

說人話：

When everything in the world happens to us so fast, we have no patience to wait for someone to pay us back for our good actions.

世界從我們身邊飛馳而過，我們哪還有耐心等待有人對我們的善行做出回報。

11.But my praise is not meant to reward or elicit future achievements, but rather to express my genuine delight in the

satisfaction he feels at having done his best. (Line 3, Para. 4; P 193)

說人話：

I praise him not just because I want to draw future achievements from him, but more importantly, I want to let him know that because he feels satisfied with his own effort, I feel happy for him from the bottom of my heart.

但我的表揚並不意味著我獎勵或者促使他取得今後的成就，而是對他因自己盡了最大努力感到的滿意，表達出我真正的喜悅而已。

12.I fear that in our so-called upwardly mobile world we are on a downward spiral toward moral bankruptcy. (Line 5,

Para. 7)

說人話：

I'm afraid we are in a society where everyone is an eager social ladder climber, people are losing their moral values gradually until one day when they completely lack of virtues at all.

我擔心在我們這個所謂的不斷向上發展的社會，道德卻在走下坡路面臨崩壞。

13.We may soon render ourselves internally while desperately clinging to a shell of appearances. (Last sentence, Para.

7)

說人話：

We may soon make ourselves worthless inside, while trying so hard to maintain our outward integrity.

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