中医英语翻译常用词汇英汉对照
中草药Chinese medicinal herbs
中医术语翻译的国际标准与文化传承
中医术语翻译的国际标准与文化传承 近期，千华翻译公司翻译了一批中医文献，现将我们搜集的部分有用的资料共享如下： 2007年1O月，世界卫生组织(WH0)西太区颁布了《传统医学名词术语国际标准》(WHO International StandardTerminologies 011 Traditional Medicine in the Western PacificRegion)。这一标准的颁布，使得中医术语翻译的规范化进程向前迈出了坚实的一步。同时，这一标准也将有助于包括中医学在内的传统医学在世界范围内的推广和应用，因此被业内人士称为“传统医学发展的里程碑”。然而，从学科自身发展角度而言，这一新的国际术语标准并非一成不变，WHO有关官员表示在今后实践中将对此标准不断修改与完善，使术语的翻译能更准确地将中医文化体现出来。现从经络部分就中医术语的翻译和文化传承进行粗浅探索。 1 WH0西太区颁布的《传统医学名词术语国际标准》经络部分的翻译和文化传承 1．1 十二经脉的翻译与文化传承：十二经脉是结合脏腑、手足、阴阳三方面内容而命名的。WH0西太区颁布的《传统医学名词术语国际标准》中，将十二经脉的翻译如下：手太阴肺经：lung meridian(LU)；手阳明大肠经：large intestinemeridian(LI)；足阳明胃经：stomachmeridian(ST)；足太阴脾经：spleenmeridian(SP)；手少阴心经：heartmeridian(HT)；手太阳小肠经：small intestine meridian(SI)；足太阳膀胱经：bladdermeridian(BL)；足少阴。肾经：kidlleymeridian(KI)；手厥阴心包经：pericardium meridian(PC)；手少阳三焦经：triple energizer meridian(TE)；足少阳胆经：gallbladder meridian(GB)；足厥阴肝经：liver meridian(LR)。从上述翻译中可以看到，WH0西太区在翻译这些术语时，主要是由“脏腑名称”+“经脉名”构成。这种方法简便、方便交流，但这样翻译明显有遗漏。如“lung meridian(LU)”的翻译中，看不到“手太阴”的翻译。《灵枢·经脉》中对十二经脉的命名采用“脏／腑+手／足+阴／阳+脉”的形式命名。该命名形式，主要是在继承和保留“手／足+阴／阳+脉”格式的基础上，将脏腑名置于手足阴阳之前，增加了脏腑的元素，体现了经脉理论和脏腑理论的融合。所以，我们看到每一经脉的名称均依据分布于手足内外、所属脏器的名称和阴阳属性命名。为了准确、毫无遗漏的传递这些术语信息，笔者建议应以“脏或腑+经脉名称+of+手或者足+阴阳”的格式翻译，具体如下：手太阴肺经：lung meridian ofhand．taiyin(LU)；手阳明大肠经：large intestine meridian ofhand．yangming(LI)：足阳明胃经：stomach meridian offoot．yangming(ST)；足太阴脾经：spleen meridian of foot．taiyin(SP)；手少阴心经：heartmeridian ofhand．shaoyin(HT)：手太阳小肠经：small intestinemeridian ofhand．taiyang(SI)；足太阳膀胱经：bladder meridianof foot．taiyang(BL)：足少阴肾经：kidney meridian offoot．shaoyin(KI)；手厥阴心包经：pericardium meridian ofhand-jueyin(PC)；手少阳三焦经：sanjiao meridian ofhand．shaoyang(SJ)；足少阳胆经：gallbladder meridian offood—shaoyang(GB)：足厥阴肝经：livermeridian offood-jueyin(LR)。采用这样的格式英译十二经脉名，能够完整体现中医对十二经脉命名的全部信息。 另外，三焦的英译也与中医理论和传统文化不合。WHO西太区在《传统医学名词术语国际标准》将“手少阳三焦经”译为“triple energizer meridian(TE)’这里涉及一个很具有中医文化特色的术语“三焦”的翻译。三焦是一个特殊的“腑”，既是对人体胸腹部位及其所藏脏腑器官目的划分，又是对人体某些功能系统的概括。三焦分上、中、下三焦，主要
中医常用词汇英文翻译01
中医英语常用词汇英文翻译02 气化不利dysfunction of qi in transformation 畏寒喜热aversion to cold and preference for heat 气分热盛excessive heat at qi phase 气郁化热stagnation of qi transforming into heat
温养脏腑warming and nourishing the viscera 瘀血阻络blood stasis obstructing the collaterals 清肺润燥clearing the lung and moistening dryness 破瘀通经breaking blood stasis to promote menstruation 内伤头疼headache due to internal injury 祛瘀eliminating stasis, expelling stasis 逆传心包reverse transmission into the pericardium 气不摄血failure of qi to check the blood 宁心安神calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind 血液循行circulation of the blood 惊悸不安palpitation due to fright 气的运动形式the moving styles of qi 血液生成不足insufficient production of the blood 平肝止血soothing the liver to stop bleeding 血液亏虚deficiency of the blood 离经之血abnormal flow of the blood 津液的形状、功能与分布form, function, and distribution of the body fluid 气血生化之源source for the production and transformation of qi and blood 脉细无力thin and weak pulse 肌肤干燥dry skin 肌肤甲错squamous and dry skin 血脉调和流畅smooth and normal flow of the blood
中医英语术语翻译重点教学文案
中医英语术语翻译重 点
中医英语术语翻译重点 天人相应Correspondence of human body and natural environment 辨证论治treatment based onsyndrome differentiation 针灸acupuncture and moxibustion 寒凉药物herbs cold and cool in nature 滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire 整体观念concept of holism 开窍(of the five zang-organs) open into 生长化收藏sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store 同病异治different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease 异病同治same therapeutic method used to treating different diseases 从阴引阳drawing yang from yin 阴平阳秘balance of yin and yang 寒极生热extreme cold generating heat 热极生寒 extreme heat gernerating cold 病机总纲general rule of pathogenesis 祛风散寒eliminating wind and dispersing cold 实则泻之treating excess syndromes with reduction 虚寒证deficiency cold syndrome 实热症 excess heat syndrome 潜阳熄风suppressing yang and eliminating wind 补其不足 supplement insufficiency 泻其有余 reduce excess 五行学说the theory of five elements 木曰曲直wood characterized by bending and straightening 火曰炎上fire characterized by flaring up 土爰稼穑earth characterized by sowing and reaping 金曰从革metal characterized by clearing and changing 水曰润下water characterized by moistening and descending 母病及子illness of mother viscera affecting the child one 子病及母illness of child viscera affecting the mother one 相乘相侮over restriction and counter-restriction 心火亢盛exuberant fire in the heart 肾阳式微declination of kidney yang 平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 水火不济between water and fire 奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs 藏象学说the theory of visceral manifestation 藏而不泻storage without discharge 泻而不藏discharge without storage 形体诸窍physical build and various orifices
中医英语答案1到4单元
第一课 一．术语翻译 1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM 中国医药学 2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医基础理论 3. clinical experience临床经验 4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation 辨证论治 5. miscellaneous diseases杂病 6. Chinese pharmacy 中药学 7. four properties and five tastes/flavors四气五味 8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox 针灸 9. classical Chinese philosophy古代中国哲学 10. sweating therapy; diaphoresis汗法 11. purgation 下法 12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy 吐法 13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth补土派 14. etiology 病因学 15. prescription; formula 方剂 16. medical practice 医疗实践 17. therapeutic principles 治疗原则 18. herbs cold and cool in nature 寒凉药物 19. nourishing yin and reducing fire滋阴降火 20. diseases caused by blood stagnation瘀血致病 二．句子翻译 1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases. 中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。 2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system. 中医学有完整独特的理论体系。 3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases. 中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生发展和防治规律的一门科学。 4. Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。 5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore. 《难经》在许多方面，尤其是在脉学上，补充了《黄帝内经》的不足。 6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China. 《诸病源候论》是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著。 7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient. 阳常有余，阴常不足。 8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.
中医常用词汇英文翻译02
中医英语常用词汇英文翻译02 来源：医学全在线更新：2008-10-6 医学英语论坛 气化不利dysfunction of qi in transformation 畏寒喜热aversion to cold and preference for heat 气分热盛excessive heat at qi phase 气郁化热stagnation of qi transforming into heat 温养脏腑warming and nourishing the viscera 瘀血阻络blood stasis obstructing the collaterals 清肺润燥clearing the lung and moistening dryness 破瘀通经breaking blood stasis to promote menstruation 内伤头疼headache due to internal injury 祛瘀eliminating stasis, expelling stasis 逆传心包reverse transmission into the pericardium 气不摄血failure of qi to check the blood
宁心安神calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind 血液循行circulation of the blood 惊悸不安palpitation due to fright 气的运动形式the moving styles of qi 血液生成不足insufficient production of the blood 平肝止血soothing the liver to stop bleeding 血液亏虚deficiency of the blood 离经之血abnormal flow of the blood 津液的形状、功能与分布form, function, and distribution of the body fluid 气血生化之源source for the production and transformation of qi and blood 脉细无力thin and weak pulse 肌肤干燥dry skin 肌肤甲错squamous and dry skin 血脉调和流畅smooth and normal flow of the blood
中医英语翻译重点
中医英语翻译句子翻译重点 1.由于证包括了病变的部位、原因、性质以及邪正关系，反映出疾病发展过程中某一阶段的病理变化的本质，因而它比症状更全面、更深刻、更正确地揭示了疾病的本质。 Since syndrome, covering the location, cause and nature of disease and conditions of healthy and pathogenic qi, indicates the nature of pathological changes in a phase during the disease progress, it more comprehensively, profoundly and correctly uncovers the nature of disease than symptom does. 2.所谓辨证，就是将四诊（望、闻、问、切）所收集的资料、症状和体征，通过分析、综合、辨清疾病的原因、性质、部位以及邪正之间的关系，概括、判断为某种性质的证。 The so-called syndrome differentiation refers to the process of figuring out the location, cause and nature of disease and conditions of healthy and pathogenic qi by analyzing the information, symptoms and signs of the patients collected by four examinations including inspection, listening and smelling examination, inquiry and palpation, and finally identifying the disease as a certain syndrome. 3.辨证和论治，是诊治疾病过程中相互关系不可分割的两个方面，是理论和实践相结合的体现，是理法方药在临床上的具体体现，是指导中医临床工作的基本原则。 Syndrome differentiation and treatment, correlated and inseparable in diagnosing and treating disease, show the combination of theory and practice, and application of principles, methods, formulas and medicinals to clinical practice, and serve as the fundamental principle to guide clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. 4.阴阳学说认为，世界是物质性的整体，世界本身是阴阳二气对立统一的结果。
中医术语英文翻译对照表
中医术语英文翻译对照表 治则 principle of treatment 在对临床的具体立法、处方、用药等具有普遍的指导意义，因而在治疗疾病时必须遵循的基本原则。 治病求本 treatment aiming at its pathogenesis 针对产生疾病的根本原因进行治疗的原则。 急则治标 symptomatic treatment in acute condition 与缓则治本相对而言，在大出血、暴泻、剧痛等标症甚急的情况，及时救治标病 缓则治本 radical treatment in chronic case 与急则治标相对而言，针对病势缓和、病情缓慢的情况，从本病的病机出发，采取调理、补益为主的治疗原则。标本兼治 treating both manifestation and root cause of disease 针对病证出现的标本并重的情况，采用治标与治本相结合的治疗原则。 治未病 preventive treatment of disease 采取一定的措施防止疾病产生和发展的治疗原则，包括未病先防和既病防变两个方面。 同病异治 treating same disease with different methods 表现相同的病证，可因人、因时、因地的不同，或由于病情的发展、病机的变化、病型的各异、正邪消长等差异，采取不同治法的治疗原则。 异病同治 treating different diseases with same method 表现不同的病证，由于发病机理相同，采取相同治法的治疗原则。 因时制宜 treatment in accordance with seasonal conditions 考虑到时令气候寒热燥湿的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因地制宜 treatment in accordance with local conditions 考虑到地域环境的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因人制宜 treatment in accordance with the patient's individuality 考虑到病人的体质、性别、年龄、生活习惯以及过去病史等个体差异性的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 扶正祛邪 strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factor 对于正虚为主、因虚致实的病证，应采取扶助正气为主，使正气加强，从而达到驱除病邪目的的治疗原则。 祛邪扶正 eliminating pathogen and strengthening vital qi 对于邪气实而正气偏虚的病证，应采用以消除病邪为主，扶助正气为辅，使邪去正安或正复的治疗原则。 扶正固本 strengthening body resistance 对于正气亏虚的病证，采用培补正气以愈病的治疗原则。 攻补兼施 reinforcement and elimination in combination 对于虚实夹杂，或虚实病情相当，可采用既祛邪又培补，即攻邪与扶正并重的治疗原则。 正治法 orthodox treatment 又称“逆治法”。 针对疾病的本质，从正面进行治疗，即逆病性而治的常规方法。 寒者热之 treating cold syndrome with hot natured drugs 针对寒性的病证应使用温热方药进行治疗的原则。 热者寒之 treating heat syndrome with cold natured drugs 针对热性的病证应使用寒凉方药进行治疗的原则。 虚者补之 treating deficiency syndrome with tonifying method 又称“虚则补之”。
最全中医术语英文大全
[学科] 中医①traditional Chinese medicine②traditional Chinese physician ①中医学的简称。 ②本学科专业职业队伍。 中药Chinese materia medica 在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。 中医学traditional Chinese medicine 以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。 中药学Chinese materia medica 中药学科的统称。研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。 中医药traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 本草：Materia medica 中药：Chinese materia medica，Chinese medicinals(包括植物药、动物药、矿物药等） 中草药：Chinese Herbal Medicine,Chinese medicinal herbs 中药学：Chinese pharmaceutics 药材：Medicinal substance(material) 中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine 中医基础理论basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医诊断学diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine 方剂学 prescriptions of Chinese materia medica， Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae/ prescriptions 中医内科学internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine [阴阳]The Theory of Yin and Yang 阴阳对立：Opposition of yin and yang 阴阳制约：Restriction of /between yin and yang 阴阳互根：Interdependence of yin and yang 阴阳消长：Waxing and waning of yin and yang 阴阳转化：Inter-transformation of yin and yang [五行学说]The Theory of Five Elements 五行：water，fire，wood，metal，soil 生：promote, generate, engender 克：act, restrict, restrain 乘：overact, over-restrict, over-restrain, subjugate, overwhelm 侮：counteract, counter-restrict, counter-restrain, rebel [整体观念] concept of organic wholeness 辩证法dialectics 生长化收藏sprouting, growth，transformation，ripening，storage 内外环境统一性the unity between the internal and external environments 机体自身整体性the integrity of the body itself 古代唯物论和辩证法classic Chinese materialism and dialectics 矛盾统一the contradictory unity 互相联系、相互影响related to each other and influence each other
中医术语英文翻译对照表
中医术语英文翻译对照表 治则在对临床的具体立法、处方、用药等具有普遍的指导意义，因而在治疗疾病时必须遵循的基本原则。 治病求本针对产生疾病的根本原因进行治疗的原则。 急则治标与缓则治本相对而言，在大出血、暴泻、剧痛等标症甚急的情况，及时救治标病 缓则治本与急则治标相对而言，针对病势缓和、病情缓慢的情况，从本病的病机出发，采取调理、补益为主的治疗原则。标本兼治针对病证出现的标本并重的情况，采用治标与治本相结合的治疗原则。 治未病采取一定的措施防止疾病产生和发展的治疗原则，包括未病先防和既病防变两个方面。 同病异治表现相同的病证，可因人、因时、因地的不同，或由于病情的发展、病机的变化、病型的各异、正邪消长等差异，采取不同治法的治疗原则。 异病同治表现不同的病证，由于发病机理相同，采取相同治法的治疗原则。 因时制宜考虑到时令气候寒热燥湿的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因地制宜考虑到地域环境的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因人制宜 's 考虑到病人的体质、性别、年龄、生活习惯
以及过去病史等个体差异性的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 扶正祛邪对于正虚为主、因虚致实的病证，应采取扶助正气为主，使正气加强，从而达到驱除病邪目的的治疗原则。 祛邪扶正对于邪气实而正气偏虚的病证，应采用以消除病邪为主，扶助正气为辅，使邪去正安或正复的治疗原则。 扶正固本对于正气亏虚的病证，采用培补正气以愈病的治疗原则。 攻补兼施对于虚实夹杂，或虚实病情相当，可采用既祛邪又培补，即攻邪与扶正并重的治疗原则。 正治法又称“逆治法”。 针对疾病的本质，从正面进行治疗，即逆病性而治的常规方法。寒者热之针对寒性的病证应使用温热方药进行治疗的 原则。 热者寒之针对热性的病证应使用寒凉方药进行治疗的 原则。 虚者补之又称“虚则补之”。 针对虚弱性的病证应采用补益方药进行治疗的原则。 实者泻之又称“实则泻之”。 针对性质属实的病证应采用攻泻方药进行治疗的原则。 反治法又称“从治法”。 针对疾病出现假象，或大寒证、大热证用正治法发生格拒的情况，
中医英语翻译
中国医药学：traditi onal Chines e me dicin e 中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 临床经验:clinical experience 辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation 本草:materia medica国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。 TCM, a medical system with a history of thousands years，has summarized the experience of the Chinese people accumulating in the struggle against diseases. 2.中医学在古代唯物论和辩证法思想的影响和指导下，通过长期的医疗实践，逐步形成并发展为独特的医学理论体系。 Under the influence and guidance of classical Chinese materialism and dialectics,tradition Chinese medicine has eventually evolved into a medical system with unique theory through long term medical practice. 3.中医学是研究人体生理病理以及疾病的诊断和防 治的一门科学。 Tradition Chinese medicine is a science focusing on the study of the physiology and pathology of the human body as well as the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease. 4.黄帝内经总结了春秋战国以来的医疗成就和治疗 经验，确立了中医学独特的理论体系，成为中医药学发展的基础。 The Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine has summed up the medical achievements and clinical experiences since the Spring-Autumn Period and Warring States ，establishing the unique theoretical system of TCM and laying the foundation for the development of TCM 5.难经内容十分丰富，补充了内经的不足，成为后 世指导临床实践的理论基础。 The Canon on Medical Problems is rich in content, supplementing what the Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine lacks and serving as the theoretical basis for the clinical practice of the latter generations 6.阴常有余，阳常不足。 Yang is frequently in excess while yin is often in deficiency 7.温病是研究四时温病的发生发展规律以及其诊治 方法的一门临床学科。 Epedemic febrile disease is a clinical specialty concentrating on the study of the occurrence , developing tendency , diagnosis and treatment of febrile diseases in the four seasons. 8.中医在其长期的发展过程中，形成了各家学说In its long course of development, TCM has developed into various schools of theories. 9.内伤脾胃，百病由生。 The interior impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about the occurrence of various diseases. 10.中药不但包含有草药，而且包含有矿物药和动物 药等。 Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs but also minerals and animal parts. 1.中医学在其形成过程中受到了古代唯物论和辩证 法思想的深刻影响。 During the long course of its development and practice , tradition Chinese medicine has been under the influence of classical Chinese materialism and dialectics. 2.中医学认为，世界是物质的，是阴阳二气相互作 用的结果 Tradition Chinese medicine holds that the world is material and is the result of the interaction of yin and yang 3.天地合气，命之曰人 The existence of human beings depends on the interaction between the celestial qi and terrestrial qi 4.中医学认为精气是生命的本原物质，这种精气先 身而生，具有遗传性 According to tradition Chinese medicine, essence is the essential substance for life. Such an essential substance exists prior to the formation of the body and is hereditary 5.父母之精气相合，形成胚胎发育的原始物质The combination of the parental essence is the primary substance for the formation of fetus 人体各组织器官共处于统一体中，不论在生理上还 是在病理上都是相互联系相互影响的All the tissues and organs in the human body are in a unity which associate with each other and influence each other both physiologically and pathologically 疾病是可以认识的，也是可以防治的 Diseases are cognizable, preventable and curable. 治病必须抓住疾病的根本矛盾，即所谓的治病必求 于本The treatment of disease must focus on the root cause. That is what “the treatment of disease must concentrate on the principal aspect “ means 寒者热之，热者寒之，虚者补之，实者泻之 Cold disease should be treated by warm therapy, while febrile disease should be treated by cold therapy, deficiency syndrome should be treated by supplementing therapy, while excess syndrome should be treated by purgative therapy 人是自然界的一个组成部分，并与自然界有着密切 的联系 Human being is one of the components in nature and keeps close relationship with nature 人的生命活动过程就是人体阴阳对立双方在不断地 矛盾运动中取得统一的过程 The process of life activity is a course in which yin and yang in the human body realize unity after constant contradictory movement 1.中医理论体系的基本特点就是整体观念和辨证论 治TCM is characterized by the concept of organic wholeness and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. 2.中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体 Tradition Chinese medicine holds that the human body is an organic whole. 3.人体各组成部分在功能上相互为用，在病理上相 互影响The components of human body functionally depend on each other and pathologically affect each other 4.整体观念贯穿于中医生理病理诊法辩证和治疗的 各个方面 The concept of holism permeates through all the fields in TCM, including physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment. 5.人体某一局部区域内的病理变化往往与全身脏腑 气血阴阳的盛衰有关 The pathological changes in certain part or region of the human body are usually related to the conditions of viscera, qi and blood as well as yin and yang in the whole body 6.人体内部脏腑的虚实气血的盛衰和津液的盈亏都 可呈现于舌The condition of the viscera, qi , blood and body fluid all can be manifested over the tongue 7.心开窍于舌并与小肠相表里 The heart opens into the tongue and is exteriorly and interiorly related to the small intestine 8.人与天地相应 The human beings are in correspondence with the universe 9.春夏脉多浮大，秋冬脉多沉小 In the spring and summer, the pulse appears floating and large, while in the autumn and winter, the pulse appears deep and small 10.人体阳气白天多趋于表，夜晚多趋于里 The yang-qi in the human body tends to flow in the exterior in daytime and in the interior at night
中医常用词汇英文翻译
中医常用词汇英文翻译01
中医英语常用词汇英文翻译02 气化不利dysfunction of qi in transformation 畏寒喜热aversion to cold and preference for heat 气分热盛excessive heat at qi phase
气郁化热stagnation of qi transforming into heat 温养脏腑warming and nourishing the viscera 瘀血阻络blood stasis obstructing the collaterals 清肺润燥clearing the lung and moistening dryness 破瘀通经breaking blood stasis to promote menstruation 内伤头疼headache due to internal injury 祛瘀eliminating stasis, expelling stasis 逆传心包reverse transmission into the pericardium 气不摄血failure of qi to check the blood 宁心安神calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind 血液循行circulation of the blood 惊悸不安palpitation due to fright 气的运动形式the moving styles of qi 血液生成不足insufficient production of the blood 平肝止血soothing the liver to stop bleeding