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上海翻译Shanghai Journal Translators 20o6 No.3

汉英谚语句型比较研究与翻译

袁良平(浙江树人大学语言学院,浙江杭州310015)

[摘要】本文比较研究汉英谚语的句型,试图找出某些对应关系,以便在汉英谚语互译时作参照。研究结果表明,在分析

语法和逻辑关系的前提下,汉英谚语的旬型有一定的对应性,在互译时可相互替换。使用目的语的谚语句型翻译谚语,

不仅能使译文谚语读起来像目的语的谚语,并能提高译者在翻译谚语时使用目的语谚语句型的意识。

[关键词】谚语;句型;比较研究;翻译

[中图分类号】H 315.9 [文献标识码】B [文章编号】1672.9358(2006)03.0054-03

谚语是民间语用艺术开出的山花,是民族各种

实践经验凝聚的智慧结晶。它通过以口碑的形式在

民间广泛地流传,持久地沿用,以说知识讲道理为主

旨。它是风格通俗、结构凝练、语感生动、语貌定型

的韵语或短句。(武占坤,2000:6)这个定义概括了

谚语的基本特征,包括谚语的成因、谚语存在的方

式、谚语的功能和寿命、谚语的语义内容和语言形式

及语体风格等各个方面的特点。

对于谚语句式“语貌定型的韵语或短句”的结

论,不少谚语研究者也都有相同的看法。1)句子的

完整性(温端政,1985:12;孙维张,1989:325);2)句式

的定型性(温端政,1985:93;王勤,1980:1;王德春,

2003:1)。国外研究者对英语谚语在句式结构上的

研究,也得出相同的结论:“?proverbs are consistently

described as se~-contained,pithy,traditional expressions

with didactic contents and fixed poetic form.”(Norrick,

1985:31)这里,self-contained和fixed poetic form ,即是

“句子完整”和“语貌定型的韵语或短句”之意。

对谚语的研究,一般较多的是从谚语的民族性、

谚语的源流、谚语的本质、谚语的类型、谚语的功能

等方面加以研究,中外著述都较丰富。但本文研究

谚语的语言表达形式,观察和研究汉英丽种语言中

谚语的常用句型,并加以比较,以有助于谚语的翻

译,尤其是汉语谚语的英译。谚语句子的完整性和

固定性,为句型的比较研究提供了必要的条件。

、谚语分类

从语义上看,谚语有三种类型:一是字面意义

和实际意义相一致,字面意义就是本义;二是字面意

义和实际意义不一致,字面意义是表层意义,实际意

义是本义;三是具有两个实际意义,一个与字面意义

一致,是本义,另一个是派生义。

1)字面意义与实际意义一致的谚语:

汉语谚语:初交凭衣冠,久交凭学识。

On first contact,one’S impression of a

depends Oil clothing;after long acquaintance,

assessment is based on knowledge.

英语谚语:A mall is as old as he feels,

woman as old as she looks.

pe rson

0ne s

an d a

男人老不老,自己能感到;女人老不老,一看就

知道。

2)字面意义与实际意义不一致的谚语:

汉语谚语:笨鸟先飞。

A clumsy bird has to fly first.(1iteral translation)

The slow need to start early an d work harder.

(figurative translation)

在上述这个汉语谚语中,鸟主要起比喻作用,整

个谚语的字面意义只是表层意义,其深层意义在其

比喻意义,即它们的figurative translation的意义。

英语中也有这样的谚语:

W hen one door shuts an other opens.

一个门关了,另一个门就开了。(1iteral

translation)

天无绝人之路。(figurative translation)

3)有两个实际意义,即本义和派生意义:

汉语谚语:捆绑不成夫妻。

One can not bind a mall an d a wonlan together to

make them husband and wife.(1iteral translation)

Force alone cannot accomplish anything.(figurative

translation)

[收稿日期】2006.o2.14

【作者筒介】袁良平(1964一),女,浙江树人大学语言学院剐教授,研究方向:翻译理论与跨文化交际。

·54 ·

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“捆绑不成夫妻””也是有实际意义的。但还有

其派生意义(figurative translation)。

英语谚语:When the cat is away the mice will play.

猫儿不在,耗子成精。(1iteral translation)

上司不在。下属自在。(figurative translation)

就翻译而言,句型的比较只有两者可直译而又

能表达本义和派生意义时,这样的比较才有意义。

这就是说,不管是汉语谚语或是英语谚语,如果其本

义就是其实际意义(即第一种类型),或者其本义具

有实际意义,尽管还有其一两个派生意义(即第三种

类型),翻译中的句型比较才有意义。而第二种类型

的谚语,一般只能意译,直译出来无法让译文读者理解;而意译的句式,选择的自由度就大了,因此,英谚和汉谚之间的句型。就不具可比性。以下对汉英谚

语典型句型的搜集和比较,只限于第一类和第三类

谚语中的第一种情况。同时,我们把汉英,英汉谚语互相替代的翻译法,也排除在我们的研究范围之外。那不是形式(句型)的互相套用,而是意义的互相套

用。例如,用英语谚语替代汉语谚语:

趁热打铁。Strike while the iron is hot.

有志者事竞成。Where there’S a will,there’S a way·

用汉语谚语代替英语谚语:

A word spoken is past recalling.一言既出。驷马难

追。

What is done by night appears by day.若要人不

知,除非己莫为。

二、句型比较

我们的研究方法是:首先观察典型的英语谚语

的主要句型,并总结出30多大类,每个大类中都有

一个或几个变形的句型。然后与汉语谚语英译的句

型相比较,或者套用相应的英谚句型来翻译。汉语

谚语英译的例子主要取自ABC DictiDnary of Chinese Proverbs。该辞典对每个汉语谚语都给出了literal translation和figurative translation,为句型比较提供了素材。我们对其中的个别译文在套用英谚句型时略

作修改。如汉谚“没有不透风的墙”,原译为:There is no wall which does not have a crack.我们改译时套

用英谚There is no?without?的句型,译为:1here

is no wall without a crack.此句甚至可改译为:There is no wall without ears.这样翻译更能使英语民族的读者联想起英谚Walls have ears.(隔墙有耳。)

由于篇幅有限,我们不可能在此对30余大类的

英谚句型都与汉谚英译的句型作全面的比较。这

里,我们选出5大类比较典型的英谚句型与汉谚英

译的句型作比较,以见一斑。以下EP=English Proverb;CP = Chinese Proverb :CT = Chinese Translation;ET=English Translation。

1)Better(Rather)...than.../...more than...句型:

EP:Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.

CT:宁为鸡口,不为牛后。

CP:宁可站着死,不可跪着生。

ET:(It is)better to die standing than to live kneeling.

2)Don’t?before/till/until句型:

EP:Don’t cross the bridge tin you come to it.

CT:船到桥头自然直。

CP:矮子面前,莫说短话。

ET:Don’t talk about shortness in front of short

pe ople.

3)He who?;Those one?;One who/He that?

句型

EP:Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.

CT:家居玻璃房,切忌乱扔石。(已有过,勿正人。)

CP:来者不善,善者不来。

ET:Th ose who come are not good,and those who are good don’t come.

4)If?句型:

EP:If there were no clouds,we should not enjoy

the sun.

CT:不知道苦,就不知道甜。

CP:若要精,人前听。

ET:If you want to be wi se ,listen more to other people.

5)There is no...without...句型:

EP:Th ere is no wheat without chaf.

CT:没有苦哪有甜。

CP:没有不透风的墙。

ET:Th ere is no wall without a crack.

众所周知,汉语句子采用意合手段,英语句子采

用形合手段。因此,在寻找汉语谚语句型与英语谚语句型对应时,首先要分析汉语谚语句式的深层结构和逻辑关系。比如说,下面的汉语谚语句式的深·55 ·

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层结构是假设关系,就可套用英语假设关系的句型。好汉不打不相识。If two heroes neverfight they

can never know each other well enough to be friends.时间关系:吃水不忘挖井人。When drinking water,don’t forget those who dug the wel1.

转折关系:大处着眼,小处着手。Always keep

the whole picture in mind,but carry out the immediate

tasks detail by detail.

条件关系:只要功夫深,铁杵磨成针。With

enough hard work,an iron rod can be ground down into a needle.

因果关系:路不平,众人踩。If the road is

uneven,people wil trample it flat.

目的关系:养兵千日用兵一时。One maintains

an army for a thousand days in order to use it just once.

其次,一些表层结构相同的汉语谚语,可能有不

同的深层结构,英译时需要用不同的英语句型,例如

汉语的复合谚语。现仅举常用四词组形式为例:从

表层结构看,似乎都一样,但两个词组各自的内部深

层结构不同,其组合的关系,更是多种多样的。因

此,翻译时首先得分析汉语句式的深层结构,然后用

不同的英语句型进行翻译。例如:

换金如金,换玉如玉。One who is close to gold

is like gold and one who is close to jade is like jade.

病从口入,祸从口出。Illness enters via the

mout}1.an d ils come out of it.

好借好还,再借不难。Return what you borrow promptly an d you wi l be welcome to borrow again.

英语句子的形式与内容有时也是矛盾的,即不

同的表层结构,具有同样的深层结构。如Move a

step forward,and you are a dead mal1.此句的表层结构是并列句,但其深层结构则是假设句,即相当于Ⅱ

you move a step forward,I’I shoot you.因此,同一个汉语谚语,翻译时可以套用具有同样深层结构的不同

的英语句型(即不同的英语表层结构)。例如,假设

关系:

坐吃山空。

If one sits idle,one will eat away a mountain of wealth.

Sit idle,an d one wil eat away a mountain of

wealth.

爱饭有饭,惜衣有衣。

Those who tl哪ure their food wiI always have food

and those who take care of their clothing wiI always have ·56 ·

clothes to weal".

One wil always have enough to eat an d weal"if one treasures his food and clothes.

因此,一个汉语谚语,在上下文中,根据不同的

文体和翻译的目的,可以采用不同的英语句型。如:

来说是非者,便是是非人。

W ho chatters to you wi ll chatter of you

He who chatters to you is one who wi l chatter of

you·

好汉做事好汉当。

Wh at a hero does,a hem bears the consequences

0f.

A hero should be ar the consequ ences of what he

does.

三、结论

汉语和英语谚语的句型虽然都比较固定,但相

比之下,由于汉语句子连接采用意合的手段,汉语谚

语的句型相对来说较为复杂,而英语句型则较为容

易识别。但不管怎么说,如果在翻译谚语时有英汉

谚语的句型意识,那么,如果把汉语谚语译成英语,

如果可能,就套用英语谚语的句型。这样,不仅达到

风格上的对等,而且也更容易为英语读者所接受。

反之,如果把英语谚语译成汉语,用汉语读者所喜闻

乐见的汉语句式来翻译,也能起到相应的效果。事

实上,许多英语谚语由于成功地使用了汉语谚语的

常用句型,已完全融人了汉语日常用语中,有时甚至

分不出原是汉语谚语,还是英语谚语的汉译。例如:

Absence makes the heart grow fonder.久别情深。

Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。

He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后,谁笑

得最好。

参考文献:

[1] 孙维张.汉语熟语学[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,1989.

[2] 温端政.谚语[M】.北京:商务印书馆,1985.

[3] 王德春,杨素英,黄月园.汉英谚语与文化[M].上海:

上海外语教育出版社,2003.

[4] 王勤.谚语歇后语概论[M].1980.

[5] 武占昆.中华谚谣研究[M].石家庄:河北大学出版

社,2OOO.

[6] Norrick,Neal R.How Proverbs Mean.New York:Mouton.1985.

[7] Rohsnow,John S.ABC Dictionary oy Chinese Proverbs.University of Hawaii Press,Honolulu,2002.

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1.早睡早起有益于健康。(do good to) 2.乘车时你有主动给老人让座的习惯吗?(offer) 3.就我所知,在那座小城市里购物很方便。(as far as) 4.他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。(regret) 5.到目前为止,我们学过的英语单词总计大约有三千五百个。(add up to)6.学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱,患难朋友才是真朋友。(realize) 2001上海高考 1. 我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样那个强大。(Never) 2. 我们将作进一步的讨论,然后再作出最终的结论。(before) 3. 据说在那个湖底发现了一个古城遗址。(discover) 4. 这个地区的经济发展得很快,可使某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality) 5. 他们应该从这件事中得出教训,玩火者必自焚。(burn)

上海高考英语翻译句型总结汇总

not …until…/ Not until…/ It was not until…that 1.直到会议快要结束时他才露面。(show up) 2.直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。(prevent) 3.直到那时他才意识到他的老师是非常善解人意的。(considerate) 4.可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。 5.直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。(relieve) The more…the more.. 1.你的词汇量越大,你就感到用英语写作越容易。(feel it + adj. to do ) 2.人们普遍认为,用脑越多,思维就越活跃。( it is generally believed that ) 3.问题发现得越早,解决起来越容易。 4.问题越难,我越有可能能够解决他们。(likely) 5.我们学习得越多,将来就越能为我们国家工作的越好。 6.你练习讲英语越多,就越对你有好处。(do sb good) 7.我们经常讨论的一个问题是:是否钱越多越幸福。 8.相对而言,孩子与父母交流越多,越不可能感到忧郁。(suffer from) No matter how / however + adj. / adv. + S + V 1. 不管这个新体系有多复杂,我们还是要用它。(complicated) 2.无论社会发展得多快,这个传统应该代代相传。(pass on) 3.无论他如何努力,他似乎永远学不好物理。 4.不管我们有多忙,下星期我们一定会举行一次欢送会向那些退休工人们表示敬意。(in honor of) 5.不管天有多晚,他从不把今天必须做的事拖到明天。(put off) 6. 如果我们以一种强烈的意志工作,我们能够克服任何的困难,无论这个困难有多大。Adj. / adv. / n. / v. + as / though + S + V 1.虽然他很聪明,但他不愿把全部时间用在学习上。(devote…to) 2.他很累,但他还是工作到深夜。(work late into…) 3.虽然他是个孩子,但对于这个世界他了解很多。 4.虽然我敬佩他作为一个作家,但我不喜欢他作为一个人。(admire) Hardly / scarcely / barely…when no sooner …than 1.我刚到家,电话铃就响了。 2.他一到实验室,就开始做实验。(set out) 3.这男孩刚打开电脑,他父亲就回家了,叫他做功课。 4.他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告诉他父母。(can't wait…) 1.Not until the meeting was almost over did he show up. th century did people learn how to prevent the disease from Not until the beginning of the 202. spreading. 3.Not until then did he realize that his teacher was very considerate / thoughtful / 1 understanding.

上海往年高考英语真题-(翻译部分)

2018年6月高考英语上海卷翻译部分 1.他们中谁可能担任过排球教练?(may) 【考点】may have done 【词汇】担任——be;work as;serve as。 排球教练——volleyball coach(trainer也可以,但球队教练一般用coach) 或用动词:coach a volleyball team 【难点】她们“中”:among/of them 参考译文:Who among them may have coached a volleyball team? 2.我看到他换上徒步鞋,走向草坪。(make for) 【考点】see sb. do sth.(或可用从句see that...) 【词汇】换上——change into;put on 徒步鞋——hiking/trekking/walking boots/shoes (hiking/trekking较地道) 草坪——lawn/green belt;meadow/grassland(一般指草场、牧场) 【难点】“换上”、“走去”两个动词的处理:and并列。参考译文:I saw him change into hiking boots and walk toward the lawn.

3.妈妈给自己设闹钟六小时响一次,以提醒她为宝宝量体温。(reminder) 【考点】as a reminder to do/of sth./that... 【词汇】设置闹钟六个小时响一次——set the alarm clock to ring every six hours 【难点】“提醒自己”用名词表达:a reminder for herself 参考译文:Mom sets the alarm clock to ring every six hours as a reminder for herself to take the baby’s temperature. 4.在这个村庄,他们吃饭只吃八分i饱,但这个健康的饮食习惯最开始是为了解决食物短缺。(until) 【考点】until可以用在“eat until they are satisfied”;或keep the habit...until they have abundant food 【词汇】八分饱——eat 30% less;leave off with an appetite;(not)eat until they are full等 应对……困境——cope with/deal with/respond to;或介词against/in reaction to/in response to... 每餐——for every single meal;each meal 【难点】防止冗余的翻译:如deal with the lack of food(缺少食物的困境);healthy eating habit、或healthy diet(健康的饮食习惯);(通常每餐吃八分饱) 参考译文:People in this village usually eat until they are satisfied,

(完整版)2019年上海高考英语一模翻译汇编.doc

2019 年高三一模翻译汇编 1.上海市黄浦区 2019 年高三英语一模翻译 72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant) 73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) 74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平,同各国人民友好相处。(long for) 75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究,也值得整个社会群策群力,共商对策。(which) 72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’ s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries. /Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. 75.The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 2.上海市普陀区 2019 年高三英语一模翻译 72.晚上别喝太多的咖啡,会睡不着觉的。(or) 73.事实证明,保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。(It) 74.乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光,因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。(create) 75.追求稳定并不是什么坏事,很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。 ( when) 72. Don’ t drink too much coffee at night, or you won ’ t be able to sleep. 1 0.5 0.5 1 73. It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 0.5 1 1 0.5 74. Optimistic people don ’ t miss the good old days too much. 1 1 0.5 75. The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (, and 0.5)

上海高考英语翻译精华100题中文

上海高考英语翻译精华100题中文 1. 冬天来了,春天还会远吗,(arrive) ____________________________________________________________________ _______ 2. 说实在的,我对物理期终考试的结果有点担心。(worry) ____________________________________________________________________ _______ 3. 我一生中从未尝试过这么美味可口的食物。(Never) ____________________________________________________________________ _______ 4. 他设法找到三种解这道数学题的方法。(manage) ____________________________________________________________________ _______ 5. 她似乎已了解那件事的一切。(learn) ____________________________________________________________________ _______ 6. 说起中国,大多数外国人想到的是万里长城。(talk) ____________________________________________________________________ _______ 7. 无论多忙,我每天晚上要看电视晚间新闻。(watch) ____________________________________________________________________ _______ 8. 他希望从此以后没人再提那件事了。(mention) ____________________________________________________________________ _______ 9. 这取决于你的决心有多大。(depend) ____________________________________________________________________ _______ 10. 你从这吃饭的错误中得到什么教训,(learn) 1 11. 三天后是我父亲的生日,我打算去预定一只大蛋糕。(place v.)

2019-2020年整理上海高考英语翻译200句(高考复习)附答案汇编

上海地区高考翻译强化训练200句 1?我忘了通知他这么重要的决定,这是我的错。(inform) 2?令我惊讶的是,在美国最受欢迎的餐馆是中国餐馆。(popular) 3?我开会迟到的原因是我的手表慢了10分钟。(the reason) 4?直到患了重病,他才下决心马上戒烟。(suffer) 5?如今世界上越来越多的人开始关注食品的安全性。(pay attention) 6?在所有影星中,我最佩服成龙的演技和人格。(admire) 7?回顾历史,我们就会得到很多经验和教训。(gain) 8?据说英语的客观题考试是20世纪70年代引人中国的。(introduce) 9?黄浦江隧道的建成极大地促进了浦东的发展。(promote) 10?在农村劳动期间,他养成了写日记的习惯。(develop) 11?我多么希望能在2010年上海世博会上当志愿者。(wish) 12?许多中国人认为刘翔是民族英雄,是中国人民杰出的代表。(regard) 13?我们要尽快地找出事故的原因,而不是坐在这儿等。(rather than) 14?中国政府强烈反对美国向台湾出售先进的武器。(against) 15?在日本几乎每个人都知道在地震发生时该怎么办。(occur) 16?我认为能否实现理想主要靠努力而不是机遇。(not…but) 17?显然两国之间的频繁交流增强了友谊。(obvious) 18?他们决定组织一次演出来为失学儿童筹款。(raise) 19?我觉得很有必要记住一些代代相传的谚语。(memorize) 20?听说这次展出的几款汽车相当畅销。(on display) 21?与班级里其他同学相比,他在工作方面更有责任感。(compare) 22?在暑假期间,我们学校的许多学生志愿去帮助孤寡老人。(volunteer) 23?当你心情不好的时候,想想美好的事就会去除烦恼。(freedom) 24?孩子们应该经历成功和失败,这对他们来说是一种财富。(experience) 25?许多年轻人不断地花钱去追求最时新的手机。(pursue) 26?一个遇到困难就退缩的人是永远不会成功的。(give up) 27?这次英语期中考试不仅有笔试还有口试,这是真的吗?(true) 28?第一次坐飞机时,飞机起降时感到不舒服是很正常的。(feel)

上海高考英语翻译模拟

翻译练习1 1. 班长昨天班会课没来。(absent) The monitor was absent from the class meeting yesterday. 2. 为了赶上其他同学,他正在努力改正自己学习中的坏习惯。(cure) To catch up with other students, he is trying to cure himself of bad habits in his study. 3. 毫无疑问,老师挑你作业里的毛病是为了帮助你取得更大的进步。(fault) There is no doubt that the teacher finds fault with your homework to help you make greater progress. 4. 虽然已筋疲力尽,他们还是继续搜寻事故中的幸存者。(tired) Although tired out, they still continued to search for the survivors in the accident. 5. 我们只有面对现实,认真分析形势,才能找到解决问题的办法。(Only ) Only by facing the reality and analyzing the situation seriously can we find the solution to the problem. 6. 请尽快对我们的计划作出评论。(comment) Please comment/make comments on our plan as soon as possible. 7. 今天下午我太累了,就取消了和Smith先生的约会。(so…as to…) I was so tired this afternoon as to cancel the appointment with Mr. Smith. 8. 除非你听从李教授昨天给你的忠告,否则你将一事无成。(unless) You will achieve nothing unless you follow the advice (that/which) Professor Li gave you yesterday. 9. 他感到遗憾的是,为了完成这个研究,连陪女儿的时间都没有。(company) He feels it a pity that in order to finish the research he has no time to keep his daughter company. 10. 直到第6代苹果手机(iPhone 6)的出现,人们才意识到它已经给手机领域带来 了巨大的变化。(Not until) Not until iPhone 6 appeared did people realize that it had brought great changes to the field of mobile phones. 11. 如果你需要更多的信息,请随时和我联系。(hesitate) Don’t hesitate to contact me if you need more information.

2015上海高三英语翻译训练4(E组)

2015上海高三英语翻译训练4(E组) 1. 每次当他遇见我的时候,他都假装没有看见我。(Each time) Each time he meets me, he pretends not to see me. 2. 要克服一个坏习惯并不是一件容易的事。(easy job) It is no easy job to overcome a bad habit. 3. 这是一场教育公众吸烟有害的运动。(educate) It is a campaign to educate the public about the dangers of smoking. 4. 医生们虽然尽了努力,但手术以后病人仍没有存活下来。(effort) In spite of the doctor's great efforts, the patient failed to survive the operation. 5. 我必须强调这一事实,即他们只不过是孩子。(emphasize) I must emphasize the fact that they are only children. 6. 这项阅读技巧使我们能学会在上下文中猜测词义。(enable) This reading skill enables us to guess the meaning of a word in the context. 7. 他本想在这家书店里消磨时间,但结果却被几本时尚杂志迷住了。(end up) He had meant to pass the time in this bookstore, but he ended up fascinated by several fashion magazines. 8. 据报道,近年来,生态旅游每年在全世界有大约5%的增长。(enjoy) According to a report, in recent years eco-tourism has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% worldwide. 9. 很多化妆品都在动物身上试验过,以此确保它们对人不会造成任何危害。(ensure) Many cosmetic products have been tested on animals to ensure that they cause no harm to human beings. 10. 凭此券你可免费吃一顿午餐。(entitle) This ticket entitles you to a free lunch. 11. 有多条海上航线可以让你在中国沿海的城市之间旅游。(exist) There exist a number of sea routes that can take you from one seaport to another along the coastline of China. 12. 报道没有提及由炸弹爆炸引起的损害程度。(extent) The report didn't mention the extent of the damage caused by the explosion of the bomb. 13. 我们都祝贺他在上回选举中被选为主席。(elect) We all congratulate him on his being elected chairman in the last election. 14. 这是常识,充足的睡眠能保证我们快些恢复体力。(ensure) It is common knowledge that a good sleep will ensure us quicker refreshment. 15. 我对他一无所知,只知道他是我班新来的名叫李海的学生。(except) I know nothing about him except (for the fact) that he is a new comer by the name of Li Hai in our class. 16. 我将随信附上一张十英镑的支票。(enclose) I’ll enclose a check for ten pounds (with my letter). 17. 政府提高个税的计划遭到了强烈的反对。(encounter) The government has encountered strong opposition to its plan to raise income tax. 18. 我们不能走那条路,因为牌子上写着“禁止入内”。(entry) We can’t go along that road because the sign says “No Entry”. 19. 作为家庭度假圣地,这个海边首屈一指。(equal n.) As a family resort, the seaside has no equal. 20. 这个部落几乎没有受到外来的影响。(external) The tribe was hardly affected by external influences. 21. 目前还没有证据表明其它星球上有生命。(evidence) At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.

2005-2017年上海高考英语-翻译

2017年6月 1.李雷宁愿受罚也不说谎。(would rather) Li Lei would rather be published than tell a lie. 2.在投资项目的过程中出现了一些问题。(arise) There were some problems arising in the process of investing the project. 3.在过去的三年中,他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏的关系。(commit)He has always been committed to studying the relationship between the spreading speed of information and people’s pace of life in the last 3 years. 4. 有人声称减肥丸效果显著,立竿见影,且对身体无害。但事实远非如此。(It) It is claimed that the slimming pills have distinct and immediate effect as well as harmless, which is far away from the truth. 2016年 1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。(hope) I really hope that my article will be published in a newspaper someday. 2.二十世纪末中国经济迅速发展。(witness) The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China’s economy. 3.为买一双运动鞋而通宵排队有意义吗?(point) Is there any point in lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes? 4.虽然当时我年幼,不理解这部电影的含义,但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了。(too… to…) Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film, I remember my family were moved to tears. 5.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭,那一刻她欣喜万分。(The moment…) The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy. 2015年 6.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。 (visit) Delicious food is one of the pleasures for people to visit Shanghai.

(完整版)上海高考英语翻译句型总结,推荐文档

句型 1.As is known ( to us all ), … = It is known (to us all) that … 2.It seems that sb./sth.… =sb./sth. seems to… It appears (to sb) that …=sb./sth. appears to… 3.It (so)happened that sb./sth.…=sb./sth. happened to… 4.There is/are…. There seems to be… There happened to be… 5.Sth occurred to sb It (suddenly) occurred to sb t hat … It never occurred to sb that… = It didn’t occur to sb that… 6.It is said / reported/believed that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is said / reported to d o… 7.It is no good / use doing … They think / consider / feel it no use / good doing It is likely that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is likely to do… It is possible / probable that sb./sth.… 8.It is hard to imagine /say / believe… It is no wonder that… 9.It takes sb. some time to do sth. Sb. takes some time to do sth. Sb. spends time/money doing sth / on sth 10.When/Whenever it comes to sb./sth/doing sth, …

2019年上海高考英语一模翻译汇编

2019年高三一模翻译汇编 1.上海市黄浦区2019年高三英语一模翻译 72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant) 73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) 74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平,同各国人民友好相处。(long for) ~ 75.青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究,也值得整个社会群策群力,共商对策。(which) 72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries. /Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. - 75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 2.上海市普陀区2019年高三英语一模翻译

上海高考英语翻译句型总结汇总

/ It was not until… that / Not until…  not … until…  1.直到会议快要结束时他才露面。(show up) 2.直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。(prevent) 3.直到那时他才意识到他的老师是非常善解人意的。(considerate) 4.可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。 5.直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。(relieve) The more… the more.. 1.你的词汇量越大,你就感到用英语写作越容易。(feel it + adj. to do ) 2.人们普遍认为,用脑越多,思维就越活跃。( it is generally believed that ) 3.问题发现得越早,解决起来越容易。 4.问题越难,我越有可能能够解决他们。(likely) 5.我们学习得越多,将来就越能为我们国家工作的越好。 6.你练习讲英语越多,就越对你有好处。(do sb good) 7.我们经常讨论的一个问题是:是否钱越多越幸福。 8.相对而言,孩子与父母交流越多,越不可能感到忧郁。(suffer from) No matter how / however + adj. / adv. + S + V 1. 不管这个新体系有多复杂,我们还是要用它。(complicated) 2.无论社会发展得多快,这个传统应该代代相传。(pass on) 3.无论他如何努力,他似乎永远学不好物理。 4.不管我们有多忙,下星期我们一定会举行一次欢送会向那些退休工人们表示敬意。(in honor of) 5.不管天有多晚,他从不把今天必须做的事拖到明天。(put off) 6. 如果我们以一种强烈的意志工作,我们能够克服任何的困难,无论这个困难有多大。 Adj. / adv. / n. / v. + as / though + S + V 1.虽然他很聪明,但他不愿把全部时间用在学习上。(devote…to) 2.他很累,但他还是工作到深夜。(work late into…) 3.虽然他是个孩子,但对于这个世界他了解很多。 4.虽然我敬佩他作为一个作家,但我不喜欢他作为一个人。(admire) Hardly / scarcely / barely…when no sooner … than 1.我刚到家,电话铃就响了。 2.他一到实验室,就开始做实验。(set out) 3.这男孩刚打开电脑,他父亲就回家了,叫他做功课。 4.他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告诉他父母。(can’t wait…) 1.Not until the meeting was almost over did he show up. 2.Not until the beginning of the 20th century did people learn how to prevent the disease from spreading. 3.Not until then did he realize that his teacher was very considerate / thoughtful /

上海高三英语二模翻译汇总 含答案

2018上海英语高三二模翻译汇总 宝山 72.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。(optimistic) I am optimistic about the result of the game /match. 73. 许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题,其实不然。(think) Many people think of being late as a small problem, but in fact it’s not./it can have serious consequences. 74.无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑,使开车打电话成为可能。(…it…) Driverless technology solves people's puzzle and makes it possible to make a phone call /talk on the phone while driving. 75. 人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力了仍一事无成,而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。(...not...but...) The most horrible/terrible/ dreadful/ fearful/ frightening/frightful thing that can happen in your life is not that you achieved/accomplished nothing even though you tried, but that you do nothing at all/give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary. 崇明 72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢?(advantage) 73. 当你对情况一知半解时,不要随意发表见解。(knowledge) 74. 到底是什么促使你放弃了这么稳定的工作,来到这个偏远地区保护野生动物?(it) 75. 人工智能正以如此快的速度改变着整个世界,你很难预测未来的生活究竟会是什么样子。 (So) 72. Why not take advantage of the agreeable weather and go out for a picnic? (1+1+1) 73. When you have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation, don’t express your opinions

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