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英汉翻译

英汉翻译
英汉翻译

求则得之

Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives; he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks, the door will be opened. Matthew 7:7

你们祈求,就给你们;寻找,就能找到;叩门,就给你们开门。因为凡祈求的就得到,寻找的就寻见,叩门的就给他开门。《马太福音》7章7节。

教材:

杨士焯:《英汉翻译教程》A Textbook on English-Chinese Translation 北京大学出版社,2011年3月第二版定价:38.00

参考书目:

1.《英汉对比研究》,连淑能著,高等教育出版社,2003年版。

2.《英汉语篇翻译》,李运兴著,清华大学出版社,2003年版。

3.《当代翻译理论》,刘宓庆著,中国对外翻译出版公司,1999年版。

4.《翻译的基本知识》钱歌川著,世界图书出版公司北京公司,2011年版

5.《英译汉教程》,连淑能著,高等教育出版社,2006年版。

Evaluation:

Attendance 10%

Two assignments 20% (each accounting for 10%)

Mid-tem: 30%

Final: 40%

决定翻译质量的四大因素:

1.外语水平it is six of one, half a dozen of the other.

It is a case of half bottle empty and half bottle full. We are not here

to make up the number.

2.汉语水平it works only when it hurts. (良药苦口,忠言逆耳)

3.知识水平Council house (公房), directives(律令),affirmative action (优惠政

策) , George Orwell said in 1984

4.工作态度peasant, pheasant

学习能力(learning ability):self-motivation, self-discipline, cultivation of learning habit, logical analysis, generalization, ability to learn something within a very short period of time.

Niche market: (壁龛、局部、适当、特定高端、细分、缝隙、小众、尼基、利基等)Niche 是指关键性、独特性的核心技术(如创新设计,技术能力,行销通路,资料库,制造能力,品牌等)能让有所成就和发展。Niche market 则是指企业能针对特定的市场区隔,利用公司的关键性、独特性的核心技术,提供专业化的服务,且具有一定的市场占有率,成为公司主要获利来源的市场。

Robust (鲁棒) (臭名昭著的鲁棒,翻译这个词的人应该千刀万剐。到底是什么意思?鲁班做的棒子?鲁国出品的棒子?)

Robustness (鲁棒性):系统的健壮性(皮实、抗造),它是在异常和危险情况下系统生存的关键。比如说计算机在输入错误、磁盘故障、网络过载或有意攻击的情况下能否不死机,不崩溃,就是该软件的鲁棒性。

与时俱进(keep up with the times):

charisma, charismatic: 个人魅力,气场

flip-flop: 人字拖鞋

inclusive growth: 包容性增长

stakeholder: 利益攸关者

community correction: 社区矫正

The computer is down. 挡机(出故障,死机)

Trade liberalization and facilitation 贸易自由化和便利化

CEO 首席执行官总经理CEO

UFO 不明飞行物幽浮

OPEC 石油输出国组织油盟

Shopping mall (SM)大型购物中心商业城销品茂

Snakehead ----- 蛇头

Copycat 山寨

Bamboozle 忽悠

傅雷:“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。”

“译事虽近舌人,要以艺术修养为根本:无敏感之心灵,无热烈之同情,无适当之鉴赏能力,无相当之社会经验,无充分之常识(即所谓杂学),势难彻底理解原作,即或理解,亦未必能深彻领悟。”

“第一要精读熟读原作,把原文的意义、神韵全部抓住了,方能谈到迻译。”“而即使是最优秀的译文,其韵味较之原文仍不免过或不及。翻译时只能尽量缩短这个距离,过则求其勿太过,不及则求其勿过于不及。”

翻译的原则:翻译的原则有三,即传意性(meaning transference),可接受性(acceptability)及相似性(similarity)。

传意性(meaning transference): 翻译就是将原文的意思用译语重新表达出来,使看不懂原文的读者通过译文获得原文的信息。因此不失原意即传意性。

可接受性(acceptability):reader-oriented. 指译文读者对译文是否完全理解,译文是否明白易懂。可接受性高低直接影响翻译的效果,即读者对译文的理解程度。可接受性低劣有语言和文化两个因素。

相似性(similarity):即译文应力求与原文相似。相似主要包括四个方面:内容,形态,文体,风格。内容相似是指译文在思想内容、艺术效果、读者感受等方面与原文相似。形态相似是指译文在用词、句子结构、表现手法以及比喻手段诸方面与原文一致。文体相似指的是译文必须使用与原文相似的文体。如原文是平淡清顺的说明文,就不要译成堆满华丽辞藻的文章;原文是口头语言,译文就不应当是书面语;原文是感情丰富韵味醇厚的散文诗,也要力求译成散文诗。风格相似是指译文在风格上应尽量与原文一致。如原文高雅译文也要高雅,原文粗俗译文也要粗俗,原文对不同的人物用了不同的格调,译文也要有所反应。文学作品尤为如此。

音译(transliteration)

赌场——Casino

这个词,似乎是地道的西方舶来品,发音“Casino”竟是福建话的音译,可是,为什么英语要拿它表示“赌场”的意思呢?据传,很久以前,移民到美国的福建民工,拿到一点微薄的工资,便在无聊之际,聚众赌博,试试运气。每次开局,都会嚷嚷:“开始了! 开始了!”想不到,阴差阳错地给英语找了个现代词汇。

平时积累(字典,报刊杂志,互联网)

现在随着科技的发展和国际交往的需要,越来越多的外来语进入了汉语,主要以英语外来语为主,如:

布丁(pudding)

比萨饼(pizza)

三明治(sandwich)

汉堡包(hamburger)

色拉(salad)

黑客”(hacker)

因特网(internet)

沙发:sofa

克隆:clone

拷贝:copy ,复制

镭射laser 激光

厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜:西班牙语EL Nino and La Nina的音译。

马塞克:MOSIC镶嵌砖。

芭蕾(ballet)

迪斯科(disco )、

探戈(tango)

伦巴(rumba)

霹雳(break dance)

桑拿浴:sauna

杯葛:boycott 集体抵制之意。

可卡因:英语Cocaine的音译,一种毒品。

扑热息痛(paracetamol)

盘尼西林(青霉素)(penicillin)

阿司匹林(asprin)

维他命(vitamin)

沙门氏菌(salmonella)

艾滋病(aids, acquired immune deficiency syndrome,后天(获得)性免疫缺陷综合症)

歇斯底里(hysteria)

幽默(humor)(林语堂)

My Country and My People 《吾国与吾民》

The Importance of Living 《生活的艺术》

Moment in Peking 《京华烟云》

逻辑(logic)

蹦极(bungee)

卡通(cartoon)

康乃馨(carnation)

脱口秀(talk show )

香波(shampoo)。

费(fee)。

阀(valve )、

“费厄泼赖”fair play

德先生和赛先生democracy and science

Facebook 脸书、脸谱、非试不可

Iphone 爱疯

Hign 嗨

Staycation 家中度假staycation

staycation 经济危机了,有些人失业了,有些人减薪了,油价还上涨了。这一切曾经离我们很遥远,但是在过去的这两年,它们恰恰都发生在我们身边。听说“小黄金”的时候好些人都选择了市内旅游,甚至有人干脆就在家待着,度过一个安静又不拥挤的staycation。

flash mob 快闪族

大概是因为网络的无处不在,现在世界各地好像都在流行“快闪”。可能在我们城市的某个区域,此刻正有一群flash mob在活动呢。你会是其中之一吗?

Strawberry Generation啃老族

NEET (not in employment, education or training)+草莓族Strawberry Generation

这两个词放在一起主要是因为它们都反应了当前的一种社会现象:从学校毕业后没工作、没有经济来源,跟父母住在一起,依靠父母生存的“啃老族”,还有素质不错,但是太脆弱,像草莓一样受不了任何重击的“草莓族”。

ringxiety手机幻听

办公室里,键盘敲击声和手机铃声此起彼伏。明明不是自己电话响,却还是忍不住要拿出手机来看一眼。过了一会儿,似乎感觉到放手机的地方在振动,赶紧掏兜看手机,哦,原来手机并没有响动。你是不是也有过这样的经历?告诉你吧,这种情况就是我们常说的“手机幻听”,在英文里叫ringxiety。

(英语)英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析

(英语)英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。(visit) 2.街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。(bring) 3.在你生命中,如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起,那么就去向他道歉吧。(apology)4.这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。(what) 5.申请材料需要精心准备,这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。(in order that) 【答案】 1.Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2.Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3.If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4.What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5.The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1.本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一,说明此处的乐趣应该用复数,必须是可数名词,因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit,需要谨慎处理,是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai,同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2.本题难度不大,重点是明亮的色彩的表达,可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3.本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4.本题考察what引导的主语从句,以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5.本题主要考固定词组的掌握,为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school,have…knowledge/ understanding of…,overall,accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子

英文歌曲歌词带翻译(一)

the sound of silence 静之声- 保罗。西蒙 hello darkness my old friend. 你好,黑夜,我的老朋友 i've come to talk with you again. 我又来和你聊天了 because a vision softly creeping 因为当我熟睡的时候,一幅美景便进入了我的梦乡。 left its seeds while i was sleeping. (因为梦幻缓缓涌现,在我熟睡时留下它的种子。) and the vision that was planted in my brain 在我脑袋里的那幅美景仍然保持着寂寞之声!still remains with the sound of silence (在我脑海中生根,在寂静之声中留存。) in restless dreams i walk alone 在不安的梦中我一个人独行(在无休止的梦境中,narrow streets of cobble stone 我独自走在狭窄的石道上。) beneath the halloof a street lamp, 在街灯的光晕下,寒冷和湿气让我竖起衣领。 i turned my collar to the cold and damp when my eyes were stabbled by the flash 当霓虹灯光刺痛我双眼, of a neon light that split the night 划破黑夜, and touched the sound of silence 触动了沉默之声。 and in the naked night i saw ten thousand people may be more 在刺眼的灯光下,我看到上万人群。

中国谚语翻译总汇(已)

中国谚语翻译总汇 1.见机行事。Act according to circumstances. 2.兵不厌诈。All is fair in war. 3.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。As long as the green hills last, there'll always be wood to burn. - 4.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。As you sow, so shall you reap. 5.不问就听不到假话。Ask no questions and be told no lies. 6.情人眼里出西施。Beauty lies in lover's eye 7.血浓于水。Blood is thicker than water. 8.海内存知己,天涯若比邻。A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near 9.简洁是智慧的灵魂。Brevity is the soul of wit. 10.公事公办。Business is business. 11.车到山前必有路。The cart will find its way round the hill ,when it gets there. 12.巧妇难为无米之炊。he cleverest housewife cannot cook a meal without rice. 13.笨鸟先飞。Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 14.精诚所至,金石为开。Complete sincerity can affect even metal and stone. 15.置之死地而后生。Confront a person with the danger of death and he will fight to live. 16.滴水穿石。Constant dripping wears away the stone. 17.习惯成自然。Custom is a second nature. 18.以其人之道,还治其人之身。Deal with a man as he deals with you. 19.血债要用血来还。Debts of blood must be paid in blood. 20.隔行如隔山。Different trades are separated as by mountains. 21.一回生,二回熟。Different the first time, easy the second. 22.早动手,早收获。Early sow, early mow. 23.者千虑,必有一失。Even the wise are not free from error. 24.吃一堑,长一智。Every failure one meets with adds to one's experience. 25.国家兴亡,匹夫有责。Every man has a share of responsibility for the fate of his country. 26.每一个人都有美中不足的地方。Every man has the defects of his own virtues. 27.人各有所好。Every man to his taste 28.行行出状元。Every profession produces its own leading authority. 29.仁者见仁,智者见智。Everyone thinks in his way. 30.切莫错过良机。Everything has its time and that time must be watched. 31.凡事总有一个开头。Everything must have a beginning. 32.身教胜于言教。Example is better than precept. 33.经验是智慧之母Experience is the mother of wisdom. 34.经验是愚者之师。Experience is the teacher of fools. 35.乐极生悲。Extreme joy begets sorrow. 36.以眼还眼,以牙还牙。An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. 37.心有余而力不足(贪多嚼不烂)。The eye is bigger than the belly. 38.吃一堑,长一智。A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 39.人怕出名猪怕壮。Fame portends trouble for men just as fattening does for pigs. 40.少说为佳。Few words are best. 41.寡不敌众。A few are no match for the many. 42.水火无情。Fire and water have no mercy.

英汉翻译经典例子及答案

1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要,因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls (环礁). 在那里,由于地心引力的剧烈干扰,一道道山脉,一座座火山升出水面。千百年来,微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡,形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多,那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人,于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方,河水漫出河床,宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系,迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起,困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪,在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上,撒在田野里,撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

英语翻译题目及答案

1)你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。(reasonable) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) 总的来说,孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康,受到了更好的教育。(in general) In general, children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) 待适当的机会来临,他就能抓住。(come along) Wh en the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4)每天他都留出点时间跟家人在一起,享受生活。(set aside) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life 5) 我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路的情景。(hand in hand) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father 6) 他最终辜负了父母的期望。(live up to) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 相比之下,我们的用油量大幅度上升了。(in contrast) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) 经过努力,他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。(overcome) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. 1) 人们认为,悲观常常会导致绝望、疾病和失败。 It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) 与此相反,乐观主义能使你幸福、健康和成功。 Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) 当你做某件事失败时,把失败当作一种学习的经历从中汲取益处。 When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience ) 在问题或困难面前,要想想自己的长处并树立起自信心。 Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) 不要让消极的想法阻碍你。 Don’t let negative thoughts hold y ou back. 6) 每个人都经历过失败和失望,因此不要过多地责怪自己。 Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much. 1) She wore a dress ____with a pattern of rose__________ (有玫瑰图案) on it. 2) Helen had ____prepared a wonderful/good meal for us_ (为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜). 3) Ann _______promised faithfully___ (信誓旦旦地保证) that she would never tell. 4) Could you ____deliver this letter__ (把这封信送到) to the accounts department? 5) We were offered ____a selection of milk and plain____chocolate (精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力). 6) Tell the children to ___keep out of mischief / behave themselves_____(别胡闹). 7) We could hear _____the sound of distant thunder_____ (远处打雷的声音). 8) The project has now __received approval from the government (得到政府的批准). 9) Kelly loved her husband ____in spite of the fact that he drank too much (虽然他喝酒太多). 10) Experts seem unable to ____agree whether the drug is safe or not_ (就这个药是否安全取得一致意见). 1. Not every bomb has hit its target. 并非每个炸弹都击中了目标。 2. We can have one or the other but not both simultaneously. 我们能够得到其中一个,但不能同时两个都有。 3. She wanted nothing more than work. 她只想要工作。 4. You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 5. I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling. 有个小孩在追逐自家的兄弟姐妹时踩了我的脚,却仍未向我道歉。 1. 并非所有父母都和你一样能提供很多情况。 Not all parents are as informative as you

中国经典谚语的英文表达

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