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当代研究生英语下册课后题(Units 1-10)

选词填空汇总

Unit 1

1.In order to strengthen his arguments,Toffler_____respectable social

scientists who agree with him.

a.quotes(摘引)

b. confirms

c. recites

d. convinces

2.He could scarcely resist taking another drink of the delicious wine,

but remembering the doctor’s advice, he_____.

a.refrained(克制)

b. withdrew

c. avoided

d.retreated

3.When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of

other things to fulfill their life_____.

a.necessities

b. requirements

c. appreciations

d.expectations(期许)

4.Within seconds，the experienced instructor_____the situation and

decided to attempt rescue.

a.assumed

b. assured

c. assessed(评估)

d. affirmed

5.Most good writers use every means at their_____to make the

reader’s way smooth and easy.

a.will

b. disposal(处理)

c. request

d. convenience

6.The new apartment house built a few months ago is large enough

to_____over two hundred people.

a.accommodate(容纳)

b. locate

c. settle

d. reside

7.A river_____through the narrow wooded valley below.

a.pours

b. twists(迂回曲折)

c. expends

d. expands

8.To use a Chinese saying, this is “a punishment which they well_____”.

a.desert

b. deserve(应得)

c. reserve

d. preserve

9.The captain of the ship_____the passengers that there was no

danger.

a.secured

b. ensured

c. assured (确保)

d. guaranteed

10.The growth of cities and suburbs throughout the region

has_____the residents to build houses wherever they could find open land.

a.converted

b. appealed

c. justified

d. encouraged(鼓励) Unit 2

1.The kitchen was small and_____so that the disabled woman could

reach everything without difficulty.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f13597847.html,plete

b. complex

c. composite

d. compact(紧凑的)

2. His authority and_____make him an excellent teacher.

a. self-consciousness

b. self-confidence(自信)

c. self-centeredness

d.self-regard

3. Being both spoilt and lazy he_____everyone else for his lack of

success.

a. accused

b. charged

c. criticized

d. blamed(责备)

4. When I learned that I had passed the exam, I felt_____and relaxed.

a. careless

b. trouble-free

c. negligent

d. care-free(舒畅)

5. A very large cat was watching us intently from the top of a_____car.

a. moveless

b.stationery

c. motionless

d. stationary(静止的)

6. This is the_____piano on which the composer created some of his

greatest works.

a. actual(强调真实的)

b. real

c. genuine

d. contemporary

7. Your usual teacher has lost his voice and_____I am taking his place

today.

a. nevertheless

b. however

c. moreover

d. accordingly(因此)

8. A_____woman is needed to take care of two small children.

a. confident

b. reliable(可靠的)

c. trusty

d. faithful

9. I have had a_____of misfortunes.

a. continuation

b. repetition

c. continuity

d. succession(继承权)

10. He had an_____habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs

window onto our doorstep.

a. objectionable(讨厌的)

b. afflicting

c. uneducated

d. offending

11. The music aroused a(n)_____feeling of homesickness in him.

a. intense(强烈的)

b. hopeless

c. intensive

d. sad

12. The jury_____him of having committed the robbery and he was then

sentenced to five years’ imprisonment.

a. accused

b.charged

c. convicted(证明)

d. acquitted

13. The book proved to be very unreliable and so was quite_____to him

in his research.

a. unimportant

b. disused

c. useless(无用)

d.unusable

14. The plan was_____when it was discovered just how much the

scheme would cost.

a. resigned

b. abandoned(遗弃)

c. released

d. redeemed

15. The blow at the end of round three knocked the champion______.

a. insensitive

b. stupefied

c. senseless(无感觉的)

d. nonsensical Unit 3

1.The Roman empire_____under pressure from uncivilized northern

tribes.

a.trembled

b. crumbled(崩溃)

c. hurdled

d. smashed

2.The police are_____a war against crime in the city.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f13597847.html,mitting

b. breaking

c. undertaking

d. waging(发起)

3.The sign was no longer legible because much of lettering had_____.

a.worn down

b. worn up

c. worn away(不见)

d. worn out

4.They _____whether an international loan was possible.

a.dissolved

b. disputed(争议)

c. dissented

d. distorted

5.He is always_____his knowledge in public.

a.airing(吹牛)

b. praising

c. assuming

d. retorting

6.Flowers are blooming in scarlet profusion on the _____of the

rice-fields.

a.spaces

b. clearings

c. margins(边缘)

d. vacuums

7.The young soldier’s hearing was _____after the explosion.

a.strengthened

b. trapped

c. manipulated

d. impaired(受损)

8.Black Death was_____in England in the summer of 1384 without any

warning and, most importantly, without any cure.

a.current

b. circulating

c. prevailing(最普通的)

d. universal

9.The good news is that as long as people infected with HIV keep taking

the triple-drug______,they have an excellent chance of surviving the infection for a long time.

a.antigen

b. cocktail(混合物)

c. microbe

d. therapy

10.Because it has long been known that HIV kills CD4 cells when it

replicates inside them, many researchers have been too ready to ______that this is the reason they all die.

a.discover

b. assume(假定)

c. retort

d. pronounce Unit 4

1.All this conversation_____the action of the play.

a.speeds up

b. slows down(使…慢下来)

c. puts up

d. puts down

2.Student nurses should not be left alone_____hospital wards.

a.In charge of (负责)

b. on duty

c. under the care of

d. in responsibility of

3. He_____the level of unemployment in China.

a. concerns

b. has concerned

c. is concerning about

d.is concerned about(对…表示担忧)

4. The tax cuts are good news for the rich, but the poor _____again.

a. lose on

b. lose down

c. lose out (亏本)

d. lose up

5. Computer software_____some 70 percent of our range of products.

a. accounts for(占有)

b. accounts out

c. counts on

d. counts for

6. For most WTO members, the negotiations_____under the old GATT system.

a. took place(发生)

b.took up

c. went up

d. put up

7. When WTO rules_____discipline_____countries’policies, that is the outcome of negotiations among WTO members.

a. send…on

b. take…on

c. impose…on(强加于)

d. hold…on

8. Luxury was_____his nature.

a. alien to(与…相反)

b. good to

c. one of

d. up with

9. It is_____the developed countries and the more advanced developing countries to provide generous assistance to help the lower-income developing countries.

a. interesting to

b. in the interest of(为了…的利益)

c. obliged to

d. of duty to

10. Developing countries will_____the changes only if their economies

are capable of responding.

a. go with

b. benefit from(从…中获益)

c. get along with

d. take from

Unit 5

1.The European Union steps in to stem what is no longer just Britain’s

problem.

a.halt(停滞)

b. intrude

c. produce

d. stamp

2.In some people’s opinion, this epidemic of the mad-cow disease has

been at best a clumsy mistake of the British government, but some of the opponents scolded it as a disaster.

a.catastrophe(灾难)

b. disappointment

c. discredit

d. disgrace

3.The organization had come up with about €900 million to help this

project.

a.invested

b. supplied(供给)

c. deposited

d. submitted

4.The disposition of so many livestock carcasses would be a herculean

task.

b.honorable b. powerful

c. important

d.tremendous(巨大)

5.Such a move might even convince the British that Europe could

actually be useful.

a.motive

b. decision(决议)

c. emotion

d. motivation

6.The plan is supposed to be presented at a full-dress meeting of

Europe’s farm ministers this week.

a.general

b. formal(正式的)

c. private

d. officious

7.Many people balked at the idea of slaughtering healthy animals at

the taxpayers’ expense.

a.confound

b. stopped abruptly

c. refused firmly(回避)

d. were sad about

8. At that time there were only 10 facilities in Britain licensed for the

incineration of livestock carcasses.

a. incarnation

b. disposition

c. culling

d. burning(燃烧)

9. The new strain of CJD was implicated in another case, bringing the

total of suspected victims to 13.

a. entangled(卷入)

b. implanted

c. imposed

d. absorbed

10. They tried to prevent the project from being destroyed for shortage

of money.

a. get in

b. leave off

c. head off(阻止)

d. bring about Unit 6

1.The officer inspected our passports and travel papers and_____us

because our vacation certificates were missing.

a.contained

b. sustained

c. detained(拘留)

d. retained

2.We resumed our work after the break with_____energy.

a.relieved

b. renewed（恢复）

c. refined

d. reinforced

3.His tone_____his real feelings more than his words.

a.conveyed(承载)

b. paraphrased

c. performed

d. conformed

4.Even in ancient times，there were ____of night-watchmen which

went about the cities.

a.teams

b. routes

c. patrols(巡逻队)

d. guards

5.He spoke clearly and _____and we could understand every word he

said.

a.distinguished

b. distinguishable

c. distinctly(清晰地)

d. distinctively

6. The workers’promised wage increase is being_____while it is

examined by the government to see if it is greater than the law allows.

a. delayed(延迟)

b. dismissed

c. rejected

d. neglected

7. Men’s never-ceasing_____for knowledge continues to broaden our

understanding of the earth’s atmosphere.

a. request

b. investigation

c. research

d. quest(质疑)

8. You must_____your old passport when applying for a new one.

a. resign

b. surrender(上交)

c. abandon

d. quit

9. He felt_____as soon as he realized that he had asked a foolish

question.

a. embarrassed(尴尬的)

b. bored

c. disappointed

d. displeased

10. The floor was unsafe, as some of the floor-boards had_____away.

a. damaged

b. destroyed

c. rotted(坏了)

d. wasted

Unit 7

1.Thousands of people were seriously_____in health by radioactive

contamination.

a.affected(被影响)

b. effected

c. impressed

d. struck

2.The Bank of England has taken further steps to______control over

the value of the pound.

a.resume

b. resurrect

c. retain(保持)

d. retard

3.It’s time to______our differences and work together for a common

purpose.

a.set forth

b. set aside(撤销)

c. set upon

d. set up as

4.Science and invention played a very important role in_____America’s

industrial development.

a.blockading

b. devoting

c. fostering(培养)

d. impacting

5.The doctor’s ______was whether he should tell the patient the truth.

a.dilemma(困境)

b. inception

c. fraction

d. paradox

6.The volume of business does not_____an agency agreement at

present.

a.magnify

b. justify(证明合法)

c. personify

d. terrify

7.Microsoft follows the developments in every major computer

company and most technology_____in the world.

a.adventure

b. expertise

c. fractions

d. ventures（合资企业）

8.The question of _____agent is still under consideration and we hope

that you will continue your efforts in pushing the sale of our product at present stage.

a.creative

b. exclusive(独有的)

c. intensive

d. perspective

9.Except for some colleges_____by the Catholic church, all colleges and

universities in the United States, public and private, are governed by a board of trustees composed primarily of laymen.

a.elevated

b. granted

c. patented

d. sponsored(赞助者)

10.To the frustration of Hispanic publishers, advertising agencies often

treat Spanish-language or bilingual newspapers as_____in their marketing plans.

a.afterthoughts(后加的东西)

b. advantages

c. frustrations

d. penetrations

Unit 8

1. As the sky darkened it soon became obvious that a thunderstorm was______.

a. immediate

b. evident

c. imminent(迫近的)

d. menacing

2. ______of half-starving wolves were roaming the snow-covered

countryside.

a. Flocks

b. Herds

c. Packs(形容狼群)

d. Crowds

3. The very idea of her winning the beauty contest is quite______.

a. unlikely

b. strange

c. absurd(荒谬的)

d. nonsense

4. The earnest student waited with some slight _________while the teacher was reading his essay.

a. nervousness(神经质)

b. resentment

c. annoyance

d. despair

5. The police have asked for the______of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the missing child.

a. aid

b. co-operation(合作)

c. advice

d. helpfulness

6. Today, household chores have been made much easier by

electrical_______. .

a. facilities

b. equipment

c.appliances(器具)

d. utilities

7. The factory was______ to the ground by the fire.

a. razed(夷为平地)

b. destroyed

c. gutted

d. ruined

8. As a writer, Walter was very_____. .

a. imaginary

b. imagery

c. imaginative(有创造力的)

d. imaginable

9. He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had

been______.

a. imposed

b. composed

c. exposed(揭露)

d. opposed

《古代汉语》上下册课后习题答案全网精心

《古代汉语》郭锡良版练习题及参考答案 A.练习一一??查阅下列各字在《康熙字典》（或《辞源》修订本）中所属的部首：丹（丶部）??之（丿部）??亚（二部）??常（巾部）卍（十部）??受（又部）??严（口部）??隣（邑部）巡（巛部）??希（巾部）??幽（幺部）??胡（肉部）怡（心部）??攻（攴部）??书（曰部）??民（氏部）煎（火部）??者（老部）??茁（艹部）??贰（贝部）郊（邑部）??望（月部）??平（干部）??术（行部）按：繁体字“隣”与“邻”为异体字，都简化作“邻”。《康熙字典》“隣”字在阜部，“邻”字在邑部。《辞源》修订本不收“隣”字，只收“邻”字，在邑部。二??“行”字在《康熙字典》和《辞源》中各有几种读音？两者是否一致？“行窳”的“行”读什么音？ “行”字在《康熙字典》中有5种读音，在《辞源》中有4种读音。其中xíng、xìng、háng 、hàng是一致的。《康熙字典》还引了《集韵》的一条注音“乎

监切”（读音为xián）。 “行窳”的“行”读xíng。三??从《词诠》中查出下列各句中加点的虚词在句中的意义： 1．以残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛。（《列子?汤问》）曾，副词，乃、竟。 2．居庙堂之高，则忧其民，处江湖之远，则忧其君。（范仲淹《岳阳楼记》）则……则……，承接连词，表文中对举关系，就、那么。 3．既出，得其船，便扶向路。（陶渊明《桃花源记》）既，时间副词，表过去，已经。 4．或圆如箪，或方似笥。（《水经注?巫山、巫峡》）或，无定代词，有的。 5．自非亭午夜分，不见曦月。（《水经注?巫山、巫峡》）自，假设连词，苟、如果。常“自非”连用。 6．广袤丰杀，一称心力。（白居易《庐山草堂记》）

2020年最新小学二年级下册期末考试题及答案

祝同学们期末考出好成绩！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！ 2020年最新小学二年级下册期末考试题及答案班级：姓名：满分：100分考试时间：90分钟一、下列词语注音完全正确的一组是( )。(4分) A.荆棘(jīnɡjí) 吆喝(yāo hē) 蜈蚣(wūgōng) B.竹竿(zhúgǎn) 饲养(sīyǎnɡ) 炎热(yán rè) C.仿佛(fǎnɡfú) 滋味(zīwèi) 抹布(mābù) D.粗糙(cāo zào) 损坏(sǔn yǔn) 绚丽(xuàn lì) 二、读拼音,写字词。(12分)

三、加上不同偏旁,写出新字,再组词。 (16分) 心米四、量词巧填空。(6分) 一( )马一( )牛一( )松鼠一( )彩虹一( )泪珠一( )大山五、在括号里填上加点词语的反义词。(10分) ,冬天天气( )。 1.夏天天气炎热．．

2.太阳驱走了黑暗．． ,带来了( )。 3.大象的耳朵很大． ,老鼠的耳朵很( )。 4.这处河水很浅．,很安全．． ,不像那处河水,很( ),很( )。六、按要求写句子。(6分) 1.照例子,把句子写具体。例:他在田边转来转去他在田边焦急地转来转去。她趴在书桌上写作业。 2.我看见喜鹊阿姨站在窝边,一会儿．．．教喜鹊弟弟唱歌,一会儿．．．教他们做游戏,一会儿．．．教他们学自己发明的拼音字母……(用上加点词,把句子补充完整) 我一会儿 ,一会儿 ,一会儿。

3.把下面顺序错乱的词语排列成一句通顺的话,注意写上标点符号。你大自然的会方向帮助指南针辨别七、按课文内容填空。(16分) 1.诗句我来写。描写黄鹂歌唱,白鹭飞翔的诗句: , 。古代儿童散学后放风筝: , 。描写柳树外形的诗句, 。 2.我的积累。 (1)四海无闲田, 。

三年级语文下册课后习题参考答案

三年级语文下册课后习题参考答案第1课古诗三首 1.有感情地朗读课文。背诵课文。默写《绝句》。有感情地朗读古诗,要正确划分古诗的节奏,如:“迟日/江山/丽,春风/花草/香。”韵脚要读得响亮而稍长,读出古诗的韵味。如“竹外桃花三两枝,春江水暖鸭先知”的韵脚是“zhī”,朗读时韵脚要重读;还要把握古诗的情感基调,感受古诗的节奏美和韵律美。如朗读《三衢道中》时语速要平缓,语调要欢快些,读出诗人山行时的愉悦心情。背诵古诗要讲究方法,尝试回忆背诵法:朗读到一定程度后,合上书试背,尝试对记忆内容进行回忆,这样能增强记忆的效果。 2.结合诗句的意思,想象画面,说说三首诗分别写了怎样的景象。《绝句》描写的是春回大地,万物苏醒,暖融融的太阳,将万里江山照耀得非常美丽;春风吹拂,绿草如茵,鲜花飘香,春意盎然。春风吹送着初放的百花和茵茵芳草发出的芳香。冻土融化,土地湿润,燕子正繁忙地飞来飞去,衔泥筑巢,日丽沙暖,鸳鸯在溪边的沙洲上静睡不动。《惠崇春江晚景》描写的是早春的清晨,诗人信步江畔。迷离的晨雾尚未散尽,令人仿佛置身仙境。转过青青的竹林,一株桃树闪入眼帘,看那满树花苞,已有两三枝绽放笑脸。一阵“嘎嘎”的欢叫传入耳中,循声望去,三两只鸭子迈着蹒跚的步子,游过水边的嫩苇丛,在江水中自在游弋。江水转暖了,河豚上市的时节也到了! 《三衢道中》描写的是梅子泛黄的时候,正是雨季,却遇上天天晴朗的日子坐上小船,游到了小溪的尽头。回程正好走山路,看到的是一路绿荫浓浓并不比以前看到的少,而绿荫深处传来的声声黄鹂的啼鸣,更增添了不少游兴。第2课燕子 1.朗读课文,边读边想象画面,并读出对燕子的喜爱之情。背诵第1~3自然段。

2019年小学二年级下册期末考试题(含答案)

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班级：姓名：满分：100分考试时间：90分钟题序一二三四五六七八九总分得分一、下列词语注音完全正确的一组是( )。(4分) A.荆棘(jīnɡjí）吆喝(yāｏhē）蜈蚣(wūgōng) B.竹竿(zhúgǎn)饲养(sīyǎnɡ）炎热(yáｎrè） C.仿佛(fǎnɡfú）滋味(zīwèi)抹布(mābù） D.粗糙(cāｏzào)损坏(sǔｎyǔn)绚丽(xuàｎ lì）二、读拼音,写字词。(12分)

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选词填空汇总 Unit 1 1.In order to strengthen his arguments,Toffler_____respectable social scientists who agree with him. a.quotes(摘引) b. confirms c. recites d. convinces 2.He could scarcely resist taking another drink of the delicious wine, but remembering the doctor’s advice, he_____. a.refrained(克制) b. withdrew c. avoided d.retreated 3.When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of other things to fulfill their life_____. a.necessities b. requirements c. appreciations d.expectations(期许) 4.Within seconds，the experienced instructor_____the situation and decided to attempt rescue. a.assumed b. assured c. assessed(评估) d. affirmed 5.Most good writers use every means at their_____to make the reader’s way smooth and easy. a.will b. disposal(处理) c. request d. convenience 6.The new apartment house built a few months ago is large enough to_____over two hundred people. a.accommodate(容纳) b. locate c. settle d. reside 7.A river_____through the narrow wooded valley below. a.pours b. twists(迂回曲折) c. expends d. expands

九年级上下册课后习题答案

第一单元《走进化学世界》课题1 物质的变化和性质 P10页参考答案 1、⑵、⑷、⑸、⑹、⑺、⑻为物理变化，⑴、⑶、⑼、⑽为化学变化。 2、要求学生结合实例，尽量用自己的语言表述物理变化和化学变化的区别，讲清变化前后有无其他物质生成。对于善于思考的学生，还可以进一步引导他们如何判断是否发生了化学变化。 3、对水、食盐、蔗糖、铜导线等身边的物质进行简单的观察和实验，并罗列出用途。例如：试一试物质在水中、油中的溶解性，比较硬度等。 4、颜色、气味等方面。例如：馒头如果变酸，则说明已经变质。课题2 化学是一门以实验为基础的科学 P16页参考答案 1、石蜡由固体变为液体属于物理变化；蜡烛燃烧属于化学变化；石蜡放在水中浮于水面属于对物理性质的描述；蜡烛在空气中能燃烧属于对化学性质的描述。课题3 走进化学实验室 P23页参考答案 1、胶头滴管试管量筒烧杯 2、B 3、按教科书要求利用家中的替代品进行固体药品取用、液体倾倒和排水集气等操作练习。有条件的学校也可以开放实验室，让学生在课余时间练习化学实验基本操作。教师要注意检查学生的练习情况。第二单元《我们周围的空气》课题1 空气 P32页参考答案 1、氮气氧气氮气氧气 2、①③⑤⑥，含有氮气、氧气、二氧化碳、稀有气体等成分（或其他合理答案） 3、（1）B （2）C （3）A 4、氮气，做保护气；氧气，抢救危重病人；二氧化碳，植物的光合作用；稀有气体，制作霓虹灯（或其他合理答案）。 5、此题属于开放性的习题，学生答案可有多种，不强求一致。在城镇繁华街道附近，一般空气质量较差，原因是多方面的，如机动车尾气、尘土、细菌等；在农村广阔的田野中，空气质量较好。 6、此题属于开放性的习题，学生可从多方面来认识“空气是一种宝贵的自然资源”。例如，制取氧气用于钢铁工业、医疗等。课题2 氧气 P36参考答案 1、将带火星的木条伸到集气瓶中，木条复燃则说明集气瓶中的气体是氧气。

当代研究生英语读写教程上Unit1课文+翻译

Unit 1 : cyberspace : if you don't love it ,leave it 信息空间：出入随愿 1 someth ing in the America n psyche loves new fron tiers. 美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。 We hanker after wide-ope n spaces ;we like to explore ;we like to make rules but refuse to follow them . 我们渴求宽敞的场地，我们喜欢探索，喜欢制定规章制度，却不愿去遵守。 But in this age it's hard to find a place where you can go and be yourself without worry ing about he n eighbours . 在当今时代，却很难找到一块空间，可以供你任意驰骋，又不必担心影响你的邻居。 There is such a place : cyberspace . 确实有这样一个空间，那就是信息空间 Formerly a playgro und for computer fans ,cyberspace . Formely a playgro und for computer fans ,cyberspace now embraces every con ceivable con stitue ncy : school childre n , flirtatious ,sin gles ,Hun garia n-America ns, acco untants . 这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地，但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有，包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。

dayin当代研究生英语下课后close完型中英对照翻译答案

UNIT 1 There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. 有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他出生时带的大脑排序。人类的大脑彼此之间有很大不同，有的有比别人多的能力。但不管他出生时有多好的大脑，个人将有低下的智力，除非他有学习的机会。因此第二个因素是在他长大的环境中发生了什么。如果一个人在环境方面有障碍，很可能他的大脑将无法发展，他将永远不会他能够达到的智力水平。同卵双胞胎彼得和约翰的经历可以说明环境对于一个人智力发展的重要性。当这对双胞胎三个月大，他们的父母去世了，他们分别被安置在不同的寄养家庭。彼得被寄养在一个孤立的社区并且教育机会少，低智商的父母家中。然而约翰，在生活富裕、上过大学的父母家中接受教育。这种环境差异继续到这对双胞胎十几岁时，当测试他们的智力时。约翰的I.Q.是125，高于普通人二十五点，比他的兄弟高出整整四十分。 UNIT 2 Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries. Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible. Scientists have discovered that the brain can make its own drugs. The brain contains a protein substance which can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity. Some may change or improve, for example, creativity,intelligence, imagination, and good memory. Chemicals found in the brain carry messages. In recent years scientists have found chemicals that affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mind. About 25 have been found so far. Today the role of chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour is creating much interest. Research seems to show that they may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illness. They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies. They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain. They hold the secret to mood and emotion. Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better and more efficient brain. 最近对人类大脑的研究报告中有一些有趣的发现：科学家认为一种改善大脑功能的方法可能很快成为可能。科学家们发现大脑可以产生自己的药物。大脑中含有一种蛋白物质，它可以直接作用于大脑以改变心理活动的各个方面。有些可能会改变或改善，例如，创造力，智力，想象力和良好的记忆力。在大脑中发现的化学物质携带着消息。近年来科学家们已发现影响情绪，记忆和大脑活动的其它化学物质。目前约25种已被发现。今天，化学物质和蛋白质物质在人类行为的作用引起了人们很大的兴趣。研究似乎表明，它们可能有助于控制失眠，疼痛，和精神病。它们有一个巨大的能力来刺激大脑克服不足。它们还提高记忆和大脑中应经存在的学习质量。他们保持情绪和情感的秘密。将来有一天，有可能会有一种化学方法来创造一个更好、更有效率的大脑。 Unit 3 By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material i n various representative tissue samples from infected peop le, and extrapolating form these samples to the entire bod y, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, maybe fe wer, is infected with HIV. This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers th at leads to AIDS. 通过测试被感染者具有代表性的组织样本中HIV 的遗传材料，从这些样本推算整个身体，哈泽估计，最多1 ／2500，或许更少，感染了HIV。这对于直接杀死细胞引起细胞大量消亡而导致艾滋病是远远不够的。 Haase says that his own work now shows that large n umbers of CD4 cell are becoming trapped in lymph tissue , and he believes that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells. In common with a number of other researchers, he also believes that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected CD4 c ells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide,or apoptosis-a separate process that has been a subject of res earch throughout the 1990s . 哈泽说自己现在的工作表明，大量的CD4细胞被困在淋巴组织，而且他认为，艾滋病病毒会破坏新细胞的产生。研究人员普遍认为，艾滋病毒可以通过触发细胞自毁或消亡，导致未受感染的CD4细胞减少。在20世纪90年代这一过程曾是一个研究课题。 Taken together, these findings clearly suggest that H IV keeps the immune system in a state of constant activati on, and unbalances it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,b

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