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微观经济学练习题与答案英文版

Chapter 01

Thinking Like an Economist Multiple Choice Questions

1. Economics is best defined as the study of:

A. prices and quantities.

B. inflation and interest rates.

C. how people make choices under the conditions of scarcity and the results of those choices.

D. wages and incomes.

2. Economic questions always deal with:

A. financial matters.

B. political matters.

C. insufficient resources.

D. choice in the face of limited resources.

3. The range of topics or issues that fit within the definition of economics is:

A. limited to market activities, e.g., buying soap.

B. limited to individuals and firms.

C. extremely wide, requiring only the ideas of choice and scarcity.

D. very limited.

4. The central concern of economics is:

A. poverty.

B. scarcity.

C. wealth accumulation.

D. overconsumption.

5. The scarcity principle indicates that:

A. no matter how much one has, it is never enough.

B. compared to 100 years ago, individuals have less time today.

C. with limited resources, having more of "this" means having less of "that."

D. because tradeoffs must be made, resources are therefore scarce.

6. The logical implication of the scarcity principle is that:

A. one will never be satisfied with what one has.

B. as wealth increases, making choices becomes less necessary.

C. as wealth decreases, making choices becomes less necessary.

D. choices must be made.

7. If all the world's resources were to magically increase a hundredfold, then:

A. the scarcity principle would still govern behavior.

B. economics would no longer be relevant.

C. the scarcity principle would disappear.

D. tradeoffs would become unnecessary.

8. The principle of scarcity applies to:

A. the poor exclusively.

B. all consumers.

C. all firms.

D. everyone—consumers, firms, governments, and nations.

9. At the very least, Joe Average and Bill Gates are both identically limited by:

A. their wealth.

B. the 24 hours that comprise a day.

C. their knowledge.

D. their influence.

10. Forest is a mountain man living in complete isolation in Montana. He is completely self-sufficient through hunting, fishing, and farming. He has not been in the city to buy anything in five years. One can infer:

A. the scarcity principle does not apply to Forest.

B. Forest is not required to make choices.

C. the scarcity principle still applies because more hunting means less fishing and farming.

D. Forest is very satisfied.

11. The scarcity principle applies to:

A. all decisions.

B. only market decisions, e.g., buying a car.

C. only non-market decisions, e.g., watching a sunset.

D. only the poor.

12. Chris has a one-hour break between classes every Wednesday. Chris can either stay at the library and study or go to the gym and work out. The decision Chris must make is:

A. not an economic problem because neither one costs money.

B. not an economic problem because it's an hour that is wasted no matter what Chris does.

C. an economic problem because the tuition Chris pays covers both the gym and the library.

D. an economic problem because Chris has only one hour during which he can study or work out.

13. Josh wants to go to the football game this weekend, but he has a paper due on Monday. It will take him the whole weekend to write the paper. Josh decided to stay home and work on the paper. According to the scarcity principle, the reason Josh didn't go to the game is that:

A. Josh prefers schoolwork to football games.

B. writing the paper is easier than going to the game.

C. Josh doesn't have enough time for writing the paper and going to the game.

D. it's too expensive to go to the game.

14. Whether studying the size of the U.S. economy or the number of children a couple will choose to have, the unifying concept is that wants are:

A. limited, resources are limited, and thus choices must be made.

B. unlimited, resources are limited, and thus choices must be made.

C. unlimited, resources are limited to some but not to others, and thus some people must make choices.

D. unlimited, resources are limited, and thus government needs to do more.

15. The cost-benefit principle indicates that an action should be taken:

A. if the total benefits exceed the total costs.

B. if the average benefits exceed the average costs.

C. if the net benefit (benefit minus cost) is zero.

D. if the extra benefit is greater than or equal to the extra costs.

16. When a person decides to pursue an activity as long as the extra benefits are at least equal to the extra costs, that person is:

A. violating the cost-benefit principle.

B. following the scarcity principle.

C. following the cost-benefit principle.

D. pursuing the activity too long.

17. Choosing to study for an exam until the extra benefit (improved score) equals the extra cost (mental fatigue) is:

A. not rational.

B. an application of the cost-benefit principle.

C. an application of the scarcity principle.

D. the relevant opportunity cost.

18. The scarcity principle tells us that __________, and the cost-benefit principle tells us __________.

A. choices must be made; how to make the choices

B. choices must be made; that the costs can never outweigh the benefits of the choices

C. rare goods are expensive; that the costs should outweigh the benefits of the choices

D. rare goods are expensive; that the costs can never outweigh the benefits of the choices

19. According to the cost-benefit principle:

A. the lowest cost activity usually gives the lowest benefit.

B. a person should always choose the activity with the lowest cost.

C. a person should always choose the activity with the greatest benefit.

D. the extra costs and benefits of an activity are more important considerations than the total costs and benefits.

20. A rational person is one who:

A. is reasonable.

B. makes choices that are easily understood.

C. possesses well-defined goals and seeks to achieve them.

D. is highly cynical.

21. The seventh glass of soda that Tim consumes will produce an extra benefit of 10 cents and has an extra cost of zero (Tim is eating at the cafeteria). The cost-benefit principle predicts that Tim will:

A. realize he has had too much soda to drink and go home.

B. drink the seventh glass and continue until the marginal benefit of drinking another glass of soda is zero.

C. volunteer to empty out the fountain.

D. not drink the seventh glass.

22. Janie must either mow the lawn or wash clothes, earning her a benefit of $30 or $45, respectively. She dislikes both equally and they both take the same amount of time. Janie will therefore choose to _________ because the economic surplus is ________.

A. mow the lawn; greater

B. wash clothes; greater

C. mow the lawn; smaller

D. wash clothes; smaller

23. Dean decided to play golf rather than prepare for tomorrow's exam in economics. One can infer that:

A. Dean has made an irrational choice.

B. Dean is doing poorly in his economics class.

C. the economic surplus from playing golf exceeded the surplus from studying.

D. the cost of studying was less than the cost of golfing.

Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year.

24. The opportunity cost of attending Elite U is:

A. $50,000

B. $10,000

C. $20,000

D. $15,000

25. The opportunity cost of attending State College is:

A. $30,000

B. $20,000

C. $15,000

D. $10,000

26. Larry maximizes his surplus by attending:

A. Elite U, because $60,000 is greater than the benefit at the other schools.

B. State College, because the difference between the benefit and cost is greatest there.

C. NoName U, because Larry has a full scholarship there.

D. Elite U, because the opportunity costs of attending Elite U are the lowest.

27. Larry has decided to go to Elite U. Assuming that all of the values described are correct, for Larry to decide on Elite U, he must have:

A. calculated his surplus from each choice and picked the one with the highest surplus.

B. underestimated the benefits of attending NoName.

C. miscalculated the surplus of attending Elite U.

D. determined the opportunity cost of each choice and picked the one with the lowest opportunity cost.

28. Jen spends her afternoon at the beach, paying $1 to rent a beach umbrella and $11 for food and drinks rather than spending an equal amount of money to go to a movie. The opportunity cost of going to the beach is:

A. the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.

B. only $1 because she would have spent the money on food and drinks whether or not she went to the beach.

C. the movie she missed seeing.

D. the movie she missed seeing plus the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.

29. Relative to a person who earns minimum wage, a person who earns $30 per hour has:

A. a lower opportunity cost of working longer hours.

B. a higher opportunity cost of taking a day off.

C. a lower opportunity cost of driving farther to work.

D. the same opportunity cost of spending time on leisure activities.

30. The opportunity cost of an activity is the value of:

A. an alternative forgone.

B. the next-best alternative forgone.

C. the least-best alternative forgone.

D. the difference between the chosen activity and the next-best alternative forgone.

31. Amy is thinking about going to the movies tonight. A ticket costs $7 and she will have to cancel her dog-sitting job that pays $30. The cost of seeing the movie is:

A. $7.

B. $30.

C. $37.

D. $37 minus the benefit of seeing the movie.

32. Economic surplus is:

A. the benefit gained by taking an action.

B. the price paid to take an action.

C. the difference between the benefit gained and the cost incurred of taking an action.

D. the wage someone would have to earn in order to take an action.

33. The Governor of your state has cut the budget for the University and increased spending on Medicaid. This is an example of:

A. the pitfalls of considering average costs instead of marginal costs.

B. poor normative economic decision making.

C. poor positive economic decision making.

D. choice in the face of limited resources.

34. Sally earned $25,000 per year before she became a mother. After she became a mother, she told her employer that her opportunity cost of working is now $50,000, and so she is not willing to work for anything less. Her decision is based on:

A. the high cost of raising a child.

B. her desire to save for her child's college expenses.

C. her increased value to her employer.

D. the value she places on spending time with her child.

35. Alex received a four-year scholarship to State U. that covered tuition and fees, room and board, and books and supplies. As a result:

A. attending State U. for four years is costless for Alex.

B. Alex has no incentive to work hard while at State U.

C. the cost of attending State U. is the amount of money Alex could have earned working for four years.

D. the cost of attending State U. is the sum of the benefits Alex would have had attending each of the four other schools to which Alex had been admitted.

36. Suppose Mary is willing to pay up to $15,000 for a used Ford pick-up truck, but she finds one for $12,000. Her __________ is __________.

A. benefit; $12,000

B. cost; $15,000

C. economic surplus; $3,000

D. economic surplus; $12,000

37. In general, rational decision making requires one to choose the actions that yield the:

A. largest total benefits.

B. smallest total costs.

C. smallest net benefits.

D. largest economic surpluses.

38. Suppose the most you would be willing to pay for a plane ticket home is $250, but you buy one online for $175. The economic surplus of buying the online ticket is:

A. $175.

B. $250.

C. $75.

D. $0.

39. The use of economic models, like the cost-benefit principle, means economists believe that:

A. this is exactly how people choose between alternatives.

B. this is a reasonable abstraction of how people choose between alternatives.

C. those who explicitly make decisions this way are smarter.

D. with enough education, all people will start to explicitly make decisions this way.

40. Jenna decides to see a movie that costs $7 for the ticket and has an opportunity cost of $20. After the movie, she says to one of her friends that the movie was not worth it. Apparently:

A. Jenna failed to apply the cost-benefit model to her decision.

B. Jenna was not rational.

C. Jenna overestimated the benefits of the movie.

D. Jenna underestimated the benefits of the movie.

41. Most of us make sensible decisions most of the time, because:

A. we know the cost-benefit principle.

B. subconsciously we are weighing costs and benefits.

C. most people know about the scarcity principle.

D. we conduct hypothetical mental auctions when we make decisions.

42. Suppose a person makes a choice that seems inconsistent with the cost-benefit principle. Which of the following statements represents the most reasonable conclusion to draw?

A. The person (explicitly or implicitly) over-estimated the benefits or under-estimated the costs or both.

B. The cost-benefit principle is rarely true.

C. The person does not grasp how decisions should be made.

D. The person is simply irrational.

43. Economic models are intended to:

A. apply to all examples equally well.

B. eliminate differences in the way people behave.

C. generalize about patterns in decision-making.

D. distinguish economics students from everyone else.

44. Economic models claim to be:

A. reasonable abstractions of how people make choices, highlighting the most important factors.

B. exact replications of the decision-making process people use.

C. interesting chalkboard exercises with little applicability to the real world.

D. exceptionally accurate methods of predicting nearly all behavior of everyone.

45. The cost-benefit model used by economists is:

A. unrealistic because it is too detailed and specific to apply to a variety of situations.

B. unrealistic because everyone can think of times when he or she violated the principle.

C. useful because everyone follows it all of the time.

D. useful because most people follow it most of the time.

46. Barry owns a clothing store in the mall and has asked two economic consultants to develop models of consumer behavior that he can use to increase sales. Barry should choose the model that:

A. does not include simplifying assumptions.

B. is the most detailed and complex.

C. assumes that consumers apply the cost-benefit principle.

D. predicts that consumers will always prefer Barry's store to the competing stores.

47. Economists use abstract models because:

A. every economic situation is unique, so it is impossible to make generalizations.

B. every economic situation is essentially the same, so specific details are unnecessary.

C. they are useful for describing general patterns of behavior.

D. computers have allowed economists to develop abstract models.

48. Most people make some decisions based on intuition rather than calculation. This is:

A. irrational, because intuition is often wrong.

B. consistent with the economic model of decision-making, because calculating costs and benefits leads to decision-making pitfalls.

C. consistent with the economic model because people intuitively compare the relative costs and benefits of the choices they face.

D. inconsistent with the economic model, but rational because intuition takes into account non-financial considerations.

49. Moe has a big exam tomorrow. He considered studying this evening, but decided to go out with Curly instead. Since Moe always chooses rationally, it must be true that: A. the opportunity cost of studying tonight is less than the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly.

B. the opportunity cost of studying tonight is equal to the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly minus the cost of earning a low grade on the exam.

C. Moe gets more benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.

D. Moe gets less benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.

50. If one fails to account for implicit costs in decision making, then applying the

cost-benefit rule will be flawed because:

A. the benefits will be overstated.

B. the costs will be understated.

C. the benefits will be understated.

D. the costs will be overstated.

Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450.

51. If you do not use the frequent-flyer coupon to fly, should you go to Miami?

A. Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.

B. No, your benefit is less than your cost.

C. Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.

D. No, because there are no benefits in the trip.

52. What is the opportunity cost of using the coupon for the Miami trip?

A. $100

B. $450

C. $500

D. $550

53. If you use the frequent-flyer coupon to fly to Atlanta, would you get any economic surplus by making the trip?

A. No, there is a loss of $50.

B. Yes, surplus of $350.

C. Yes, surplus of $400.

D. Yes, surplus of $100.

54. If the Chicago-Atlanta round-trip air fare is $350, should you go to Miami?

A. No, there is a loss of $50.

B. No, there is a loss of $100.

C. Yes, there is economic surplus of $50.

D. Yes, there is economic surplus of $400.

55. Pat earns $25,000 per year (after taxes), and Pat's spouse, Chris, earns $35,000 (after taxes). They have two pre-school children. Childcare for their children costs $12,000 per year. Pat has decided to stay home and take care of the children. Pat must:

A. value spending time with the children by more than $25,000.

B. value spending time with the children by more than $12,000.

C. value spending time with the children by more than $13,000.

D. value spending time with the children as much as does Chris.

You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. (Assume that you would not have been willing to pay any more than $35 for this concert.) Your boss called and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You will have to work 4 hours and she will pay you time and a half, which is $9/hr.

56. Should you go to the concert instead of working Saturday?

A. Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.

B. No, your benefit is less than your cost.

C. Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.

D. No, because there are no benefits in the concert.

57. What is the opportunity cost of going to the concert?

A. $1

B. $9

C. $35

D. $36

58. What is your opportunity cost, if you go to work on Saturday?

A. $0

B. $9

C. $35

D. $36

59. Your economic surplus of going to work on Saturday is:

A. $0

B. $1

C. $35

D. $36

Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books via the Internet with next day delivery to his home at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16.因为他们提供75折的正常价格16美元。

60. The benefit to Matt of buying his books at the bookstore is _____.

A. $5

B. $9

C. $170

D. $175

61. The benefit to Matt was ____ from driving to campus to buy the concert ticket last week.

A. $2

B. $4

C. $9

D. $16

62. According to the cost-benefit principle:

A. it would not be rational for Matt to drive to campus to purchase the books because the $5 saving is only two percent of the cost of the books, and that is much less than the 25 percent he saved on the concert ticket.

B. it would be rational for Matt to drive to campus to purchase the books because it costs less to buy the books there than via the Internet.

C. it would be rational for Matt to drive to campus to purchase the books because the $5 saving is more than he saved by driving there to buy the concert ticket.

D. it would not be rational for Matt to drive to campus to purchase the books because the cost of gas and his time must certainly be more than the $5 he would save.

63. Assume the minimum that Matt would be willing to accept to drive to the university campus is equal to the amount he saved on the concert ticket. What would be the amount of his economic surplus if he bought his textbooks at the university bookstore rather than via the Internet?

A. $5

B. $1

C. $50

D. $20

64. The marginal benefit of an activity is the:

A. same as the total benefits of the activity.

B. total benefit divided by the level of the activity.

C. extra benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.

D. total benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.

65. If the marginal costs of 1, 2, and 3 hours of talking on the phone are $50, $75, and $105 respectively, then the total costs are of 1, 2 and 3 hours of talking on the phone are:

A. $50, $150, and $315 respectively.

B. $50, $41.67, and $115 respectively.

C. $50, $125, and $230 respectively.

D. $50, $175, and $405 respectively.

66. If the total benefits of watching 1, 2, and 3 baseball games on TV are 100, 120, and 125 respectively, then the marginal benefits of watching 1, 2 and 3 baseball games on TV are:

A. 100,120, and 125 respectively.

B. 100, 20, and 5 respectively.

C. 100, 609, and 41.67 respectively.

D. 100, 240, and 375 respectively.

67. The extra benefit that comes from an extra unit of activity is called the _________ of the activity.

A. marginal benefit

B. marginal cost

C. average benefit

D. reservation benefit

68. The marginal cost of an activity is the:

A. change in the cost of the activity that results from an extra unit of the activity.

B. same as the total cost of the activity.

C. ratio of total cost to the level of the activity.

D. change in the level of the activity divided by the change in the cost of the activity.

69. The extra cost that results from an extra unit of an activity is the:

A. marginal benefit.

B. marginal cost.

C. reservation cost.

D. same as the opportunity cost.

70. Dividing the total cost of n units of an activity by n reveals the:

A. average benefit.

B. marginal cost.

C. units per cost.

D. average cost.

71. You had to pay $600 (non-refundable) for your meal plan for the Fall semester, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat all of the meals, your average cost for a meal equals:

A. $6.

B. $5.

C. $4.

D. $0.25.

72. You had to pay $600 (non-refundable) for your meal plan for Fall semester which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat only 100 meals, your average cost for a meal equals:

A. $6.

B. $5.

C. $4.

D. $0.25.

73. You had to pay $600 (non-refundable) for your meal plan for Fall semester, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat only 100 meals, your marginal cost for the

100th meal is:

A. $6

B. $4

C. $0.25

D. $0

74. The average benefit of an activity is the:

A. total benefit of the activity divided by the number of units.

B. number of units divided by the total benefit of the activity.

C. number of units times the total benefit of the activity.

D. extra benefit for one additional unit of the activity.

75. You save $10 on gas every week since you live close to the bus stop. You have class five days a week. What is your average benefit per day for living close to the bus stop?

A. $10

B. $5

C. $2

D. $1.43

76. Your scholarship depends on your maintaining a 3.5 cumulative GPA. Your GPA for last semester was 3.6, which brought your cumulative GPA down. What must be true?

A. Your marginal grades (last semester's grades) were higher than your overall GPA.

B. Your marginal grades (last semester's grades) were lower than your overall GPA.

C. If this semester's grades are the same as last semester's, your overall GPA will stay the same.

D. If this semester's grades are the same as last semester's, you might lose your scholarship.

77. Refer to the table above. The average cost of 4 units of this activity is:

A. $20

B. $25

C. $30

D. $40

78. Refer to the table above. The marginal cost of the 3rd unit of this activity is:

A. $30

B. $25

C. $20

D. $10

79. Refer to the table above. The average benefit of 3 units of activity is:

A. $80

B. $60

C. $40

D. $20

80. Refer to the table above. The marginal benefit of the 5th unit of activity is:

A. $60

B. $50

C. $5

D. $0

81. Refer to the table above. According to the cost-benefit principle, the level of activity that provides the largest net benefit is:

A. 1

B. 3

C. 4

D. 6

82. Refer to the table above. The average cost of 5 units of activity is:

A. $1

B. $2

C. $3

D. $4

83. Refer to the table above. The marginal cost of the 4th unit of activity is:

A. $1

B. $2

C. $3

D. $4

84. Refer to the table above. The average benefit of 4 units of activity is:

A. $4

B. $5

C. $6

D. $10

85. Refer to the table above. The marginal benefit of the 6th unit of activity is:

A. $1

B. $2

C. $4

D. $10

86. Refer to the table above. According to the cost-benefit principle, the level of activity that provides the largest net benefit is:

A. 1

B. 4

C. 5

D. 7

87. Refer to the table above. The total value of donations raised by three employees is: 三名雇员的善款的总价值是：

A. $43,899.

B. $45,000.

C. $48,911.

D. $51,963.

88. Refer to the table above. The total labor cost of 4 employees is:

A. $21,500.

B. $22,000.

C. $38,000.

D. $43,121.

微观经济学试题及答案

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效用分别为50和18。如果要获得最大效用，他应该（）。 A.增加X购买，同时减少Y的购买 B.增加X购买，同时增加Y的购买 C.减少X购买，同时增加Y的购买 D.减少X购买，同时减少Y的购买 6、某厂商每年从企业的总收入中取出一部分作为自己所提供的生产要素的报酬,这部分资金被视为（）。 A. 显成本 B. 隐成本 C. 会计成本 D. 经济利润 7、在囚犯的两难选择中，（）。 A.双方独立依照自身利益行事，导致最好的结果 B.双方进行合作，得到了最好的结果 C.双方独立依照自身利益行事，导致最不利的局面 D.以上说法均不正确 8、基尼系数的增大将表明（）。 A．收入不平均程度的增加 B．收入不平均程度的减少C．洛伦兹曲线与横轴重合 D．洛伦兹曲线与纵轴重合 9、如果上游工厂污染了下游居民的饮水，按科斯定理问题即可妥善解决。（） A．不管财产权是否明确，只要交易成本为零 B．只要财产权明确，且交易成本为零 C．只要财产权明确，不管交易成本有多大

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8.当某人面对一张彩票时，如果是212111UW P W PU W P PW U )()(])([-+?-+，则意味着这个人是属于下列哪一类人 ( ) A ．风险回避者 B ．风险喜爱者 C ．风险中立者 D ．都不是 9.如果某厂商增加一单位劳动使用量能够减少三单位资本，而仍生产同样的产出量，则MRTS LK 为：（） A 1/3 B 3 C -3 D 6 10. MC 曲线达到最低时（） A MP 最大 B AV C 最小 C TC 最大 D AC 最小 11.某厂商每年从企业的总收入中取出一部分作为自己所提供的生产要素的报酬,这部分资金被视为（）。 A 、显成本； B 、隐成本； C 、会计成本 D 、经济利润。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f15236300.html,C 曲线（）。 A 当LMC ＜LAC 时下降，而当LMC ＞LAC 时上升 B 随LM C 曲线下降而下降 C ．随LMC 曲线上升而上升 D.通过LMC 曲线的最低点 13. 在完全竞争市场中，（）。 A 消费者是价格接受者，而企业不是 B 消费者和企业都不是价格接受者 C 消费者和企业都是价格接受者 D 企业是价格接受者，而消费者不是 14．一个企业在以下哪种情况下应该关闭？（） A P ＜AVC B P ＜SAC C 发生亏损时 D SMC ＞MR 15.短期内，完全竞争厂商只能通过对（）调整来实现最大利润。 A.生产规模 B.价格 C.全部生产要素 D.产量 16. 完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线应该是（） A 曲线上超过平均成本最低点的部分 B 曲线上超过收支相抵点的部分 C 曲线上的停止营业点和超过停止营业点以上的部分 D 曲线上的收支相抵点和超过收支相抵点以上的部分 17.下列哪一种情况对单一价格垄断者是不正确的？( ) A. 由于只有一个企业，企业的需求就是行业的需求 B. 由于没有替代品，需求缺乏弹性 C. 平均收益曲线就是需求曲线 D. 边际收益小于价格 18.寡头垄断和垄断竞争之间的主要区别是（）。 a.厂商的广告开支不同 b.非价格竞争的种类不同 c.厂商之间相互影响的程度不同 d.以上都不对 19. 下列那一个不是垄断竞争的特征（） A.厂商数目很少 B.进出该行业容易 C.存在产品差别 D.厂商忽略竞争对手的反应

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C．水稻 D．汽车 1．在完全竞争长期均衡中，如果企业成本不变，市场供给量的增加( ) A．全部来自原有企业 B．全部来自新增企业 C．部分来自原有企业，部分来自新增企业 D．以上三种情况都有可能 2．在完全价格歧视下，（） A．需求曲线变成了边际收益曲线 B．需求曲线变成了总收益曲线 C．边际成本曲线变成了边际收益曲线 D．边际成本曲线变成了总收益曲线 3．当生产的产品价格上升时，作为在竞争性市场中一个追求利润最大化的厂商而言，对劳动的需求曲线将（） A．左移 B．右移 C．变平坦 D．不受影响 4．下列各种成本中，哪条成本曲线的变动规律是向右下方倾斜( ) A．平均固定成本

B．平均可变成本 C．短期边际成本 D．短期总成本 5．厂商在短期均衡产量上，如果AR小于SAC，但大于A VC，则厂商（） A．亏损，但继续生产 B．亏损，立即停产 C．获利，继续生产 D．亏损，生产与否都可 6．下列关于洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数的论述，错误的是（） A．洛伦兹曲线弯曲程度越大，基尼系数越大 B．基尼系数越大，说明收入分配越不公平 C．洛伦兹曲线越靠近对角线，说明基尼系数越大D．洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数都是描述收入分配公平程度的指标 7．商品X、Y的价格按相同的比例上升，而收入不变，预算线（） A．向左下方平行移动 B．向右下方平行移动 C．不变动 D．转动 8．生产可能性边界图形的轴线用于衡量（）

A．生产性投入或资源的数量 B．产成品的数量 C．产成品的价值 D．上述答案均正确 9．如果边际成本在一定产量范围内大于平均成本，则在该范围内，产量的增加都将促使平均成本（）A．升高 B．降低 C．升高或降低取决于可变成本的变化 D．保持不变 10．假定某歌唱演员的年薪为10万元，但他（她）从事其他职业最多只能得到3万元，则这个演员所获得的经济租金为（） A．10万元 B．3万元 C．7万元 D．13万元 11．帕累托最优配置是指（） A．总产量达到最大 B．边际效用达到最大 C．消费者得到他们想要的所有东西 D．没有一个人可以在不使任何他人境况变坏的条件下使得自己境况变得更好

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微观经济学模拟试题五、作图说明题（ 6 分）利用图说明厂商在既定产量条件下是如何实现最小成本的最优要素组合的。六、简答题（每小题 6 分，共12 分） 1 ．简述边际效用递减规律并举例说明。 2 ．简述消费者的要素供给原则。七、论述题（共13 分）论述市场失灵的原因及其解决办法。《微观经济》模拟试题B答案五、用等产量线和等成本线为工具进行分析要点：（1）只有一条等产量线，有三条等成本线；（2）厂商实现既定产量条件下成本最小化的均衡条件是MRTS LK =MP L /MP K =w/r 六、答案要点： 1 、边际效用递减规律是指在一定时间内，在其他商品的消费数量保持不变的条件下，随着消费者对某种商品消费量的增加，消费者从该商品连续增加的每一消费单位中所得到的效用增量即边际效用是递减的。（具体举例略） 2 、（1）要素供给者遵循的是效用最大化原则，即作为“要素供给”的资源的边际效用要与作为“保留自用”的资源的边际效用相等；（2）要素供给的边际效用等于要素供给的边际收入与收入的边际效用的乘积；（3）自用资源的边际效用是效用增量与自用资源增量之比的极限值，既增加一单位自用资源所带来的效用增量。七、答案要点：市场失灵是指市场机制在很多场合不能使资源达到最优配置，是自由的市场均衡偏离帕累托最优的一种情况，造成市场失灵的主要情况有垄断、外部性、公共物品、不完全信息：（1）垄断垄断厂商定价会大于边际成本，而不像完全竞争厂商那样把生产进行到长期平均成本最低时才达到长期均衡，结果使生产资源不能达到最佳利用，损失了社会福利，出现低效率的资源配置状态。解决办法：政府实施反垄断法、放松市场准入等政策措施对垄断加以限制；对自然垄断部门尤其是公用事业部门进行定价管制。（2）外部性外部性是指某人的经济活动给第三者或社会造成的影响，而又未将这些影响计入市场交易的成本和收益之中，使私人活动水平低于或高于社会要求的最优水平，导致资源配置偏离帕累托最优。解决办法：对造成外部经济的企业补贴，对外部不经济的企业征税；企业合并使外部效应内部化；规定财产权。（3）公共物品公共物品的特点是非排他性、非竞争性，决定了单个消费者享用公共物品时都想“搭便车”，导致公共物品低于最优数量的产出，甚至是零产出。解决办法：公共物品只能由政府来提供，政府根据成本——收益分析作出决策。（4）不完全信息不完全信息指市场上供求双方掌握的信息是不完全、不对称的。信息不完全会破坏市场效率，产生逆向选择、道德风险、委托——代理问题。解决办法：政府要进行信息调控、增加市场透明度，以保证消费者、生产者得到正确充分的市场信息。

微观经济学试题附答案

微观经济学试题一、填空题：在题目中的空格上填入正确答案 1、微观经济学研究对象是；解决的问题是；中心理论是；研究方法是。 2、两种互补商品之间价格与需求量成方向变动，两种替代商品之间价格与需求量成方向变动。 3、均衡价格是指一种商品的与相等时的价格，它在图形上是和相交时的价格。 4、当边际效用为正数时，总效用是；当边际效用为零时，总效用；当边际效用为负数时，总效用是。 5、等产量线是一条向倾斜，其斜率为。在同一平面图上有条等产量线，它们互相不能相交，离原点越远的等产量线所代表的产量水平。 6、边际成本曲线与平均成本曲线相交于平均成本曲线的。在边际成本曲线与平均成本曲线相交之前，边际成本平均成本；而在相交后，边际成本平均成本；只有在相交时，边际成本平均成本，这时，平均成本处于。 7、在完全竞争市场上，平均收益边际收益；而在其他市场上，一般是平均收益边际收益。 8、经济生产的选择包括、、这样三个问题，这三个问题被称为问题。 9、生产可能线又称，它是一条表明在条件下，社会可能达到的两种产品最大产量组合的曲线。 10、当今世界上解决资源配置和资源利用的经济经济体制基本有两种，一种是，一种是。 11、宏观经济学研究的对象是，解决的问题是，中心理论是，研究方法是。 12、微观经济学基本假设条件有、、。 13、需求弹性分为、、。 14、根据需求弹性的弹性系数的大小，可以把需求的价格弹性分为：、、、、、五类。 15、在需求价格弹性大于1的条件下，卖者适当降低价格能总收益。 16、在需求价格弹性小于1的条件下，卖者适当价格能增加总收益。 17、基数效用论采用的是分析法，序数效用论采用分析法。

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微观经济学试卷一一、单项选择题（每题2分，共30分） 1．资源稀缺是指（）。 A．世界上大多数人处于贫困之中B．相对于人们的欲望而言，资源是不足的 C．资源要保留给我们的未来D．资源最终会被耗光 2．已知某商品的需求函数和供给函数分别为：QD=14-3P，QS=2+6P,该商品的均衡价格是（）。A．4/3 B．4/5 C．2/5 D．5/2 3．总效用曲线达到顶点时（） A．边际效用曲线达到最大点B．边际效用为零 C．边际效用为正D．边际效用为负 4．假定某企业全部成本函数为TC=30000+5Q-Q2，Q为产出数量。那么TVC为（）A．30000 B．5Q-Q2 C．5-Q D．30000/Q 5．生产要素的需求曲线之所以向右下方倾斜，是因为（） A．要素的边际产品价值递减B．要素生产的产品的边际效用递减 C．要素参加生产的规模报酬递减D．以上均不正确 6．在完全竞争市场上（） A．产品有差别B．产品无差别C．有的有差别，有的无差别D．以上说法都对7．完全竞争市场的厂商短期供给曲线是指（） A．A VC >SMC中的那部分A VC曲线B．AC > SMC中的那部分AC曲线 C．SMC≥A VC那部分SMC曲线D．SMC≥AC那部分SMC曲线 8．已知一元钱的边际效用为3个单位，一支钢笔的边际效用为36个单位，则消费者愿意花（）购买这支钢笔A．12元B．36元C．3元D．108元 9．一般来说，香烟的蛛网形状是（） A．收敛型B．发散型C．封闭型D．不确定 10．已知X、Y两种商品的交叉弹性为1.8，则这两种商品为 A．独立品B．替代品C．补充品D．不能确定 11．如果商品的需求弹性为0.6供给弹性为1.5，则销售税（） A．主要由消费者承担B．主要由生产者负担 C．由生产者和消费者均等地负担D．全部由生产者负担 12．某旅游景点，对一般参观者门票为50元，对中小学生门票为25元，这种价格策略为( )。A．一级差别价格B．二级差别价格C．三级差别价格D．无差别价格13．当X商品的价格下降时，替代效应=+2，收入效应=-1，则该商品很可能是（）。A．正常商品B．一般低档商品C．吉芬商品D．奢侈品 14．已知某商品的需求量增加80%，而同期消费者的收入却增加了40%，则该商品很可能是（）。A．必需品B．奢侈品C．一般低档商品D．吉芬商品15．已知某商品的需求价格弹性为1.2，供给价格弹性为1，则价格波动形成的蛛网形状是（）。A．收敛型B．发散型C．封闭型D．不能确定二、名词解释（每题5分，共40分） 1．需求的价格弹性（Price elasticity of demand） 2．边际效用（Marginal Utility） 3．消费者均衡（Consumer`s equilibrium） 4．无差异曲线（Indifference curve） 5．吉芬物品（Giffen good）

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2010--2011学年第二学期期末考试卷《微观经济学》（B） 1. 需求就是欲望。（） 2. 假定其它条件不变，某商品价格下降将引起需求量的增加和供给量的减少。（）3．效用因人因时因地的不同而不同。（） 4．市场需求是所有个人需求的总和。（） 5．需求的变动是指商品本身价格变动所引起的该商品的需求数量的变动。（） 6．当消费者的收入发生变化时，会引起需求曲线的移动。（） 7．卖者提高价格肯定会增加销售收入。（） 8．在几何图形上，供给量的变动表现为商品的价格-供给量组合点沿着同一条既定的供给曲线运动。（） 9．某商品的可替代品越多，相近程度越高，则该商品需求弹性往往就越大。（）10．任何情况下商品的需求量与价格都是反方向变化的。（） 11．当对农产品的需求缺乏弹性时，粮食丰收，粮价下跌，农民收入反而会减少。（）12．如果两种商品具有替代关系，则相应的需求交叉价格弹性系数为负。（） 13．在同一条无差异曲线上，不同的消费者得到的效用水平是无差异的。（） 14．吉芬物品是一种需求量与价格同方向变化的特殊商品。（） 15．当消费某种物品的边际效用为负时，则总效用达极大值。（） 16．当边际效用减少时，总效用也是减少的。（） 17．基数效用论的分析方法包括边际效用分析和无差异曲线分析方法。（） 18．在同一条无差异曲线上，任意两点对应的两种商品不同数量组合所能带来的边际效用相等。（） 19．生产理论中的短期是指未能调整全部生产要素的时期。（） 20．能提供相同效用的不同商品数量组合的点的连线即为等产量曲线。（）三、选择（每题1分，共20分） 1．微观经济学的对消费者基本假设是（） A．完全信息的假设 B．完全竞争的假设 C．合乎理性的人的假设 D．边际效用递减的假设 2．西方经济学研究并解决的问题是（） A．货币的分配 B．涉及垄断问题 C．产量的确定 D．稀缺资源的合理配置 3．下列几组商品属于替代品的有（） A．面粉和肉 B．汽油和汽车 C．羊肉和牛肉 D．光录音机和磁带 4．粮食市场的需求是缺乏弹性的，当粮食产量因灾害而减少时（） A．粮食生产者的收入减少，因粮食产量下降 B．粮食生产者的收入增加，因粮食价格会更大幅度上升 C．粮食生产者的收入减少，因粮食需求量会大幅度减少 D．粮食生产者的收入不变，因粮食价格上升与需求量减少的比率相同 5．需求量的变动是指（） A．由于价格变动引起的需求的变动 B．非价格因素引起的需求量的变动 C．同一条需求曲线上点的移动 D．需求曲线的移动

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微观经济学题库第一章导论一、选择题 1、下列哪一种资源是最不具稀缺的？（） A、医生； B、苹果； C、铁矿石； D、经济学课程； E、空气。 2、下列中的哪一个属于规范经济问题？（） A、通货膨胀和失业是由什么引起的？ B、政府应该雇用所有失业的工人吗？ C、消费者如何对较低的价格做出反映？ D、收入和储蓄之间的关系是什么？ 3、经济学可定义为( )。 A、政府对市场经济的调节 B、企业获取报酬的活动 C、研究如何最合理地分配稀缺资源及不同的用途 D、人们靠工资生活 4、经济学主要是研究( )。 A、与稀缺性和选择有关的问题 B、如何在证券市场上盈利 C、何时无法作出选择 D、用数学方法建立模型 5、“资源是稀缺的”是指( )。 A、世界上大多数人生活在贫困中 B、相对于资源的需求而言，资源总是不足的 C、资源必须保留给下一代 D、世界上的资源最终要被消

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曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章

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1 Chapter 1 Ten Principles of Economics Multiple Choice 1. The word that comes from the Greek word for "one who manages a household" is a. market. b. consumer. c. producer. d. economy. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 2. The word “economy” comes from the Greek word oikonomos , which means a. “environment.” b. “production.” c. “one who manages a househol d.” d. “one who makes decisions.” ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 3. Resources are a. scarce for households but plentiful for economies. b. plentiful for households but scarce for economies. c. scarce for households and scarce for economies. d. plentiful for households and plentiful for economies. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Resources, Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 4. Economics deals primarily with the concept of a. scarcity. b. poverty. c. change. d. power. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Definitional 5. Which of the following questions is not answered by the decisions that every society must make? a. What determines consumer preferences? b. What goods will be produced? c. Who will produce the goods? d. Who will consume the goods? ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economies MSC: Interpretive 6. The overriding reason as to why households and societies face many decisions is that a. resources are scarce. b. goods and services are not scarce. c. incomes fluctuate with business cycles. d. people, by nature, tend to disagre e. ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 7. The phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact that a. most economies’ production methods are not very good. b. in most economies, wealthy people consume disproportionate quantities of goods and services. c. governments restricts production of too many goods and services. d. resources are limited. ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive

微观经济学试题及答案及详解

计算题： 1、已知某厂商的生产函数为：Q=L 3/8K 5/8，又设P L =3，P K =5。 ⑴、求产量Q=10时的最低成本支出和使用的L 与K 的数量。（5分） ⑵、求产量Q=25时的最低成本支出和使用的L 与K 的数量。（5分）求总成本为160时，厂商均衡的Q 、K 、L 的值。（5分） 2、已知生产函数为：Q=，试证明： ⑴、该生产过程是规模报酬不变。（7分）⑵它受边际报酬递减规律的支配。 3、甲、乙两公司的产品的需求曲线分别为Q 1=，Q 2=，这两家公司现在的销售量分别为100和250。（1）求甲、乙两公司当前的价格弹性（2）假定乙公司降价后，使乙公司的销售量增加到300，同时又导致甲公司的销售量下降到75，问甲公司产品的交叉弹性是多少 4、垄断厂商的成本函数为TC=Q 2+2Q ，产品的需求函数为P=10-3Q ，求：（1）利润极大的销售价格、产量和利润；（2）若政府试图对该垄断厂商采取限价措施，迫使其按边际成本定价，求此时的价格和厂商的产量、利润；（3）求解收支相抵的价格和产量。 5. 假设某完全竞争厂商使用劳动和资本两种生产要素进行生产，在短期内，劳动的数量可变，资本的数量固定。厂商的成本曲线为322()161803 LTC Q Q Q Q =-+和 32 ()224120400STC Q Q Q Q =-++，试计算：（1）厂商预期的长期最低价格是多少（2）如果要素价格不变，在短期内，厂商会维持经营的最低产品价格是多少（3）如果产品价格是120元，那么在达到短期均衡时，厂商将生产多少产品获得的利润是多少 6. . 已知某消费者的效用函数U ＝XY ，他打算购买X 和Y 两种商品，当其每月收入为120元，Px=2元，Py=3元时，试问：（1）为获得最大的效用，该消费者应如何选择商品X 和Y 的消费数量（2）假设商品X 的价格提高44％，商品Y 的价格保持不变，该消费者必须增加多少收入才能保持原有的效用水平 7.已知某一时期内商品的需求函数为Q d =50-5P ，供给函数为Q s =-10+5P 。 (1)求均衡价格P e 和均衡数量Q e ，并作出几何图形。 (2)假定供给函数不变，由于消费者收入水平提高，使需求函数变为Q d=60-5P 。求出相应的均衡价格P e 和均衡量Q e ，并作出几何图形。 (3)假定需求函数不变，由于生产技术水平提高，使供给函数变为Q s =-5+5P 。求出相应的均衡价格P e 和均衡量Q e ，并作出几何图形。 8.假定表2—5是需求函数Q d =500-100P 在一定价格范围内的需求表： (1)求出价格2元和4元之间的需求的价格弧弹性。 (2)根据给出的需求函数，求P=2元时的需求的价格点弹性。 9假定表2—6是供给函数Qs=-3+2P 在一定价格范围内的供给表： (2)根据给出的供给函数，求P=4元时的供给的价格点弹性。 10.某种商品原先的价格为1元，销售量为1000公斤，该商品的需求弹性系数为，如果降价至元一公斤，此时的销售量是多少降价后总收益是增加了还是减少了增加或减少了多少

《微观经济学》试题及参考答案(一)

《微观经济学》试题及参考答案一、判断题（在正确的命题前面写“√”，在错误的命题前面写“X”；每小题1分，共20分）（ X） 1. 支持价格是政府规定的某种产品的最高价格。（√） 2. 经济分析中一般假定消费者的目标是效用最大化。（√） 3.完全竞争市场的含义:指不受任何阻碍和干扰的市场结构. （√） 4. 在一条直线型的需求曲线上每一点的需求弹性系数都不一样。（√） 5. 消费者均衡的实现条件是消费者花在每一元钱上的商品的边际效用都相等。（ X） 6. 在同一平面内，两条无差异曲线是可以相交的。（√） 7.需求规律的含义是, 在其他条件不变的情况下，某商品的需求量与价格之间成反方向变动。（ X） 8. 规模经济和边际收益递减规律所研究的是同一个问题。（×） 9. 基尼系数越大，收入分配越平均。（√） 10、在一个国家或家庭中,食物支出在收入中所占比例随着收入的增加而减少。（√） 11. 边际成本曲线总是交于平均成本曲线的最低

点。（√） 12. 完全竞争市场中厂商所面对的需求曲线是一条水平线。（√） 13. 一个博弈中存在纳什均衡，但不一定存在占优均衡。（√） 14.边际替代率是消费者在获得相同的满足程度时,每增加一种商品的数量与放弃的另一种商品的数量之比。（√） 15. 微观经济学的中心理论是价格理论。（ X） 16. 经济学按研究内容的不同可分为实证经济学和规范经济学。（√） 17. 需求弹性这一概念表示的是需求变化对影响需求的因素变化反应程度（√） 18. 消费者均衡表示既定收入下效用最大化。（ X） 19. 经济学按研究内容的不同可分为实证经济学和规范经济学。（ X） 20. 平均产量曲线可以和边际产量曲线在任何一点上相交。（√） 21. 在长期分析中，固定成本与可变成本的划分是不存在的。（√） 22. 吉芬商品的需求曲线与正常商品的需求曲线是不相同的。

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曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章

微观经济学试题及答案及详解

《微观经济学》试题及参考答案(一)