2021届课标版高考英语一轮复习教师用书：第二部分专题八 名词性从句

专题八名词性从句

考点1 宾语从句

动词后接宾语从句的用法★★★

典例1[2019山东淄博二模,70]In 1995, the World Health Organization published can be treated by acupuncture(针灸) and moxibustion(艾灸).

句意:1995年,世界卫生组织公布了针灸和艾灸能够治疗的病症。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的从句作动词published的宾语,且从句中缺少主语,表示"……的事物",故用what。

what

典例2[2020河北石家庄毕业班摸底考试,66]The rise in sales of translated fiction shows hungry so many British readers are for terrific writings from other countries.

句意:翻译小说销量的增长表明如此多的英国读者有多么渴望得到来自其他国家的优秀作品。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的从句作动词shows的宾语,修饰形容词hungry应用how。

how

介词后接宾语从句的用法★★★

典例3[2019湖南岳阳第一中学高三第二次质检,44]Contrary to many people think, HIV cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, coughs or sneezes.

句意:与许多人的想法相反,艾滋病病毒不能通过蚊子、咳嗽和喷嚏传播。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作think的宾语,表示"……的事物",故用what。

what

考点2 主语从句

主语从句的连接词★★★

典例4How strange it is the students are so quiet in the classroom!

句意:学生们在教室里如此安静,真奇怪!句中的it作形式主语,这里要用连接词引导主语从句,连接词在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,故用that引导该主语从句。

that

典例5[2019浙江杭州模拟,38]makes New Zealand’s universities stand out is their ability to provide high-end education.

句意:让新西兰的大学脱颖而出的是它们提供高端教育的能力。分析句子成分可知,空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,指事物,故用连接代词What。

What

考点3 表语从句

表语从句的特殊连接词★★★

典例6[2019黑龙江哈尔滨三中第一次调研,42]The choices you make can tell something about your inner thoughts. At least, that’s science has proved.

句意:你做的选择可以说明一些你内心的想法。至少,那是科学已经证明了的事情。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导表语从句,且在从句中作has proved的宾语,表示"……的事情",故填what。

what

表语从句的三个易混句式★★☆

典例7The reason he was late for class is he didn’t catch the early bus.

本题考查的是"The reason why…is that…"句型。第一空处,why在此引导定语从句并在从句中作原因状语,从句修饰先行词reason;第二空处,that在此引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。

why; that

考点4 同位语从句

分隔式同位语从句★★☆

典例8[2019江苏无锡期末,25]The news spread quickly all over the world Michael Schumacher came to life after his being seriously injured for 5 years.

句意:迈克尔·舒马赫在受重伤5年后苏醒过来的消息很快传遍了全世界。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的从句是The news的具体内容,故此处为同位语从句,且从句不缺少成分,意思完整,故用that引导。

that

考法考查名词性从句的引导词

典例9[2019全国Ⅰ,61]While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

句意:虽然它们(北极熊)在北纬88度以北很少见,但有证据表明,它们的活动范围遍及整个北极,甚至南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。结合句意可知,句中While引导让步状语从句,there is evidence...为主句,主句中的they range all the way...in Canada是对名词evidence的解释,从句不缺成分且句意完整,故用that引导同位语从句。

that

考法总结

根据语境可知,空后内容是对设空前名词evidence的解释说明,空处在此引导同位语从句;再分析从句结构和句意,从句不缺成分,且句意完整,故应用that引导。

典例10[2017江苏,26]We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of it used to charge.

空处在此引导宾语从句,从句作介词of的宾语,且引导词在从句中作charge的宾语,因此填what。half of what it used to charge意为"它过去收费的一半"。

what

考法总结分析句子结构可知,设空处引导的是宾语从句,再分析从句的结构可知,从句缺宾语且宾语指物,故可判断答案为what。

典例11[2018浙江11月,63]It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too.

句意:咖啡因可能也会导致人类的先天缺陷。分析句子

结构可知,It在此作形式主语,空处引导的从句作真正的主语,从句意思完整,且不缺成分,因此应用that引导。

that

考法总结It在此处作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,主语从句较长,因而后置。解答此类题的关键是熟悉it 作形式主语的常见句型和it作形式宾语的常见情况。

难点1 名词性从句的易混连接词

典例12will come to help with my English hasn’t been decided.

句意:还没有决定谁将来帮我学英语。根据语境可知,此处有疑问含义,表示"谁",故用who引导主语从句,who在从句中作主语。

Who

典例13We haven’t settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad.

根据语境可知,空处应用表示"是否"的if或whether引导宾语从句,但是空处引导的从句作介词的宾语,故用whether,不用if。

whether

方法1 分析从句成分,锁定引导词

典例14Now the route is no longer used for international trade but many stories of happened on the ancient road remain.

空处引导的从句作介词of的宾语,且从句中缺主语,表示"……的事情",故应用what。

what

方法2 正确翻译句子

典例15[2019山东济宁高三摸底,61]Massive Open Online Courses, called MOOCs, are changing people learn in many places.

句意:大规模的网上公开课,被称为慕课,正在许多地方改变着人们学习的方式。分析句子结构可知,空处作宾语从句中的方式状语,即"怎样学习",故应用how。

how

1.[2019江苏,25]Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body.

2.[2018北京,15]This is my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

3.[2018天津,9]The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.

4.[2017天津,4]She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.

5.[2015湖南,26]You have to know you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

6.[2015福建,29]—I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

—By working out every day.

7.[2014陕西,15]the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

8.[2014湖南,24]As John Lennon once said, life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

9.[2014四川,2]Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That’s I was born."

10.[2016乙卷(全国Ⅰ)改错]My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

1.that 句意:科学家已经获得更多的证据,这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是同位语从句,且从句中不缺少成分,故用连接词that。

2.what 句意:这是我父亲教我的——总是面对困难,并抱最大的希望。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,空处引导表语从句,且空处在从句中作宾语,表示"……的事情",故用what。句中的to always face difficulties and hope for the best是what指代的内容。

3.whoever 句意:金牌将会颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一名的任何人。本空要用连接词引导宾语从句,连接词在从句中作主语,指人,同时根据句意可知,应用whoever"……的任何人,无论谁"引导该宾语从句。

4.whether/if 句意:她问我是否把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,又根据句意可知此处表示"是否",故用whether或if引导该宾语从句。

5.where 句意:你如果要计划到那里的最佳路线,就必须知道你要去哪儿。根据句意可知,此处应用where引导宾语从句,where在从句中作地点状语。

6.how 根据答语"By working out every day"可知,此处用how来引导宾语从句,表示方式。

7.When 句意:被延误的航班将于什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。根据句子结构可知," the delayed flight will take off"是主语从句,再根据句子的意思可知,此处表示"什么时候",故填When。

8.what 句意:正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于做其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。此处应用what引导表语从句,what在从句中作主语。

9.where 句意:奶奶指着那家医院说:"那是我出生的地方。"根据语境并分析句子结构可知,此处应用where引导表语从句。

10.that→where 考查宾语从句。此处表示"靠近我居住的地方",故应将that改为where。where在此引导宾语从句,并在从句中作地点状语。

(通用版)2016高考英语二轮复习 专题四 语法填空和短文改错 第三讲 语法专题 八 名词性从句针对训练

名词性从句 [专项训练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2015·山师大附中一模改编)His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks.It is no surprise ____________losing weight is just his dream. 解析：句意：他最喜欢的食物是油炸类小吃和饮料。毫不奇怪减肥只是他的梦想。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。 答案：that 2．(2015·江西四校联考改编)_____________he misunderstood my position on the question is obvious from his remarks. 解析：根据句式结构可知_________he misunderstood my position on the question 为主语从句，从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。 答案：That 3．(2016·安徽铜陵五中月考改编)Now my hometown is not at all ____________a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect. 解析：句意：现在我的家乡根本不是十年前来参观的游客可以想象的样子了。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作expect的宾语，故填what。 答案：what 4．(2015·湖南岳阳一中检测改编)Mr.White is opposed to repairing the old building，and that’s ____________ I don’t agree. 解析：句意：怀特先生反对维修那座旧建筑，而这正是我不同意的地方。设空处引导表语从句，从句中agree是不及物动词，后不能直接接宾语，故填where在从句中作状语。 答案：where 5．Whenever a natural disaster happens，we should offer_____________help we could give to those victims. 解析：句意：当自然灾害发生时，我们应该提供任何可能的帮助给那些受害者。________ help we could give为宾语从句，设空处作定语修饰名词help，根据句意可知，设空处表示“无论什么”故填whatever。 答案：whatever 6．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered____________the boy would do. 解析：句意：新来的男生看了老师几秒钟，所有其他学生都想知道这个男生会做什么。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，故填what。 答案：what 7．In my opinion，_____________matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals. 解析：句意：在我看来，重要的是我们是否能够作为一个团队而不是个人获胜。设空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故填what。 答案：what 8．—How do you think I can make up with Tony? —Put aside ____________you disagree and try to find ____________you have in

新高考下的英语定语从句

定语从句 考纲要求： 掌握定语从句的基本知识；区分定语从句和名词性从句的性质和用法。 在具体的语境中考查非限制性定语从句的引导词以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；设置语境，考查抽象地点或时间概念的名词作先行词时关系副词的选择，甚至通过增加先行词的隐蔽性来增加试题的难度；考查定语从句的特殊句型，即：特定词汇+of whom/which 引导的定语从句。 复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从的连接词有关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as 和关系副词when, why, where等。这些关系代词或关系副词有替代先行词，连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当成分三个作用。定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 限制性从句是句子不可缺少的部分，主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，去掉不影响主句意思的完整性。一般用逗号把主从句分开。关系代词that不可以引导非限定性定语从句，其他可引导定语从句的连词均可引导非限定性定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。有时先行词是关系代词前的整个句子。 1.当先行词是人： 关系词要用who, whom, that, whose等，其中who/that 在从句中课充当主语或宾语，whom 在从句中只能充当宾语，whose在从句中充当定语,不可省略(of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词+of whom。) This is the man who/that can speak several foreign language.（who/that 在从句中作主语，不可省略） I like the girl (who/whom/that)you referred to yesterday.(who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语，可省略） The government tried to help the old woman whose son (of whom the son/the son of whom）died in the war. [注意：whose与所修饰名词之间无任何冠词，否则要用of whom] 注意： ?若连接词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，代替人必须用whom，且不可省略There is nobody in the street to whom I can turn for help.(turn to sb for help 求助于某人) ?若介词在后面，则who, whom或that均可引导从句，且可以省略。 There is nobody in the street that /who/whom I can turn to for help. （填一填）The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. ?在下列情况下多用who或whom,而不用that ①先行词是all, anyone, one, ones, those, people等时 All who can dance well will be invited.（who在从句中作主语） Those who (whom)he knows will be invited.(who/whom在从句中作宾语） ②在被分割的定语从句中 A new teacher will come who will teach us English. ③在there be句型中 There is a girl who wants to see you. ④一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用that引导，为了避免重复，另一个用who. Every student that is from China who likes English will have a chance to get a book. 2.当先行词是物： 连接词要用which，that，whose，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语；whose在从句中作定语，后直接跟名词，无冠词，若有则用of which。（whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中做定语,相当于my, his, her, its, their 等修饰人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词+of which或of which+名词。） The building which/that stands in the center is our school library.（which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略） This is the book (which/that)you want.(which/that 在句中作宾语，可以省略） The building whose window (of which the window)faces south is our school library.(作定语）（填一填）Look out! Don't get close to the house ________ roof is under repair. 注意： ?如果关系代词在句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，必须用which，且不可省略。 The house in which I live is near yours. The house (that/which )I live in is near yours.

高考英语一轮总复习：专题8 名词性从句

专题八名词性从句 2016～2012年各省市高考题(改编) A卷全国卷 单句语法填空/单句改错 1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I love.________ 答案that→where[由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句。从句谓语是不及物动词live。故用where引导。] 2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读B)We now realize ________ important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raising children. 答案how[考查宾语从句的连接词。根据后面的how important可以看出此处也是填how。] 3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.________ 答案how→what[考查疑问词的用法。我和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达what to do，如何用how结构为how to do sth。] 4．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读B)Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. 答案whoever[考查名词性主句中的主语从句。句意：无论是谁发现了他们的书，都去那儿，并记录下他们是在哪儿发现的书。] 5．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)The journey was intended to achieve more than ________Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. 答案what[考查名词性从句，引导词在从句中做had done的宾语，故用

(完整版)高考英语【名词性从句】

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