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初中英语冠词知识点提纲

初中英语冠词知识点提纲
初中英语冠词知识点提纲

专题二:冠词

冠词三兄弟:a,an,the

1. 不定冠词的基本用法:

(1)不定冠词有a和an两种:a用于辅音音素开头的词前,例如:a dog,an用于元音音素开头的词前,例如:an apple;

(2)表示the same,a certain或every的意思

They are of an age.=the same

(3)用来表示“一”的意思(one),但不强调数的观念,只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。例如:She picked up a book and began to read.

I will return in a day or two.=one

(4)一般用在可数名词单数前,指人或事物的某一种类。例如:I am a nurse.

(5)用在某些固定词组中,如have a rest,a few,a lot 等。

(6)It is a most useful book.(most=very)它是一本非常有用的书

(6)有些不可数名词,如knowledge,collection,understanding等名词是由其动词转化而来的,它们后面加of短语时,前面需要用不定冠词a/an

He has a fine collection of paintings.

You need a good knowledge of English.

(7)不定冠词的特殊位置

quite/rather+a/an(+adj.)+单数名词

what/such/half+a/an+单数名词

so/as/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+单数名词

many a/an +单数名词

not a/an+单数名词

eg.He is quite a kind guy.

He is as great a man as ever lived.

How clever a student he is.

2. 定冠词的用法(the):

(1)用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人或者夫妇二人

The Greens are at the table.格林一家在吃饭。

(2)指双方都知道的人或事物,例如:Open the door,please.

(3)指上文提到的人或事物。

(4)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如:The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。

(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如:The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。

(6)用在形容词前表示一类人,the +形容词指的是一群人,是一种复数含义,所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如:The old are sick.

(7)用在年代、朝代名词和逢十的数词(表示某个年代)前

the Tango Dynasty唐朝

the Spring and Autumn Peruod春秋时期

in the 1990’s在20世纪90年代

(8)动词+sb.+介词+the表示身体某一部位的名词,这种结构中the不能用人称、物主代词代替

take sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊

hit sb. in the face打某人的脸

(9)用在表示度量单位的名词前。表示“按……计算”

Eggs are sold by the dozen.鸡蛋按打卖(一打12个)

(9)定冠词的特殊位置

定冠词一般放在最前面,但如果有exactly,just,half,double,twice,all,both,of等修饰时,定冠词要放在这些词的后面

exactly the same color完全相同的颜色

just the right place就是这个地方

half the story 故事的一半

3. 零冠词的用法,就是不用冠词的情况。

1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;

2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;不可数名词不用冠词

They are teachers. 他们是教师。

3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;

Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。

4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。

5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;

We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

6)在三餐、学科、惯用语、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词;如:have breakfast,play chess

7)当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train;

8)固定短语,如:go to hospital去医院看病;at home,in class,go to bed等。

9)系动词turn(变成)后面的单数名词作表语时,不用冠词

10)独立主格结构的某一形式中

The teacher come in,book in hand.

冠词的活用:the+序数词表示排序

a/an+序数词不表示排序,表示“又一、再一”

序数词修饰动词时,不和冠词连用

eg.Can you give me a second chance,please?(another chance)

He was only 5 years old when I first saw him.

有些短语有无冠词含义不同

go to school 去上学 go to the school到学校去(不一定是去上学)

go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂

go to bed就寝 go to the bed 走到床前(不一定就是去睡觉)

go to sea 出海(是海员) go to the sea去海边(不一定是海员)

be in hospital在住院 be in the hospital在医院里(不一定是病人)

be in prison在坐牢 be in the prison 在监狱(不一定是犯人)

in front of 在……(外面)的前面 in the front of在……(内部)的前面

sit at table 坐在桌旁吃饭 sit at the table坐在桌旁(不一定是吃饭)by day在白天 by the day 按天计算

take place发生 take the place of 代替

in possession of sth. 拥有某物 in the possession of sth.为某人所拥有

in sight of看见 in the sight of 据……了解

in place of 代替 in the place of 在……的地方

in future 今后 in the future将来

in office执政 in the office 在办公室

in class上课 in the class在班级中

in store 储存 in the store 在仓库中

out of question毫无疑问的 out of the question不可能的

in charge of 负责、管理、掌控 in the charge of 由…负责/由…掌控

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