9 Unit 4 Lions and Tigers and Bears
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
Unit 4
一、授课时间：第9--10周
二．授课类型：课文分析10课时；习题讲解2课时
三．授课题目：Lions and Tigers and Bears
四．授课时数：12
五．教学目的和要求：
通过讲授课文使学生了解美国中央公园的有关知识，并以此游记展开对美国社会、文化的讨论，认识到美国文化的优势和不足之处，更好地有利于跨文化交际。要求学生主动地预习课文，课前准备练习，学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分。
六．教学重点和难点：
1）背景知识的传授：Central Park; Ogden Nash; The Taming of the Shrew; Henry James; the Empire State Building; Daniel Boone
2）文章的体裁分析及段落划分；
3）语言点的理解：
Word study: stuff sth. with sth.; muggy; curl up; drop off; outdoorsy; needless to say; observe; beckon; snatch; not to mention; make for sth; nocturnal; tame; conspicuous Grammar Focus: Identify the subject; Learn more about the function and use of except 七．教学基本内容和纲要
Part One Warm – up
1.1 Warm-up Questions
1. Why do you think the author wrote this essay? To describe the history of Central park? To describe the beauty of the park? To tell the story of how he spent an unforgettable night in the park once? To lament what a terrible place the park had become with all those purse-snatchers, loons, prostitutes, drug dealers, bullies, garrotters, highway robbers and murderers lurking somewhere? To prove that all those terrible rumors about the park at night are ungrounded? Or a combination of all of these?
Part Two Background Information
2.1 Author
2.2 Central Park; Ogden Nash; The Taming of the Shrew; Henry James; the Empire State Building; Daniel Boone
Part Three Text Appreciation
3.1 Text Analysis
3.1.1 Theme of the text
3.1.2 Structure of the text
3.2 Writing Devices
3.2.1 The essay is a good example of rhythmic writing, crisp conciseness, remarkable accuracy and delightful humor. It also presents a good opportunity to learn the terms of onomatopoeia, words denoting different ways of walking and running, and many specific words for minute
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
descriptions.
3.3 Sentence Paraphrase
Part Four Language Study
4.1 Phrases and Expressions
4.1.1 Word list:
4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list:
4.1.3 Word Building
4.2 Grammar
4.2.1 Object
Part Five Extension
5.1 Group discussion
5.2 Debating
八、教学方法和措施
本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段，主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式，具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。
九．作业，讨论题，思考题
完成课后练习；
多看英语报刊杂志及英语经典小说，扩大阅读量；
精听与泛听相结合，逐步提高自己的听力水平；
积极参加英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动；
坚持用英语写日记；
做一些专四相关练习；
十．参考资料：
1)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（4）第二版，学生用书。北京：外语教学与研
究出版社,2012。
2)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（4）第二版，教师用书。北京：外语教学与研
究出版社,2012。
3)李观仪主编，《新编英语教程》（第三、四册）。上海:上海外语教学研究出版, 1999。
4)黄源深，虞苏美等主编，《综合英语教程》（1-4册）。北京：高等教育出版社，1998。
5)《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》，北京：外语教学研究出版社，2000。
6)Judy Pearsall主编，《新牛津英语词典》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998。
7)丁往道、吴冰等编著，《英语写作手册》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
8)张道真，《现代英语用法词典》（重排本）。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994。
9)张道真，温志达, 《英语语法大全》上、下卷。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998。十一、课后小结
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
Unit 4
Text A Lions and Tigers and Bears
Part One Warm – up
1.1 Warm-up Questions
1. Do you think this story will interest American readers? What kind of people are likely to find the story appealing? For what reasons?
2. Do you like similar stories in our own literature? Why do people usually write or read about places they have visited or would like to visit? Have you read any travel notes that are particularly interesting?
3. How is the story organized? Does the author simply narrate his experience that night chronologically? How does he combine the narration of his experience with descriptions of the park’s history? Do you find it clever? How does the narration end? Why do you think the author decides to end the narration with the raccoons? What kind of effect does he aim to create?
4. What is the author’s overall attitude towards Central Park?
5. Do you agree that travel notes often reveal a lot about the author? What kind of person do you think this author is judging by the text?
Part Two Background Information
2.1 Ogden Nash
an American poet ; well known for his light verse; best-known producer of humorous poetry 2.2The Delacorte Theater
established in 1962, is an open-air theater located in Manhattan's Central Park and has a seating capacity of 1,800. The Delacorte is owned by the City of New York and operated by The Public Theater. It is an open-air amphitheater, with the Turtle Pond and Belvedere Castle as its backdrop. It primarily serves as the venue for The Public Theater’s annual Shakespeare in the Park summer series
2.3 Belvedere-castle
Built as a Victorian folly in 1869, the castle caps Vista Rock, the park's second-highest natural elevation[1] Constructed of Manhattan schist quarried in the park and dressed with gray granite, it tops the natural-looking woodlands of The Ramble, as seen from the formal Bethesda Terrace. It was designed as an additional feature of the Central Park "Greensward" plan by the architects Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey Mould after they, along with Frederick Law Olmsted, were reappointed to oversee the park's construction in 1865.
2.4 Shakespeare Garden
A Shakespeare garden is a themed garden that cultivates plants mentioned in the works of William Shakespeare. In English-speaking countries, particularly the United States, these are often public gardens associated with parks, universities, and Shakespeare festivals. Shakespeare gardens are sites of cultural, educational, and romantic interest and can be locations for outdoor weddings.
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
Part Three Text Appreciation
3.1 Text Analysis
3.1.1 Theme of the text
1) By traveling the Centr al Park at night, the author’s ambivalence makes clear New Yorkers’ attitude to the Park. On one hand, there is love and pride New Yorkers have for the cultural richness and the beauty the Park offers; on the other hand, the crime and fear they have associated with the Park.
3.1.2 Structure of the text
Part 1 (Paras.1-2 ) : The author decided to camp in the Central Park .
When?
Friday evening in July; 9:15
What’s the weather like?
Heavy, muggy.
What do you know about Central Park?
1) It is known that the park is a dangerous place.
2) Ordinary people don’t wander around Central Park at night.
3) Only fool or bad people go there at night.
Evidence: the poem by Ogden Nash
What did the poem try to tell us?
The poem tries to tells us that the tiger’s lair i s the most safe place in the Park.
Why did the author decide to camp in Central Park at night?
Human psychology—wishing to do sth. precisely because it is something people normally don’t do.
Part 2 (Paras. 3-6) : The first or two hours and his feeling and the fear Central Park inspired (Paras. 3—4)
What did he do in the first two hours?
he visited:
1.The Delacorte Theatre
2.Belvedere Castle
3.The Henry Luce Nature Observatory
4.Shakespeare Garden
What was his generally feeling? Why did he feel like that?
Exhilaration; enjoy/experience the rich cultures leisurely in the park
(Paras. 5—6) He was lost
What happened to him?
He was scared by five men huddling around the bench.
Why was he so scared? What did he see?
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
the reassuring city, New York Skyline
a light, someone rowing boat on the lake
What did he recall?
a dreadful crime
Why do people have such constant fear in the
Park?
?darkness in the wild (Ramble)
?witnessed dreadful crimes (lake)
Part 3 (Paras.7-12 ) : Central Park history and another scare
(Para. 7)the first period in Central Park’s history
1st stage: 1857—1878
What was the Park like?
1.in terms of function:
the domain of the privileged;
band concert on Saturday;
keep the rougher element out;
luxurious and secluded
2. in architectural terms:
a combination of Romanticism and French classicism
(Paras. 8—9) an encounter with a couple
Do you find the little episode interesting?
How did the couple react when they saw the author?
panicking, jerked, her face rigid, shrieking uncontrollably, away from a hundred feet
What was it about the author that made him so frightening?
I couldn’t resist when passing the couple;
Addressed them forthrightly
(Para. 10) 2nd stage in Central Park’s history (1900
—1934 )
What changes took place in the Park in the first three decades of twentieth century?
Who transformed the Park later on?
What was the author’s attitude to this reform?
(Para. 11) another scare at the northern end of
the Park
the 3rd period in the Central Park’s history
3rd stage: 1934—1960
What did he see at the Reservoir?
Near the reservoir a group of kids on bicycles cycled across the Eighty-fifth Transverse, ringing the horn loudly.
What made him keep his head down and pick up his pace?
The young investment banker was beaten and sexually assaulted by a group of kids on a
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
rampage.
(Para. 12) another aesthetic experience
What struck the author as very beautiful?
The city at night, viewed from what was meant to be an escape from it (shimmering).
What kind of beauty is it? Can the author describe it? Why can’t he find the vocabulary to describe the appeal of the city?
Does he like the city? Or hate the city?
Sum up his attitude toward the Park.
Mixed feeling toward Central Park.
(More examples)
Part 4 (Paras.13-25 ) : My sleep over in the wood
When and where was he now?
The North Woods at 1:30 a.m.
(Paras. 18—24) my encounter with raccoons
Do you find the ending of the essay interesting?
What kind of effect did the author want to create by describing the raccoons?
Can you understand his imaginary dialogue with raccoons?
(Para. 25) the ending
I woke up after rain and chirps of birds.
A natural, naturally beautiful sound.
How do you sum up the author’s attitude to t he park?
Ambivalence/ mixed feelings:
1) the pride and love of the city and the park for its cultural richness and its beauty (both natural and man-made);
2) the fear of the crime associated; the darkness in the wild
3.1.3 Plot: travel descriptions combined with everything he has heard, read, observed and experienced in connection with the place: his movements in Central Park, the events and famous people associated with its history, the beauty of New York at night, the crime of fear it’s inspired 3.1.4 Setting: Central Park in New York
3.2 Writing Devices
3.2.1 Onomatopoeia;
3.2.2 Euphemisms are mild, pleasant or indirect words or phrases in place of harsh, unpleasant, more direct or accurate ones.
3.2.3 Irony: a strange, funny or sad situation in which things happen in the opposite way to what you would expect．
The basic element of irony is a discrepancy between what is expected and what actually happens. (unexpectedness)
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
3.3 Sentence Paraphrase
1. Anybody who knows anything about New York knows the city’s essential platitude—that you don’t wander around Cent ral Park at night—and in that, needless to say, was the appeal: it was the thing you don’t do.
(Para. 1)
Everybody who knows New York knows that you should not wander in Central Park at night because it is too dangerous. (Essential platitude:) This is known to all and has been said over and over. ( In that was the appeal:) However, precisely because of the risk there are always people lured to visit Central Park at night. They just wish to do what people normally don’t do.
appeal: a quality that something has that makes people like it or want it
Examples:
the appeal of horror movie
But that’s the appeal of the place, say many residents and visitors. It’s a place where many come to find a slower pace for a lifetime or just a weekend.
Parties on river-boats have lost their appeal since one sank last year killing thirty-three people.
2. If you should happen after dark to find yourself in Central Park… (Para. 1)
―Should‖ is used after ―if‖, ―in case‖ or with subject and verbs inverted to suggest that an event i s not likely to happen.
Examples:
If you should change your mind, do let me know.
Should Tom phone, can you tell him I’ll phone back later?
He could persuade her to stay should this be necessary.
3.… and this could have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeare production anywhere in America, except in one respect. (Para. 3)
And tonight’s performance could be any outdoor performance of Shakespeare’s play one regularly finds in summer in America (It’s a cultural tradition in America to put on free Shakespeare productions in summer). There was only one difference.
Note:
stock: used as an adjective, meaning ―usually kept
in stock and regularly available‖ 常备的
Examples:
Intensive Reading is one of our stock courses.
Toothpaste is stock merchandise in a drugstore.
4. One of the first events in the Park took place 140 years ago almost to the day: a band concert. The concert, pointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to ke ep the city’s rougher elements out. (Para. 7)
One of the first events in the Park took place almost exactly on this day 140 years ago: a band concert. The concert was deliberately held on a Saturday when ordinary people were all working so as to keep them out.
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
5. The Park at night must have seemed luxurious and secluded—a giant evening garden party. The Park was to be strolled through, enjoyed as an aesthetic experience, like a walk inside a painting. (Para. 7)
①quiet and private; a w ay from ordinary laboring people
②a formal party for a lot of people, held in a large garden
③an occasion to enjoy beautiful scenery and music as well as the company of well-dressed People, behaved in refined Manners, talking about arts: painting, musical,etc.
6. The irony was that by the end of the Moses era the Park was dangerous. (Para. 10) Moses did a lot to turn Central Park into an efficient people’s park. But the outcome was quite unexpected and sad: by the end of his era the Park was dangerous.
7. But there was no escaping the recognition that this city—contrived, man-made, glaringly obtrusive, consuming wasteful and staggering quantities of electricity and water and energy—was very beautiful. (Para. 12)
①cleverly made but not natural
②very conspicuous or showy with everything glittering or shining
③shocking
But there was no denying the fact (you have to admit) that the city was very beautiful, although it was not a natural kind of beauty, it was artificial and showy, and it used up a great amount of water and energy.
8．But there it was: the city at night, viewed from what meant to be an escape from it, shimmering. (Para. 12)
there it is/was: used to summarize a situation
People come to the Park to escape from the hustle and bustle of the city. But it was precisely in the Park that day that I found the city at night was extremely beautiful.
Part Four Language Study
4.1 Phrases and Expressions
4.1.1 Word list:
1. bolt; curl; drizzle; embolden; obliterate; perplex; platitude; scurry; secluded; shriek
1. bolt
vi. a)to run away quickly 猛冲，逃跑
b) to move; to break away 迅速移动
vt. c)to fasten with strong rods and bar 拴住，使······和在一块
d) to swallow food or drink hurriedly 匆匆吞下，咽下
Examples:
a) He bolted out of his house.
b) Eyes bolted towards the stranger.
c) He bolted the door on the inside.
d) He bolted down a hurried breakfast.
a bolt from (out of) the blue 晴天霹雳，意外的事
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
bolt upright 笔直
make a bolt (for it) 赶快逃走
2. curl
v. a)to form into a spiral or curved shape卷曲，扭曲；缠绕
b) to grow in or form curls or ringlets（烟）缭绕升起；蜷曲
Examples:
The hairdresser curled Mary’s hair.
She kept curling her handkerchief around one finger.
Smoke curled from the chimney.
A snake curled around the trunk of a tree.
3. drizzle
v. to rain in fine drops
Examples:
It drizzled throughout the night.
The insecticide drizzled over the plants.
The dew on the branches drizzled our hair.
4. embolden
v. to give courage or confidence to sb.
Examples:
He smiled and this emboldened her to ask him for help.
Emboldened by drink, he walked over to speak to her.
5. obliterate
v. to rub out or blot out
Examples:
The heavy rain obliterated all footprints.
Anne was eager to obliterate her error.
They tried to obliterate the enemy’s bomb base.
6. perplex
v.to cause to be puzzled or bewildered over what is not understood or certain; to make complicated and confused
Examples:
The question perplexed him.
The boy perplexed his parents.
to perplex an issue
adj.perplexed/perplexing
n.perplexity
7. platitude
n.(fml.) (derog.)
boring and meaningless commonplace remark or statement, esp. when it is said as if it were new or interesting because it has been said so many times before
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
陈腐平凡的，老生常谈，陈词滥调
Example:
This speech was full of empty platitudes about (of) peace and democracy.
adj.platitudinous
v.platitudinize
n.platitudinarian
8. scurry
v. / n.to run with short quick steps
Examples:
It began to rain and we scurried home.
We heard mice scurrying about in the kitchen.
Dark clouds were being scurried across a grey
sky by the wind.
a scurry of footsteps in the passage 急促脚步声
Huge snow scurries.
9. secluded
adj.not visited or seen by many people; away from the company of others
Examples:
This is the quietest and most secluded area of the city.
secluded life/monk/valley
v. seclude (from)
n. seclusion
adj. seclusive
10. shriek
v. / n.to shout in a loud high voice because you are frightened, excited, or surprised Examples:
The woman trapped under the piles of debris raised her voice to a shriek.
She shrieked an alarm at him.
4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list:
1. come upon; curl up; drift out; drop off; in view
2. not to mention; on one’s hands; on the/a rampage; to the day; wind one’s way
1. come upon
碰上，偶然遇上; 冲向，袭来
Examples:
I came upon an old friend when I was shopping in the store.
Fear came upon her as she waited.
2. curl up 卷起，撅起（嘴唇）；（因恐惧、羞愧、厌恶）使蜷缩，扭曲身体Examples:
She curled her mouth up in anger.
She curled herself up in the big armchair with a good book.
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
3. drift out（口）不经意（慢吞吞）走出来，走开，离开
Example:
The smoke pall drifted out to reveal the blackened shell of the building.
4. drop off（口）入睡，睡着；（逐个）走开，消失；放下，下降，掉下
Examples:
She dropped off in front of the fire while watching TV.
Her friends dropped off into the shadows.
Can you drop me off at a supermarket?
5. in view在能看见的范围内；在考虑中；在注意中
Examples:
The sea came in view as we came out of the forest.
Dream pursuer has kept his goal in view.
in view of 鉴于，由于
to the view 在展出
with a view to 以······为目标
come in view of 出现在······视线中
come /burst into view （突然）出现在眼前
disappear/be lost from view 看不见了
block/obstruct/shut off/spoil the view 挡住某人的视线
6. not to mention; without mentioning更不必说······，除······以外还
Examples:
We are served French champagne, not to mention the usual cocktails.
David is handsome and smart, not to mention being a good athlete.
7.on one’s hands受照顾；需要负责；可自由支配
Examples:
She has a large family on her hands.
她有许多子女要照顾。
I have an empty house on my hands.
我手里有一所空房子要处理掉。
He has got much time on his hands.
他有许多时间可自由支配。
at hand: 在附近，在手边
on hand: 现在，在手头；到场出席；即将发生
in hand: 手里拿着；在掌握中；（工作等）在进行中（讨究）
8. on the/a rampage 横冲直撞；暴跳如雷
Examples:
The escaped elephant was on the rampage for two days.
The rioters went on a rampage and vandalized many shops.
9. to the day 恰好，刚好，一天不差
Examples:
three years ago to the day 一天不差恰好三年前
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
40 years ago to the day 四十年前的今天
cf.
to this day 直到现在，迄今
of the day 当代的，当时的
10. wind one’s way 迂回而行，弯曲经过
Examples:
The brook wound its way through the fields.
She wound her way into his confidence.
4.1.3 Word Building
shimmering: shining unevenly/seeming to move slightly
other words denoting ―to send forth light‖
glimmer
glisten
glitter
sparkle
twinkle
e.g.
Everything about her shimmered and glimmered softly, as if her dress had been
woven out of candle-beams.
The sweat glistened on his forehead.
jewels glittering in the display case
crystal glasses sparkling in the candlelight
a few stars, twinkling faintly in the deep blue of the night sky
general verbs: look/see/watch
specific verbs: scan （细查，扫视）
glimpse（瞥见，简短的一瞥）
glare（怒目而视）
stare（凝视）
gaze（集中注意力看，凝视）glance（粗略地看一下，扫视）
peep （窥视，偷窥）
peek（瞥一眼，偷窥）
peer（细看）
general verb: run
specific verbs: bolt (to run in a sudden way) 迅速移动，惊跑
dash 猛冲，
hurry 快速移动
jog 慢跑
plunge 冲入，俯冲
rush 冲，猛攻；奔泻
scurry 疾跑，急赶
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
trot 小跑
general verb: walk
specific verbs: hike (to go for along walk for fun or exercise) 远足，长途步行
march (to walk steadily) 齐步前进，行进
race 踱步
ramble 漫步闲逛
shuffle (to walk without taking your feet from the ground) 曳脚而行，拖着步子走
step (a short distance) 走，跨步
stride (to take long steps) 大步行走，跨
stroll (to walk with out hurrying, often for pleasure) 溜达，闲逛，散步
tiptoe 惦着脚尖走
Specific words vividly describe the actions for
minute description.
jerk: to pull something suddenly using a lot of force
George raced to the window and jerked back the curtains.
grab: to take hold of something in a rough or rude way
He grabs a knife and dives at the robber.
appeal
drift
peek
reassure (assure, insure)
rotate
adjective suffixes summarized
?-ful:
useful, beautiful, powerful
?-less:
hopeless, homeless, useless
?-able:
desirable, comparable, reasonable
?-ible:
visible, responsible, possible
?-ive:
impressive, active, protective
?-ic:
symbolic, economic, idealistic
?-ant:
important, distant, dominant
?-ent:
consistent, frequent, persistent
?-ist:
colonialist, fundamentalist, individualist
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
?-ese:
Chinese, Japanese, Nepalese
?-(i)an:
Russian, Canadian, American
?-y:
rosy, dusty, skinny
?-ly:
homely, friendly, orderly
?-en:
wooden, woolen, golden
?-ary:
revolutionary, voluntary, military
?-ory:
preparatory, compulsory, introductory
There is no escaping/denying the recognition that the city was very beautiful. (Para. 12) ?There is no verb.+ing…
There is no denying that…
There's no escaping being human.
(We can never escape who we are.)
There is no escaping the fact that he has lied.
(One cannot escape from the fact that he has lied.)
More examples:
There was no knowing how long he might be away.
There’s no telling when an outburst might come.
There’s no escaping the dust in Spring.
There is no telling how long he might be away.
There’s no escaping mental stress these days. Life is tough.
There is no denying the fact that these people have a reason to be angry.
There is no arguing with someone who refuses to listen.
He knew that from that day onward there was no going back.
There was no mistaking his intention this time.
There is no denying that he is bad-tempered and selfish. But he’s also a genius.
4.2 Grammar
4.2.1 Identify the subject in different sentences.
4.2.2 Learn more about the function and use of except.
4.2.3 Study and analyze the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.
1. Of course, anybody who knows anything about New York knows the city’s essential platitude –that you don’t wander around Central Park at night – and in that, needless to say, was the appeal: it was the thing you don’t do.
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日
Part Five Extension
5.1 Group discussion
1. Why do many New Yorkers love Central Park and many others dislike it?
2. Can you describe your first visit to the Summer Palace, or Yuanmingyuan, or any other place of historical interest, combining a picturesque portrayal of the park with a narration of their histories and their changes in the wake of historical events?
5.2 Debating
Topics for debating:
1. We all yearn for a life free from fear. But why is it we can’t assure such a life for our people? Where does fear come from anyway? Who is responsible for its existence? Is there anything we can do to prevent people from hurting each other? Perhaps we can equalize everything we regard as important for our happiness and thus make it senseless to hurt others. Or perhaps we can have more policemen. Or perhaps we can identify and modify the human genes that control violent behavior. Or perhaps – surely there must be a way!