状语从句
状语从句
1. 状语从句有九大类：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式。
本质上说，状语从句就是用不同的连词将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的逻辑关系。
I’ve bought my umbrella in case it rains.
I’ve bought my umbrella because it rains.
I’ve bought my umbrella so that I don’t get wet.
I’ve bought my umbrella even though it’s not raining.
You don’t need an umbrella unless it’s raining.
学习状语从句的关键是要掌握引导九类状语从句的有关连接词。
2. 状语从句的省略
在同时满足一下两点的情况下：1）当主句的主语和从句的主语一致：2）从句谓语中含有be动词。可将从句的主语和be动词省去。这种省略主要常见于时间、地点、条件、及让步状语从句。
a.Metals expand when (they are) heated and contract when (they are) cooled.
b.When (he was) a student in the university, he read a lot.
c.While (he was) waiting, he took out a megazine to rea
d.
d. A tiger can’t be tamed unless (it is) caught very young.
e.When I was ten years old, my family moved to city.
两个主语不同，故从句不可用省略形式。
1.时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来
a.I will speak to him when he arrives.
b.I will tell him about it when he comes back.
2.when
意思相当于：at the time(在……时刻)，从句谓语动词通常是短暂动词，表示某一时刻的动作。注意主句和从句的事态
a.When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
b.When I got there, he had already left.
c.When I got there, he left the office,.
从句也可接延续动词，这时从句往往用过去进行时态，表示某一时间段内发生的动作。
d.The doorbell rang when I was telephoning.
3.while
意思相当于：during that time(在…期间)，表示某一时间段内发生的动作，因此，从句谓语动词通常只接延续动词。
a.The phone rang while I was taking my bath.
b.The doorbell rang while we were watching tv.
4.until
1）当主句谓语动词是延续动词时，通常用肯定形式。
a.Wait until he comes back.
b.We’ll stay here till it stops raining.
c.Until I came back, he was waiting for me at my home.
2）若主句谓语动词是短暂动词，则要用否定形式。这就是我们常说的“not…until”（直到……才）的结构。
a.I did not realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
b.Icecream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century.
c.I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
d.He didn’t leave the office until his boss came back.
3) 我们还可以把not…until 变成倒装句型：
a. Not until 12 o’clock last night did I go to bed.
b. Not until his boss came back did he leave the office.
5.表示“一……就……”
表示“一……就……”的连词有：as soon as, once, immediately, the moment。这些连词后面通常都是接短暂动词，表示一点动作。
a.We will leave as soon as it stops raining.
b.Once it stops raining, we will leave.
c.It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.
d.It began to rain immediately I arrived hom
e.
e.It began to rain the moment I arrived home.
6.by the time
by the time 意思是“在…之前”，强调的是“一个动作在另外一个动作之前已经完成，因此，与by the time 搭配的主句要用完成事态。
a.By the time they arrived, we had already left.
b.By the time they arrive, we will have already left.
1. 通常由where引导
a. Stay where you are.
b. After you finish the book, put it where it was.
c. A driver should slow down where there are schools.
d. The tree of this kind grows favorably where it is wet.
2. 也可由whereever、anywhere和everywhere引导地点状语从句。
a. Wherever he happens to be, Clint can make himself at home.
b. Everywhere they appeared, there were ovations.
3. 地点状语从句有时含有条件意味。
a. Where there is a will, there is a way.
b. Wherever there is water, air and earth, there is vegetation.
c. Wherever there is love, there is also wealth and success.
引导原因状语从句最常用的连词由：because, for, as, since.
1.Because
1）语气最强，只有它才能回答why 引导的问句。所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道的或最感兴趣的原因。
a.You want to know why I am leaving? I am leaving because I’m fed up with the
job and boss.
b.My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
2）它可与强调词only、just 连用。
a.Just because I don’t complain, people think I’m satisfied.
b.You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.
2.Since
表示人们已知的事实、不须强调的原因。所以常译为“既然”，通常放在主句前边。
a.Since Monday is Bob’s birthday, let’s throw him a party.
b.Since everyone is here, let’s get started.
c.Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?
d.Since we don’t have class tomorrow, why not go out for a picnic?
e.Since you are sleepy, you might as well go to bed.
3.As
As 与since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需用Because加以强调。
a.She didn’t hear us come in as she was asleep.
b.I left a message as you weren’t there.
c.As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be close
d.
d.I have to speak english with them, as the guys I live with don't know any
Chinese.
4.For
表示推断的理由，是对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明。通常放在主句的后
边。
a.The days are short, for it is now December.
b.It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
c.It must be morning, for the birds are singing.
d.Pay attention to your enemies, for they are the first to discover your mistakes.
1. 目的状语从句常见引导词
主要有：so that，in order that。从句中常含有情态动词will、would或can、could。
a.I turned off the Tv so that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.
b.We climbed high so that (in order that )we could get a better view.
2. 结果状语从句常见的连接词
主要有：so…that, such…that,从句中一般不带情态动词，且从句都要放在主句之后。
a.Sensible Sam: I saw you pushing your bicycle to work this afternoon.
Foolish Fred: Yes, I was so late that I didn’t have time to get on it.
b.The food is so bad in the school cafeteria that flies go there to lose weight.
c.
3. 注意下句中such 和so 的用法区别：（重点掌握！）
So 后边只接加形容词，such 要先接冠词a（n）
a.He is such a good teacher that everyone likes him.
b.He is so good a teacher that everyone likes him.
Such 可修饰不可数名词，so不可：
c.It was such nice weather that we went to the beach.
d.It was so nice weather that we went to the beach. *（这句话是错误的）
但可以说：The weather was so nice that we went to the beach.
Such 可修饰复数名词，so不可
e.He got such heavy boxes that he couldn’t carry them by himsel
f.
So 可与many, much, few, little搭配，such不可。
f.I made so many mistakes that I failed the exam.
g.He has so few friends that he is always lonely.
h.He lost so much money that he didn’t dare to go home.
i.I had so little trouble with the test that I left half an hour early.
条件从句由下列词引导
If，unless, suppose(that), supposing (that), on condition that, providing/provided(that), so long as, as long as,
a.If it rains tomorrow, I will take my umbrella.
b.Don’t worry about mistakes you may make in conversation, so long as you can
make youself understood in English.
c.I may lend you the book on condition that you return it to me in time.
d.I will agree to go provided that my expenses are paid.
1. 常见的让步状语从句的引导词
主要有：though，although，even though，even if
注意：主句前不可用but，但可用yet、still
a.Though /although he tried hard,(yet/still)he failed.
b.Although I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a very good time.
2. 介词表示让步
（al）though 是连词，后边只接从句（有时是省略形式的从句），而despite，in spite of, for all 是介词，后边只接名词（短语），不接从句。
a．Though he was inexpericed, he did a very good job.
=In spite of his inexperience,
c.Although it was dangerous,…=Despite the danger…
d.Though the weather was bad,…=In spite of the bad weather,…
3. while 位于句首，一般表示“尽管…”,引导让步状语从句。
a. While I sympathize with your point of view, I can not accept it.
b. while he has time, it doesn’t mean he has capasity and patience.
4.As 引导的倒装句，表示让步。
句型：adj+ as +主语+谓语
a.young as he is, he is knowlegeable.
b.Poor as he is, he is kind and honest.
前置的也可以是：名词或副词。例如：
c.Much as respect him, I can not agree with him.
d.Hard as he tried, he failed the exam again.
e.Child as he is , he is knowledgeable.
1. 引导词as
1）结构1：“as+形容词或副词+as”
a. The work is not as difficult as you think.
b. Eyes are as eloquent as lips(are).
2) 结构2：“as+形容词+a（n）+可数名词单数+as”.
a. Americans tend to think from small to large. Let us take as simple an example as
the addressing of envelopes.
c.I didn’t finish as large a part of the work as he did
d.
2. 引导词Than
1）应是两个同类事物才能比较，如：he和I。不是两个同类事物是无法比较的
a. He is taller than I (am).
b.. The weather of the south is wetter than that of the North.
2)在有than 的比较句子中，主句中必须有比较级形式出现。
a. he has made greater contributions to the company than any one else.
3. The more… the more…
a. The more she practiced, the worse she sang.
b. The higher you go, the less dense air becomes.
方式状语从句表示主句动作的方式，引导词有：as，as if，as though，the way 等。
a.when in rome , do as the Romans do.
b.Do as you are told.
c.Do as I say, not as I do.
d.Do it the way you were taught.
e.He acted as though/as if he had nothing to do with it..
补充：
一、时间状语从句
1．Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than.主句多用过去完成时，且常倒装，从句用一般过去时。
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Hardly / scarcely had I arrived home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we begun having dinner than the doorbell rang.
2. 有些表示时间的短语也可当做连词来用，引导时间状语从句：next time，by the time, every time, each time, the day, the week等。
a. The day he returned, his father was already dead.
b. Next time you come, remember to bring along your sister.
c. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
Once 和the moment 都表示一……就。其中the moment 表示动作已经发生，once 表示动作还没有发生。
--Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
--Yes,I gave it to her _____I saw her.
A.while
B.the moment
C.suddenly
D.once
二、原因状语从句
1.引导原因状语从句的其他复合连词
1）seeing (that), now(that), considering(that), given(that),与since相近，他们都有“鉴于某个事实，考虑到…”的意思。
a. Seeing that it’s raining hard, we’ll have to stay here for the night.
b. they did the job very well, considering that they had no experience.
c. Given that they are inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.
D. Now that the semester is finished, I’m going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
2) in that 基本意思是“原因就在于…”, 其引导的从句要放在主句后边，而且主句通常是在做比较。
a. The girl is like her mother in that she also has very delicate feeling.
Lhasa is unique _________ it is the highest city in China.
A.on that
B.for that
C.in that.
D.So that
三、目的状语从句
1）lest, for fear(that), in case, 也可引导目的状语从句，有时含有否定意义，可以翻译为“以免，以防，生怕…”
a. Take an umbrella with you lest it should rain.
b. people evacuated the building for fear that the wall should collapse.
四、结果状语从句
To the degree(that), to the extent (that), to such a degree (that), to such an extent(that). 当他们位于句首表强调时，主句需倒装。
1，To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.
2，To such an extent ________ his empty speech that some of us began to doze.
A.did he go on with
B. he would go on with
C. he went on with
D. he did go on
with
五、表示“倍数比较”的三种句型
英语中，除了用than，as来对两个事物进行比较外，还可以用times来表示，比如说A 是B的三倍长
a. A is thee times the length of B
b. A is three times longer than B
c. A is three times as long as B.
Americans eat ______ as they actually need every day.
A.twice as much protein
B.twice protein as much twice
C.twice protein as much
D.protein as twice much
原因状语从句的用法
原因状语从句的用法 原因状语从句表原因，以下逐一介绍高考中常见的原因状语从句的引导词： 1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因，语气最强，最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。例如： I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是 因为我喜欢。 注意：“not ... because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句，有时也否定主句例如： The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。I 2. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式，语气比because弱。例如： Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息，你最好帮我补习数学。 注意： seeing (that)， now (that)， considering (that)， in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近，都表示“既然”。例如： Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在没有理由要来帮助他。// Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。// Considering (that) everyb ody is here, let’s begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了，我们就开始讨论吧。// In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因为有病，他觉得做不了那件 事。注意： 1. considering 和 given 还可用介词。如： Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说，这小孩读得 挺好的。 Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 2. 表示“因为”的连词不能与表示“所以”的 so 连用。如： 译：因为他病了，所以没有出席会议。 误：Because he was ill, so he didn’t attend the meeting. 正：He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill. 正：He was ill so he didn’t attend the meeting 3. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。例如：As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽车。// As you are tired, you had better rest.
状语从句翻译练习
状语从句翻译练习 Practice makes perfect!让我们一起坚持联系，坚持就是胜利！ 第一关 1. 他喜欢去有海的地方旅游。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 请把这些书放回原处（它们原来所在的地方）。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 因为昨晚下雨了，所以地面很湿。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面很湿。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 既然大家都明白了，咱们开始吧。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二关 6. 孩子们一边唱歌一边跳舞。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 为了能赶上第一班车，他很早就起床了。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 他起床很早，结果赶上了第一班车。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 他立刻关掉电源以防火灾。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 老人气得说不出话来了。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第三关 11. 天太热，大家都去游泳了。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 假如没有水，会发生什么呢？ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 我不会其参加那个聚会的，除非受到邀请。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. 只要你相信我，我会帮你实现目标的。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. 一旦你失去信心，就会失去一切。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. They like to go traveling where there is the sea. 2. Put the books where they were. 3. Because it was raining last night, the ground is wet. 4. It must have been raining last night because the ground is wet. 5. Since everyone understands it, let's begin. 6. Children are singing while (they are) dancing. 7. He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. 8. He got up so early that he caught the first bus. 9. He cut off the electricity so that he could prevent the fire from breaking out. 10.The old man was so angry that he couldn't say any words. 11.It was too hot so all went swimming. 12.If there were no water, what would happen? 13.I won't go to the party unless I am invited. 14.If you trust me, I will be able to help you to achieve your goal. 15. Once you lose your confidence, you lose everything. 第四关 16. 孩子虽小，可他很懂事。 17. 即使人人都这么说，我还是不愿相信这是真的。
状语从句
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原因状语从句练习题: 一、填入恰当的连词 1. I didn’t go to school yesterday _________ I was ill. 2. ________ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 3. ________ you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 4. I asked her to stay to tea, ________ I had something to tell her. 5. ________ all the passengers are here, why don’t we start at once? 6. Bill won’t make any progress ________ he doesn’t study harder than before. 7. He might have gone to bed, ________ the light went out. 二、改写句子,保持句意不变 1) The ship changed its course because there was a storm. The ship changed its course _______ _______ _______ _______. 2) Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school. He was ill, _______ he didn’t go to school. 3) He couldn't walk because his leg was broken. He couldn't walk ______ ______ his ______ leg. 4) I came back because it was raining heavily. I came back ______ ______ the ______ rain. 练习答案： 一、1.because 2.Since 3.As 4.because 5.Since 6.because 7.for
状语从句讲解及练习
状语从句 在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句，修饰主句的谓语动词，形容词或副词，状语 说白了就是修饰动作的词或句，也可以理解成修饰谓语的词或句。通常由副词、介词短语、 动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如： 1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call. (副词 ) 2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset. (介词状短语 ) 3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day. (不定式 ) 4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted. (过去分词 ) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough 用作状语修饰形容词和副词时 必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法 相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词： when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词： the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day ， the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner ? than, hardly ? when, scarcely ? when I didn ’ t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV , his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard( 果园 ) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. When , while, as 都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。 1) When Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest. 注意点： when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be 可以省略。Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher. 2) As As 除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面``` 一面”，“随着” Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面 ```一面 ) You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着) 3) While 表示“当 ``` 的时候” 强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时， 从句动词必须是延续性动词。 Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest. While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused. 注意点： while 有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。 eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee. 1．until, not ? until 表示“直到 ```才” ,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。
状语从句解题技巧
状语从句 状语从句的作用： 状语从句的种类： 状语从句的考点： ?各种状语从句的从属连词有哪些； ?同一种状语从句中从属连词的区别； ?同一个从属连词在多种状语从句中的运用。 一、时间状语从句： 引导词：When, whenever, as, while, before, after, until (till), since, as soon as, once each/every time, next time, the first/…time, the moment, the minute, instantly, immediately, directly(一…就…), no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when 考查重点： 1)when的用法：was doing…when, be about to do… when“正在做 某事/正要做….突然发生另一件事”。 2.)几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别： It is + 时刻+ when… It is/has been + 段时+ since（谓语动词一般为过去时）… It will be/was + 段时+ before (现在时/过去时).“过一段时间…才” 3).before的用法： A：表“还未来得及…就…”B：表“过一段时间才…”， 4).until的用法：在not…until结构中，谓语用短暂性动词，“直到…才”;谓语为延续性动词，用until表“一直持续到…”。 5) no sooner…than，hardly/scarcely…when 刚……就 A. 时态：主句用过去完成时（had + pp）从句用一般过去时 B. 倒装：no sooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要倒装 She had no sooner arrived at the station than the train started to move. No sooner had she arrived at the station than …. He had hardly entered the hotel when it began to snow. Hardly had he entered the hotel when it began to snow 二、原因状语从句： 引导词：because, since, as, for, now( that), considering (that), seeing (that) 考查重点：because, since, as, for because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why since –通常放句首．译为“既然” as–不谈自明的原因，语气最弱． for–放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明。 三、地点状语从句： 引导词：where. Wherever。Where指“在某个地方”，wherever指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方”，在使用时：一要注意两者的含义区别。二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别。三要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词+which引导。出题者既考状语从句又考定语从句和状语从句的区别。还加入名词性从句这一干扰项。四、目的状语从句和结果状语从句 引导词：in case, so that, in order that, for fear that。So that引导状语从句只能置于主句之后。In order that 引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后。目的状语从句的谓语常含有can，could，may，might情态动词。这也是与结果状语从句的一个区别。引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that，such…that.结果状语放在主句之后。
as引导的五种状语从句
as作从属连词用时,可以引导五种状语从句。现归纳如下： 1. as表示“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句,多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生,从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。例如： As I waited at the stop, I heard a big noise. 当我在车站等车的时候,我听到一个很大的声响。 She rose up as he entered. 当他进来时,她站了起来。 2. as表示“因为”、“由于”,引导原因状语从句,其语气不如because强,通常为附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因,主句与从句没有逻辑上的因果关系。例如： As she was not well, I went there alone. 因为她身体不好,所以我独自到那里去了。 As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. 由于他是个裁缝,他知道怎样利用这块布料。 3. as表示“虽然……但是……”,引导让步状语从句,从句通常用倒装语序,把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面,可以用though替代。例如： Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子,但他知道的东西很多。 Hard as it was raining, they went on working in the field. 虽然天下大雨,但他们继续在田地里干活。 4. as表示“按照”、“依照”、“像”,引导方式状语从句,从句置于主句之后。例如： You should do as the teacher tells you.你应当依照老师所说的去做。 The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth. 空气的不存在,也说明了为什么在空中星星看来并不闪烁,而不像从地球上看的那样。 5. as表示“像……一样”,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较,说明它们之间有相似之处,在从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。例如： He doesn't work as hard as I (do). 他不像我工作那样努力。 I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.我希望我挂项链同你借给我的一样好。
对原因状语从句几个连词的区分
对原因状语从句几个连词的区分 In the morning I didn’t need to get out early. I would always spend over an hour just surfing_______Internet. The same would happen at night. I didn’t go to bed ________I felt very tired and sleepy. Later I made a _________(decide) to develop a new habit because I didn’t like the feeling I had when_________(waste) time on the computer. I simply decided that I would not go near my computer before 9 a.m. or after 9 p.m.,________has worked indeed. Now, I can’t say that I never quit, but on the whole, I find I feel much better, more_________(relax) and more in control of m day and my rest. Every time I quit, I remind________immediately why I hoped to develop this habit in the beginning. It is also helpful to keep things in order. ________I don’t yet have a cellphone, my new habit means it can be________twenty –hours or more that I will be away from my emails. I am happy that I can decide when to turn on my computer and deal with emails and________to spend my time. 答案：the; felt; decision; waiting; which; relaxed; myself; as; for; how because, as, for, since这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词,语气由强至弱依次为：because→since→as→for;其中because, since, as均为从属连词,引导原因状语从句；而for 是并列连词,引导并列句. 1. because表示直接原因,它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的,其语气最强.常用来回答why的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在.例如： (1)I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我呆在家里. (2)Because Lingling was ill, she didn”t come to school. 玲玲因病,没有上学.
英语状语从句的汉译
英语状语从句的汉译 发表时间：2009-03-18T17:21:44.750Z 来源：《中华现代教育》2009年第1、2期合刊供稿作者：江广华[导读] 英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。【摘要】英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。有些状语从句的位置比较灵活，有前有后。在英语状语从句的汉译中，我们应注意各类状语从句在英汉两种语言中的位置差异，在译文中适当调整语序，相应地译成符合译 文表达习惯的状语从句。 【关键词】英语；状语；从句；汉译；探讨 英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。有些状语从句的位置比较灵活，有前有后。此外，英语中各类状语从句都有明显的反映其逻辑关系的连接词。汉语的状语从句与英语的状语从句最大区别就在于状语从句的位置和连接词。一般说来，英语中表示方式、比较和结果等关系的状语从句位于主句之后，其它状语从句的位置比较灵活，可前可后。汉语中多数状语从句是放在主句之前，只有比较和结果状语从句位于主句之后，方式状语从句则可前可后。因此，在翻译状语从句时，无论是英译汉，还是汉译英，我们应注意各类状语从句在英汉两种语言中的位置差异，在译文中适当调整语序，相应地译成符合译文表达习惯的状语从句。其次，应注意连接词，分清主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，尤其是在汉译英时，因为汉语造句多用意合法，一些连接词往往省略。英译汉时，还应注意尽量避免机械地照搬连接词的汉语对应词或译义，在准确理解主句和从句间的逻辑关系后，进行相应的句型转换，如将英语的时间状语从句译为汉语的并列句或条件句，地点状语从句译为汉语的条件句等。汉译英时我们还应注意主语的使用。 一、状语从句前置 英语中的时间、地点、条件、原因等状语从句可前可后，而汉语中的这类状语从句一般前置；英语中表示条件的状语从句一般位于句首，尤其是虚拟条件句，这类条件句常常采用顺译法，将从句置于句首；英语中的让步状语从句前后均可，而汉语则前置为多。Culture shock does not seem like a very helpful experience, when you are going through its four stages. 当你在经历文化冲击的四个阶段时，它似乎并不是一件有益的事。(时间状语从句) Whenever we go, we must build up good relations with people. 我们不论到什么地方，都要和人们把关系搞好。（地点状语从句）You will fail unless you work hard. 除非你积极工作，不然你总要失败。（条件状语从句） Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate. 因为我们住在海滨，所以能享受到有益健康的气候。（原因状语从句）二、状语从句后置 汉语中表原因、时间、条件、让步的从句一般前置，但有时也将它们放在主句后面，此时，从句含有补充说明的作用。英语中表示比较、结果、方式和目的的状语从句汉译时可后置。 Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 人人都喜欢你，因为你既和气，又诚实。（原因状语从句） I had been puzzling over the problem for over an hour without any result, when suddenly solution flashed across my mind. 这个问题把我难住了一个多小时，后来我突然开窍了，找到了答案。（时间状语从句）The sound of thunder nearly always follows the lighting flash although they happen together. 雷声几乎总是跟在闪电后面，尽管它们是同时发生的。（让步状语从句）A rocket must attain a speed of about five miles per second so that it may put a satellite in orbit. 火箭必须获得大约每秒5英里的速度，以便把卫星送入轨道。(目的状语从句) These trees and plants in the sea are so far from the top of the water that no one can see them. 海底的这些树木和植物离水面太远，所以没有人能看见它们。(结果状语从句) He speaks English as if he were an Englishman. 他说起英语来好像一个英国人似的。（方式状语从句） 三、状语从句的转换 有些状语从句从形式上看是某种状语从句，但从其主句和从句的逻辑意义来看，却不属于该种状语从句，而属于另一种从句。此时，汉译时就可根据主句和从句的逻辑意义，进行适当的转换，将其翻译成为另一种句型。如将时间状语从句译为条件句或让步状语从句，地点状语从句译为条件句或结果状语从句等等。 When the molecules of a solid move fast enough, the solid melts and becomes a liquid.(时间状语从句)如果固体内的分子达到一定的运动速度，固体就融化为液体。（条件从句）Why use metal when you can use plastic?（时间状语从句）既然可用塑料，为什么要用金属呢？（让步状语从句）Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.(地点状语从句) 如果有声音，就一定有声波。（条件状语从句） Whatever you fellows are recommending today, you will be sorry about a week from now. (让步状语从句) 不管你们这些人今天提出什么意见，从现在起，你们将有一个星期的日子是难过的。（条件分句）四、省略连词 由于汉语造句采用意合法，汉语的复合句常常省略连词。因此，翻译英语中有些状语从句中的连词时，省略比译出更符合汉语表达习惯。此时从句和主句之间可能成为并列关系，或与主句紧缩为一个句子。He came here in 1985, when he was only a little boy. （时间状语从句）他于1985 年来到这里，那时他还只是一个小男孩。（并列句）
状语从句解题技巧及练习测试题
状语从句解题技巧及练习测试题 一、初中英语状语从句 1．--Peter, please send us postcards we’ll know where you have visited. --No problem. A．but B．or C．for D．so 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：——彼得，请给我们及明星片，这样我们将会知道你参观过哪里。——没问题。but 但是，表示转折关系；or或者，表示选择；for为了，表示原因；so所以，表示结果。结合句意，前半句让彼得给我们及明信片，后半句知道彼得到哪里参观了，后一句是前一句的结果，故用连词so。故选D。 2．—I’m going to the post office. —________you are there, can you get me some stamps? A．When B．While C．Because D．If 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：A. As 一边…一边，作为 B. While当…时候 C. Because 因为 D. lf假如；句意：我将要去邮局。你去那里的时候，能不能给我带一些邮票呢？故选B 考点：连词 点评：连词在中考中涉及到的很多，尤其在宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句中连词是必考点。平时学习过程中，掌握连词的意思，及所表示的关系是至关重要的，这种关系的判断可以通过句子意思的理解来选择恰到的连词。 3．—Leonardo didn't win an Oscar he acted in The Revenant（荒野求生）. 一Yeah. It was hard for him to realize this dream, but he never gave up. A．after B．since C．when D．until 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——列奥纳多直到他在《荒野求生》中才获得奥斯卡奖。——是的。对他来说很难实现这个梦想，但他从不放弃。考查连词辨析题。A. after在……以后；B. since自从……；C. when当……时候；D. until直到……才，多和not连用。本句是时间状语从句，四个选项都可做引导词；根据Leonardo didn't win an Oscar和答语中的but he never gave up.，结合句意结构和语境，可知until符合句意，故选D。 4． 一Last night I went to a concert of Chinese folk music. Erquan Yingyue was so sad but beautiful that I sensed a strong sadness and pain under the beauty. 一So it was. The musician who played it last night to play the erhu since he very young.
语法知识—状语从句的分类汇编含解析
一、选择题 1．Mr. White tells us the calls meeting will be cancelled if no agreement _________ tomorrow. A．is reached B．will be reached C．is going to be reached D．has been reached 2．I watched the World Cup in a bar last night and I home 1:00 in the morning. A．go; until B．went; until C．didn’t go; until D．won’t go; until 3．I still have difficulty ________the article________ there are few new words in it. A．to understand; because B．understand ; though C．understanding ; if D．understanding ; though 4．What does she want to do when she ________some money? A．is going to save B．saves C．will save 5．He offered________valuable suggestions ________ few people disagreed. A．such, that B．very, that C．so, that D．too, that 6．I don’t like nuts ________ they are too hard. A．if B．after C．when D．because 7．______ we have different opinions from time to time, we are still good friends. A．Until B．After C．Because D．Though 8．--- What was the party like? --- Wonderful. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. A．since B．after C．when D．before 9．— What shall we do now? —__________ it’s raining hard, let’s stay at home. A．So B．Since C．Though D．Otherwise 10．Chinese market is________a big one________you should all come and see what it has to offer. A．so, that B．such, that C．enough, that D．too, to 11．一Mom, I took my partner's math book home by mistake. What should I do? 一Well, you should call her you can say sorry to her. A．as if B．so that C．even though D．ever since 12．________ haburgers are junk food, many children still like them. A．If B．Unless C．Because D．Although 13．—Has Jim known the good news? —Not yet. I will tell him about it ________ he comes back. A．while B．until C．as soon as D．since 14．— What should I do if I ______ behind others in my study? — You are going to work really hard to catch up with them.