英语六级听力历年真题原文完整版

学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了〞。

为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。〞英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，假设你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说〞、“多听〞、“多读〞、“多写〞，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。

一、多“说〞。

自己多创造时机与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。

或许你有时机碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必需要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。

假设没有适宜的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的进步。

二、多“听〞

寻找一切可以听英语的时机。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，假设这样的时机少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。

三、多“读〞。

“读〞可以分为两种。一种是“默读〞。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你进步阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为如今的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。另一种是“朗读〞这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。

四、多“写〞

有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写〞的形式很多，不一定就写作文才进步写作才能。比方写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作才能，比方学“wish〞一词时，可写一小段如下：

The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.

只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深化得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。

学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的漫步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出

一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快进步的。

背英语单词技巧

1、循环记忆法

艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线

人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，考虑过的问题，体验过的情

感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从"记"到"忆"是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知，要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一

番工夫的，单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而无视了后期的保持和再认同样是达

不到良好的效果的。

在信息的处理上，记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程，从信息处理

的角度上，英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。人的记忆的才

能从生理上讲是非常惊人的，它可以存贮1015比特(byte，字节)的信息，可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%，还有更多的记忆发挥空间。这是因为，

有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果，却无视了记忆中的更大的问题--即记忆的结实度问题，那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律。

一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释

德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在1885年发表了他的实验报告后，记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一，而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。

根据我们所知道的，记忆的保持在时间上是不同的，有短时的记忆和长时的记

忆两种。而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的：

输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后，便成为了人的短时的记忆，但是假

设不经过及时的复习，这些记住过的东西就会遗忘，而经过了及时的复习，这

些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆，从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。那么，对于我们来讲，怎样才叫做遗忘呢，所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记

忆过的东西不能再认起来，也不能回忆起来，或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆，这些都是遗忘。艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的，他得

出了一些关于记忆的结论。他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节，也就是那些不

能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合，比方asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc等等。

他经过对自己的测试，得到了一些数据。

然后，艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线，这就是非常有名的提醒遗

忘规律的曲线：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，图中竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量，横

轴表示时间(天数)，曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。

这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的，遗忘的进程不是平衡的，不是

固定的一天丢掉几个，转天又丢几个的，而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快，后来就逐渐减慢了，到了相当长的时候后，几乎就不再遗忘了，这就是遗

忘的开展规律，即"先快后慢"的原那么。观察这条遗忘曲线，你会发现,学得的知识在一天后，如不抓紧复习,就只剩下原来的25%)。随着时间的推移,遗忘的速度减慢，遗忘的数量也就减少。有人做过一个实验，两组学生学习一段课文，甲组在学习后不久进展一次复习，乙组不予复习，一天后甲组保持98%，乙组保持56%；一周后甲组保持83%，乙组保持33%。乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。

二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线

而且，艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现，记住12个无意义音节，平均需要重复次；为了记住36个无意义章节，需重复54次；而记忆六首诗中的480个音节，平均只需要重复8次！这个实验告诉我们，但凡理解了的知识，就能记得迅速、全面而结实。不然，愣是死记硬背，那也是费力不讨好的。因此，比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料，而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气，在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。因此，艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线，而且是对无意义的音节而言，对于与其他材料的比照，艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线，不过他们大体上都是一致的。

因此，艾宾浩斯的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理，学习要勤于复习，而且记忆的理解效果越好，遗忘的也越慢。

三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线--个性化的艾宾浩斯

上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后，产生了不同的记忆数据，从而生成的一种曲线，是一个具有共性的群体规律。此记忆曲线并不考虑承受试验个人的个性特点，而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。但是记忆规律可以详细到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。规律对于自然人改造世界的行为，只能起一个催化的作用，假设与每个人的记忆特点相吻合，那么就如顺水扬帆，一日千里；假设与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果那么会大打折扣。因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线

2?如何学英语

下定决心，坚持不懈

英语学习作为一门语言技能，通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。一般地说，英语学习的原那么是听、说领先，读、写跟上。李扬的疯狂英语提倡，首先建立起我能学好英语的信心，然后以句子为单位，大量地模拟，疯狂地操练，大声地朗读，最后到达自如地说英语，他的方法对进步说英语的才能很奏效。钟道隆教授45岁开始学英语，一年后，学成出国当口语翻译，并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法，他的方法强调以听为主，并且把所听到的内容全部写下来。尤其是他的学习精神最可佳，他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机，你可想象他听了多少英语；用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐，你可想象他写了多少，在一年半内，累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时，也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。假设我们做到他那样，一定也能学好英语。最重要的是坚持，只要能下定决心，坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语，战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。

注意方法，循序渐进

决心下定，还注意学习方法，有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的，选择不同的学习方法，但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。要把根底知识掌握好，也就是说，发音要正确、根本词汇要掌握牢、根本句式要纯熟、根本语法要会用。

〔1〕要过好语音关。把每一个音标发正确，注意改正有问题的音素，特别是那些容易混淆的音素，尽早地掌握国际音标，并尽量的掌握一些读音规那么，尽快地能利用读音规那么来拼单词，掌握读音规那么对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。

〔2〕掌握一定数量的英语单词。对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关，学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握，要注意单词的一词多义，一词多类的用法，要学会一些构词法的知识，来扩展词汇量。学习单词要在语言材料中去学，要结合词组，通过句子，阅读文章来活记单词，死记的单词是记不牢的。坚持在读、说前，先反复听，听的时候反响单词、句子的意思和节奏，想一下单词的拼法、句子构造。并要同学习语法规那么有机结合起来进展。〔3〕掌握好根本语法。语法在学习英语中也很重要，它能帮助我们把握住英语的根本规律，通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规那么要记住，活的规那么要通过做大量的练习掌握。总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进展操练，不但要注意数量，更重要的是要注意质量，尤其是根本知识要掌握的准确，纯熟。只有经过大量的理论，才能做到熟能生巧，运用自如。

提早预习，有的放矢

作为学生，在每次上课前，都要对要学的课文提早预习。首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词，也可以借助配套磁带反复听，比照一下，把握不准的要标出来，注意上课教师的发音，还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性。借助课文的注释或辅导材料，预习一遍课文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有数，在教师讲课时注意听这些地方。总之，预习的目的是熟悉要学的内容，找出不明白的地方，带着问题听课，做到有的放矢。

认真听课，积极配合

课堂是教师与学生一起学习、掌握、运用知识的主要场所。作为起主导作用的教师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的，但也需要学习者的积极配合。上课要专心听讲、作好笔记、认真操练、积极考虑。预习时出现的问题在课堂上教师没有讲到的，要向教师提出，把问题搞清楚，教师讲授的问题，先注意听，下课后整理一下笔记，反复考虑一下这些问题，抓住教师所讲的重点，难点和考点。总之，上课时要做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想，调动起多个感官来。

完成作业，找出问题

学完每一课，要认真完成课后作业。做作业时一定不要看参考书上题的答案，做完后再对答案，对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题，应该记下来，等下次上课时提出来。做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节，它是消化知识和稳固知识的过程，一定要认真完成规定的作业，笔头作业要动一动笔，口头作业要动一动嘴，进步听力要练一练耳，课文在听和读的根底上，最好背诵某些精彩段落。总之，要做大量的练习，英语是练出来的，一定不要偷懒。

及时复习，稳固知识

学会了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘，但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的。更

不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心。问题在于怎样来减轻

遗忘的程度。擅长类比，总结知识，把新学的知识同过去学的有关的知识进展

横向和纵向比较和联络。建立错误档案记录，加深印象，以防止再反同样错误。我们大部分知识和技能是靠重复获得的，及时复习对于记忆非常必要，学英语

就是要坚持天天不断的练，不断地重复根本句型，常用词汇和根本语法等。学

习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程。

总而言之，只要你能做到下定决心学，注意学习方法，把课前预习，认真听课，完成作业，及时复习这些环节作好了，你一定可以学好英语

学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了〞。为什么有好多学生对英语的

学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。〞英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，假设你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说〞、“多听〞、“多读〞、“多写〞，

那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。

一、多“说〞。

自己多创造时机与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。

或许你有时机碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必需要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。

假设没有适宜的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的进步。

二、多“听〞

寻找一切可以听英语的时机。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，假设这样的时机少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。

三、多“读〞。

“读〞可以分为两种。一种是“默读〞。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你进步阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为如今的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。另一种是“朗读〞这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。

四、多“写〞

有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写〞的形式很多，不一定就写作文才进步写作才能。比方写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作才能，比方学“wish〞一词时，可写一小段如下：

The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.

只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深化得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。

学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的漫步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快进步的。

背英语单词技巧

1、循环记忆法

艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线

人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，考虑过的问题，体验过的情感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从"记"到"忆"是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知，要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的，单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而无视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。

在信息的处理上，记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程，从信息处理的角度上，英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。人的记忆的才能从生理上讲是非常惊人的，它可以存贮1015比特(byte，字节)的信息，可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%，还有更多的记忆发挥空间。这是因为，有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果，却无视了记忆中的更大的问题--即记忆的结实度问题，那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律。

一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释

德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在1885年发表了他的实验报告后，记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一，而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。

根据我们所知道的，记忆的保持在时间上是不同的，有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种。而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的：

输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后，便成为了人的短时的记忆，但是假设不经过及时的复习，这些记住过的东西就会遗忘，而经过了及时的复习，这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆，从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。那么，对于我们来讲，怎样才叫做遗忘呢，所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来，也不能回忆起来，或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆，这些都是遗忘。艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的，他得出了一些关于记忆的结论。他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节，也就是那些不能拼出单词来

的众多字母的组合，比方asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc等等。他经过对自己的测试，得到了一些数据。

然后，艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线，这就是非常有名的提醒遗忘规律的曲线：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，图中竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量，横轴表示时间(天数)，曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。

这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的，遗忘的进程不是平衡的，不是固定的一天丢掉几个，转天又丢几个的，而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快，后来就逐渐减慢了，到了相当长的时候后，几乎就不再遗忘了，这就是遗忘的开展规律，即"先快后慢"的原那么。观察这条遗忘曲线，你会发现,学得的知识在一天后，如不抓紧复习,就只剩下原来的25%)。随着时间的推移,遗忘的速度减慢，遗忘的数量也就减少。有人做过一个实验，两组学生学习一段课文，甲组在学习后不久进展一次复习，乙组不予复习，一天后甲组保持98%，乙组保持56%；一周后甲组保持83%，乙组保持33%。乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。

二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线

而且，艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现，记住12个无意义音节，平均需要重复次；为了记住36个无意义章节，需重复54次；而记忆六首诗中的480个音节，平均只需要重复8次！这个实验告诉我们，但凡理解了的知识，就能记得迅速、全面而结实。不然，愣是死记硬背，那也是费力不讨好的。因此，比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料，而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气，在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。因此，艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线，而且是对无意义的音节而言，对于与其他材料的比照，艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线，不过他们大体上都是一致的。

因此，艾宾浩斯的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理，学习要勤于复习，而且记忆的理解效果越好，遗忘的也越慢。

三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线--个性化的艾宾浩斯

上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后，产生了不同的记忆数据，从而生成的一种曲线，是一个具有共性的群体规律。此记忆曲线并不考虑承受试验个人的个性特点，而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。

但是记忆规律可以详细到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。规律对于自然人改造世界的行为，只能起一个催化的作用，假设与每个人的记忆特点相吻合，那么就如顺水扬帆，一日千里；假设与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果那么会大打折扣。因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线

2?如何学英语

下定决心，坚持不懈

英语学习作为一门语言技能，通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。一般地说，英语学习的原那么是听、说领先，读、写跟上。李扬的疯狂英语提倡，首先建立起我能学好英语的信心，然后以句子为单位，大量地模拟，疯狂地操练，大声地朗读，最后到达自如地说英语，他的方法对进步说英语的才能很奏效。钟道隆教授45岁开始学英语，一年后，学成出国当口语翻译，并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法，他的方法强调以听为主，并且把所听到的内容全部写下来。

尤其是他的学习精神最可佳，他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机，你可想象他听了多少英语；用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐，你可想象他写了多少，在一年半内，累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时，也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。假设我们做到他那样，一定也能学好英语。最重要的是坚持，只要能下定决心，坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语，战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。

注意方法，循序渐进

决心下定，还注意学习方法，有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的，选择不同的学习方法，但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。要把根底知识掌握好，也就是说，发音要正确、根本词汇要掌握牢、根本句式要纯熟、根本语法要会用。

〔1〕要过好语音关。把每一个音标发正确，注意改正有问题的音素，特别是那些容易混淆的音素，尽早地掌握国际音标，并尽量的掌握一些读音规那么，尽快地能利用读音规那么来拼单词，掌握读音规那么对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。〔2〕掌握一定数量的英语单词。对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关，学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握，要注意单词的一词多义，一词多类的用法，要学会一些构词法的知识，来扩展词汇量。学习单词要在语言材料中去学，要结合词组，通过句子，阅读文章来活记单词，死记的单词是记不牢的。坚持在读、说前，先反复听，听的时候反响单词、句子的意思和节奏，想一下单词的拼法、句子构造。并要同学习语法规那么有机结合起来进展。

〔3〕掌握好根本语法。语法在学习英语中也很重要，它能帮助我们把握住英语的根本规律，通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规那么要记住，活的规那么要通过做大量的练习掌握。总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进展操练，不但要注意数量，更重要的是要注意质量，尤其是根本知识要掌握的准确，纯熟。只有经过大量的理论，才能做到熟能生巧，运用自如。

提早预习，有的放矢

作为学生，在每次上课前，都要对要学的课文提早预习。首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词，也可以借助配套磁带反复听，比照一下，把握不准的要标出来，注意上课教师的发音，还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性。借助课文的注释或辅导材料，预习一遍课文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有数，在教师讲课时注意听这些地方。总之，预习的目的是熟悉要学的内容，找出不明白的地方，带着问题听课，做到有的放矢。

认真听课，积极配合

课堂是教师与学生一起学习、掌握、运用知识的主要场所。作为起主导作用的教师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的，但也需要学习者的积极配合。上课要专心听讲、作好笔记、认真操练、积极考虑。预习时出现的问题在课堂上教师没有讲到的，要向教师提出，把问题搞清楚，教师讲授的问题，先注意听，下课后整理一下笔记，反复考虑一下这些问题，抓住教师所讲的重点，难点和考点。总之，上课时要做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想，调动起多个感官来。

完成作业，找出问题

学完每一课，要认真完成课后作业。做作业时一定不要看参考书上题的答案，做完后再对答案，对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题，应该记下来，等下次上课时提出来。做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节，它是消化知识和稳固知识的过程，

一定要认真完成规定的作业，笔头作业要动一动笔，口头作业要动一动嘴，进步听力要练一练耳，课文在听和读的根底上，最好背诵某些精彩段落。总之，要做大量的练习，英语是练出来的，一定不要偷懒。

及时复习，稳固知识

学会了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘，但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的。更不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心。问题在于怎样来减轻遗忘的程度。擅长类比，总结知识，把新学的知识同过去学的有关的知识进展横向和纵向比较和联络。建立错误档案记录，加深印象，以防止再反同样错误。我们大部分知识和技能是靠重复获得的，及时复习对于记忆非常必要，学英语就是要坚持天天不断的练，不断地重复根本句型，常用词汇和根本语法等。学习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程。

总而言之，只要你能做到下定决心学，注意学习方法，把课前预习，认真听课，完成作业，及时复习这些环节作好了，你一定可以学好英语

2021年12月英语六级听力原文完好版

Section A

短对话〔11~18〕

11

W: This is one of our best and least expensive two-bedroom listings. It’s located in a quiet building and it’s close to bus lines.

M: That may be true. But look at it, it’s awful, the paint has peeled off and the carpet is worn and the stove is ancient.

Q: What can we infer from the conversation?

12

M: The pictures we took at the botanical garden should be ready tomorrow.

W: I can’t wait to see them, I’m wondering if the shots I took are as good as I thought.

Q: What is the woman eager to know?

13

W: The handle of the suitcase is broken. Can you have it fixed by next Tuesday?

M: Let me see, I need to find a handle that matche s but that shouldn’t take too long.

Q: What does the man mean?

14

M: This truck looks like what I need but I’m worried about maintenance. For us it’ll have to operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures.

W: We have several models that are especially adaptive for extreme conditions. Would you like to see them?

Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

15

M: I think your boss would be very upset when he gets your letter of resignation.

W: That may be so. But in the letter, I just told him frankly I could no longer live with his poor management and stupid decisions.

Q: What do we learn about the woman?

16

W I’d like to exchange the shirt. I’ve learned that the person I bought it for is allergic to wool.

M Maybe we can find something in cotton or silk. Please come this way.

Q；What does the women want to do？

17

M: Excuse me, Miss？Did anyone happen to turn in a new handbag? You know, it’s a birthday gift for my wife.

W: Let me see. Oh, we’ve got quite a lot of women’s bags her e. Can you give me more detailed information, such as its color, the size and the trademark?

Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?

18

M What are you going to do with the old house you inherited from your grandfather?

W I once intended to sell it, but now, I’m thinking of turning it into a guest house, because it's still a solid structure.

Q: What does the man plan to do with his old house?

长对话〔19~25〕

W: When you write a novel, do you know where you’re going, Dr. James?

M: Yes, you must, really, if you’re writing the classical detective story, because it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued. I have schemes. I have charts. I have diagrams. It doesn’t mean to say I always get it right, but I do plan before I begin writing. But what is so fascinating is how a book changes during the process of writing. It seems to me that creative writing is a process of revelation, really, rather than of creativity in the ordinary sense.

W: When you’re planning the basic structure, do you like to go away to be sure that you’re by yourself?

M: I need to be by myself certainly, absolutely. I can’t even bear anybody else in the house. I don’t mind much where I am as long as I’ve got enough space to write, but I need to be completely alone.

W: Is that very important to you?

M: Oh, yes. I’ve never been lonely in all my life.

W: How extraordinary! Never?

M: No, never.

W: You’re very lucky. Someone once said that there’s a bit of ice at the heart of every writer.

M: Yes. I think this is true. The writer can stand aside from experience and look at it, watch it happening. There is this ‘detachment’ and I realize that there are obviously experiences which would overwhelm everyone. But very often, a writer can appear to stand aside, and this detachment mak es people feel there’s a bit of ice in the heart.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man?

20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?

21. What does the man say about writers?

W: There is an element there about competition then, isn’t there? Because British railways are a nationalized industry. There’s only one railway system in the country. If you don’t like a particular kind of big beans, you can go and buy another. But if you don't like a particular railway, you can’t go and use another.

M: Some people who write to me say this. They say that if you didn’t have a monopoly, you wouldn’t be able to do the things you do. Well, I don’t think we do anything deliberately to upset our customers. We have particular problems. Since 1946, when the Transport Act came in, we were nationalized.

W: Do you think that’s a good thing? Has it been a good thing for the railways, do you think, to be nationalized?

M: Oh I think so, yes. Because in general, modes of transport are all around. Let’s face the fact. The car arrived. The car is here to stay. There is no question about that.

W: So what are you saying then? Is it if the railways happen being nationalized, they would simply have disappeared?

M: Oh, I think they would have. They’re disappearing fast in America. Er, the French railways lose 1 billion pounds a year. The German railways, 2 billion pounds a year. But you see, those governments are preparing to pour money into the transport system to keep it going.

W: So in a sense, you cope between two extremes. On the one hand, you’re trying not to lose too much money. And on the other hand, you’ve got to provide the best service.

M: Yes, you are right.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. What does the woman say about British railways?

23. What do some people who write to the man complain about?

24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways?

25. What does the man say about railways in other countries?

Section B

Passage One

Among global warming’s most frightening threats is the prediction that the polar ice-caps will melt, raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded. Scientists agree that the key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet, a Brazil-size mass of frozen water that is much as 7000 feet thick. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock well below the sea surface. Surrounded by open ocean, it is also vulnerable, but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is. Now, new evidence reveals that all or most of the west

Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years, a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today. And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable. In geological time, a million years is recent history. The proof, which was published last week in Science, comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and the California Institute of Technology who drill deep holes near the edge of the ice sheet. Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice. They found fossils of microscopic marine plants which suggest that the region was once an open ocean, not solid ice. As Herman Engelhard, a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says, ‘the West Antarctic ice sheet disappeared once and can disappear again.’

26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?

27. What did scientists disagree on?

28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?

29. What does the scientists’ latest finding suggest?

Passage Two

It's always fun to write about research that you can actually try out for yourself.

Try this: Take a photo and upload it to Facebook, then after a day or so, note what the URL link to the picture is and then delete it. Come back a month later and see if the link works. Chances are: It will.

Facebook isn't alone here. Researchers at Cambridge University have found that nearly half of the social networking sites don't immediately delete pictures when a user requests they be removed. In general, photo-centric websites like Flickr were found to be better at quickly removing deleted photos upon request.

Why do "deleted" photos stick around so long? The problem relates to the way data is stored on large websites: While your personal computer only keeps one copy of a file, large-scale services like Facebook rely on what are called content delivery networks to manage data and distribution. It's a complex system wherein data is copied to multiple intermediate devices, usually to speed up access to files when millions of people are trying to access the service at the same time. But because changes aren't reflected across the content delivery networks immediately, ghost copies of files tend to linger for days or weeks.

In the case of Facebook, the company says data may hang around until the URL in question is reused, which is usually "after a short period of time", though obviously that time can vary considerably.

30. What does the speaker ask us to try out?

31. What accounts for the failure of some websites to remove photos immediately?

32. When will the unwanted data eventually disappear from Facebook according to the company?

Passage Three

Enjoying an iced coffee? Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards, with a cancer charity warning that some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner.

The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) conducted a survey of iced coffees sold by some popular chains in Britain including Starbucks, Café Nero and Costa Coffee to gauge the calories as studies increasingly link obesity with cancer.

The worst offender - a coffee from Starbucks -- had 561 calories. Other iced coffees contained more than 450 calories and the majority had an excess of 200.

Health experts advise that the average woman should consume about 2,000 calories a day and a man about 2,500 calories to maintain a healthy weight. Dieters aim for 1,000 to 1,500 calories a day.

"The fact that there is an iced coffee on the market with over a quarter of a woman's daily calories allowance is alarming," Dr Rachel Thompson, science program manager at London-based WCRF, said in a widely-reported statement.

"This is the amount of calories you might expect to have in an evening meal, not in a drink."

The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented if people lost their excess weight with growing evidence that excess body fat increases the risk of various cancers.

"If you are having these types of coffee regularly then they will increase the chances of you becoming overweight, which in turn increases your risk of developing cancer, as well as other diseases such as heart disease." she added.

33. What warning did some health experts give?

34. What does the author suggest people do after they have an iced coffee?

35. What could British people expect if they maintain a normal body weight according to the WCRF?

Section C

Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in rounds as diverse as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs, and coping with tragic illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope, is turning out to be a stronger sign that a

person may commit suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks. ‘Hope has proven a powerful predictor of outcome in every study we've done so far,’ said Doctor Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist, who has devised a scale to assess how much hope a person has. For example, in research with 3920 college students, Doctor Snyder and his colleagues found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more accurate predictor of their college grades, than were their SAT scores or their grade point averages in high school, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance. ‘Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,’ Doctor Snyder said. ‘When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.’ In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Doctor Snyder went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right. ‘That notion is not concrete enough and it blurs two key components of hope,’ Doctor Snyder said, ‘Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.’

2021年06月英语六级听力原文完好版

Section A

Short Conversation

11. M: Oh, I’m so sorry I forgot to bring along the book you borrowed from the library.

W: What a terrible memory you have! Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?

Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

12. W: Doctor, I haven’t been able to get enough sleep lately, and I’m too tired to concentrate in class.

M: Well, you know, spending too much time indoors with all that artificial lighting can do that to you. Your body loses track of whether it’s day or night.

Q: What does the man imply?

13. M: I think I’ll get one of those new T-shirts, you know, with the school’s logo on both the front and the back.

W: You’ll regret it. They are expensive, and I’ve he ard the printing fades easily when you wash them.

Q: What does the woman mean?

14. W: I think your article in the school newspaper is right on target, and your viewpoints have certainly convinced me.

M: Thanks, but in view of the general responses, you and I are definitely in the minority.

Q: What does the man mean?

15. M: Daisy was furious yesterday because I lost her notebook. Should I go see her and apologize to her again?

W: Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach he r.

Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

16. M: Would you please tell me where I can get batteries for this brand of camera?

W: Let me have a look. Oh, yes, go down this aisle, pass the garden tools, you’ll find them on the shelf next to the light bulbs.

Q: What is the man looking for?

17. M: Our basketball team is playing in the finals but I don’t have a ticket. I guess I’ll just watch it on TV. Do you want to come over?

W: Actually I have a ticket. But I’m not feeling well. You can have it for what it cost me.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

18. M: Honey, I’ll be going straight to the theatre from work this evening. Could you bring my suit and tie along?

W: Sure, it’s the first performance of the State Symphony Orchestra in our cit y, so suit and tie is a must.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

Long Conversations

Conversation 1

M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechnic, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy.

W: So you are not sure which to go for?

M: That’s it. Of course, the conditions of work are very different: The Polytechnic is offering

two-year contract which could be renewed, but the Language School is only offering a year’s contract, and that’s a definite minu s. It could be renewed, but you never know.

W: I see. So it’s much less secure. But you don’t need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.

M: That’s true.

W: What about the salaries?

M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. I’ll be getting the equivalent of about 22,000 pounds a year there, but only 20,000 pounds at the Polytechnic. But then the hours are different. At the Polytechnic I’d have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administration, whereas the Pistoia school is only asking for 30 hours teaching.

W: Mmm…

M: Then the type of teaching is so different. The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams like the Cambridge certificates. The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories, and a couple of children’s classes. Oh, and a bit of literature teaching.

W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting. And I’d imagine you’d be doing quite a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit.

M: Yes, whereas with the Polytechnic position, I’d be stuck in the school all day.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard:

Q19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

Q20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic?

Q21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language School?

Conversation 2

Good evening and welcome to tonight's edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evening is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.

W: Good evening, Edward.

M: Hello Tina.

W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean's early life.

M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was five. He wasn't there long though because his mother passed away just four years later. Jimmy's father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.

W: So how did he get into acting?

M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting. In 1951 he moved to New York to do more stage acting.

W: Then when did his movie career really start?

M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous. Dean became a huge success. But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, that was about teenagers who felt like they didn't fit into society.

W: So how many more movies did he make?

M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.

W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what made him the legend he still is today?

M: Well I guess his looks, his acting ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played in his movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard:

Q22 What is the woman doing?

Q23 Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was young?

Q24 What does the man say James Dean did at college in California?

Q25 What do we learn about James Dean from the conversation?

Section B

Passage 1

The time is 9 o’clock and this is Marian Snow with the news.

The German authorities are sending investigators to discover the cause of the plane crash late yesterday on the island of Tenerife. The plane, a Boeing 737, taking German holiday makers to the island crashed into a hillside as it circled while preparing to land. The plane was carrying 180 passengers. It’s thought there are no survivors. Rescue workers are at the scene.

The British industrialist James Louis, held by kidnappers in Central Africa for the past 8 months, was released unharmed yesterday. The kidnappers had been demanding 1 million pounds for the release of Mr. Louis. The London Bank and their agents who had been negotiating with the kidnappers have not said whether any amount of money has been paid.

The 500 UK motors workers who had been on strike in High Town for the past 3 three weeks went back to work this morning. This follows successful talks between management and union representatives, which resulted in a new agreement on working hour and conditions. A spokesman for the management said that they’d hope they could now get back to producing cars, and that they lost a lot of money and orders over this dispute.

And finally the weather. After a cold start, most of the country should be warm and sunny. But towards late afternoon, rain will spread from Scotland to cover most parts by midnight.

Questions 26 – 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Q26 What does the news say about the Boeing 737 plane?

Q27 What happened to British industrialist James Louis?

Q28 How did the 3-week strike in High Town end?

Q29 What kind of weather will be expected by midnight in most parts of the country?

Passage 2

Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology. Juan realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language.

As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, “How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?〞Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811. If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That, he figured, should get his classmates’ attention.

Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of earthquakes and carefully avoided technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, diagramming fold lines, so his classmates wouldn’t get confused. To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. “Stop me,〞he said, “any time I say something you don’t understand.〞Juan’s roommate stopped him four times. And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting and perfectly understandable to his audience.

Questions 30 – 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Q30 What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience?

Q31 How did Juan Louis start his speech?

Q32 What did Juan ask his roommate to do when he was making his trial speech?

Passage 3

Esperanto is an artificial language, designed to serve internationally as an auxiliary means of communication among speakers of different languages. It was created by Ludwig Lazar Zamenhof, a Polish Jewish doctor specialized in eye diseases. Esperanto was first presented in 1887. An international movement was launched to promote its use. Despite arguments and disagreements, the movement has continued to flourish and has members in more than 80 countries.

Esperanto is used internationally across language boundaries by at least 1 million people, particularly in specialized fields. It is used in personal contexts, on radio broadcasts and in a number of publications as well as in translations of both modern works and classics. Its popularity has spread form Europe, both east and west, to such countries as Brazil and Japan. It is, however, in China that Esperanto has had its greatest impact. It is taught in universities and used in many translations, often in scientific or technological works. EL POPOLA CHINIO, which means “From People’s China〞, is a monthly magazine in Esperanto and is read worldwide. Radio Beijing’s Esperanto program is the most popular program in Esperanto in the world.

Esperanto’s vocabulary is drawn primarily from Latin, the Romance language s, English and German. Spelling is completely regular. A simple and consistent set of endings indicates grammatical functions of words. Thus for example, every noun ends in “o〞, every adjective in “a〞, and the basic form of every verb in “i〞. Esperanto also has a highly productive system of constructing new words from old ones.

Questions 33 – 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Q33 What does the speaker tell us about Esperanto?

Q34 What is said about the international movement to promote the use of Esperanto?

Q35 What does the speaker say about Esperanto in China?

Section C

George Herbert Mead said that humans are "talked into" humanity. He meant that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our lives, our parents tell us who we are. "You're intelligent." "You're so strong." We first see ourselves through the eyes of others. So their messages form important foundations of our self-concepts. Later, we interact with teachers, friends, romantic partners and co-workers who communicate their views of us. Thus, how we see ourselves reflects the views of us that others communicate.

The profound connection between identity and communication is dramatically evident in children who are deprived of human contact. Case studies of children who are isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language.

Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity, but also directly influences our physical and emotional well-being. Consistently, research shows that communicating with others promotes health, whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease, and early death. People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. A group of researchers reveal scores of studies that trace the relationship between health and interaction with others. The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically as dangerous as high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Many doctors and researchers believe that loneliness harms the immune system, making us more vulnerable to a range of miner and major illnesses.

2021年12月英语六级真题听力原文〔完好版〕

Section A 对话部分

11.

W: Did you use credit cards on your vacation last month in Europe?

M: Sure I did. They certainly beat going around with a wallet full of bills. But carrying lots of cash is still very common among some older people traveling abroad.

Q: What does the man say about some elderly people?

12.

W: Rod must be in a bad mood today. What’s wrong with him?

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