美国文学史期末复习资料
I.Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items.
(10 x 1’= 10’)
1.In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment.
2.The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work
3.
4.
5.
6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____
7.
8.
9.
1-5，BBACD 6-10 BADCD
II.Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items.
(10 x 1’= 10’)
12._____ is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main
15.From Thoreau’s jail experience, came his famous essay, _____ which states
his belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a
government.
A. Walden
B. Nature
C. Civil Disobedience
D. Common Sense
20.For Melville, as well as for the reader and ____, the narrator, Moby Dick is
1-5 D A B C C 6-10 A C C D C
II. Identify Works as Described Below (1’×15 =15’):
1.The novel has a sole black protagonist who tells his own story but whose
name in unknown to us.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on
the Mountains
2.The main conflict of the play is the protagonist’s false value of fine
appearance and popularity with people and the cruel reality of the society in
which money is everything.
a.A Street Car Named Desire
b. The Hairy Ape
c.Long Day’s Journey
into Night
d. Death of Salesman
3.It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on the
playwright himself.
a. Long Day’s Journey into Night
b. Henderson the Rain King
c. The Hairy Ape
d. The Glass Menageries
4.The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident and how
the society is responsible for the murder.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on
the Mountains
5._________ is one of the best works in American literature about the Second
World War.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Catcher in the Rye
c.The Red Badge of
Courage
d. The Naked and the Dead
6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Sun Also Rises
c.The Old Man and the Sea
d. The Naked and the Dead
7.The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma and
travel to California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.
a.T he Grapes of Wrath
b. U.S. A.
c.Babbitt
d. The Adventures of Augie March
8.It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel, 1919, and The Big Money, with
such techniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.
a.B abbitt
b. Light in August
c. U.S.A.
d. The Grapes of Wrath
9.It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and whose
title is taken from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
a. Absolom, Absolom!
b. The Sound and the Fury
c.A Farewell to Arms
d. The Great Gatsby
10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and how she
becomes a famous actress and how her lover falls into a beggar and finally commits suicide.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c. McTeague
d.Maggie, A Girl of the Streets
11. The novel is set on the Mississippi with the protagonist telling us the story in
the local dialect. It is a representative work of local colorism.
a.Sister Carrie
b.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
c. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
d.The Portrait of a Lady
12.The novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming)’s reactions in
the Civil War.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c.The Red Badge of Courage
d. McTeague
13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of the
universality and equality in value of all people and all things.
a.Cantos
b. The Raven
c. Song of Myself
d.Chicago
14. The novel is about how a group of people on a whaling ship kill a great
whale but themselves are killed by the whale, with the conflict between man and his fate.
a.The Octopus
b. Moby-Dick
c. The Rise of Silas Lapham
d. Leaves of Grass
15. It is a philosophical essay in 8 chapters plus an introduction mainly
concerned with the four uses of nature.
a. Walden
b. Nature
c. The Scarlet Letter
d. The American Scholar
1-5.cdaad 6-10.aacbb https://www.wendangku.net/doc/302810405.html,cbb
I.Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following (1’×15=15’):
1.An English ship brought 102 people from Plymouth, England on September 16, 1620 and arrived in the present Provincetown harbor on November 21 in the same year. This ship was named ____________.
a. The Pilgrims
b. Mayflower
c. America
d. Titanic
2._________ is father of American drama and in his dramatic career he wrote 49 plays.
a. Tennessee Williams
b. Eugene O’Neill
c. Arthur Miller
d. Elmer Rice
3._________ was the first American writer to write entirely American literature.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Washington Irving
c. Mark Twain
d. Ernest Hemingway
4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. Washington Irving
c. Ralph Waldo Emerson
d. Henry David Thoreau
5._______was the greatest woman poet in American literature and she wrote
about 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.
a. Pearl S. Buck
b.Harriet Bicher Stowe
c. Emily Dickenson
d. Walter Whitman
6._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.
a. Washington Irving
b. Ralph Waldo Emerson
c. Walt Whitman
d. Edgar Allan Poe
7.William Dean Howells is concerned with the middle class life; ______ writes about the upper class society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.
a. Stephen Crane
b. Frank Norris
c. Theodore Dreiser
d. Henry James
8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?
a. William Dean Howells
b. Mark Twain
c. Ernest Hemingway
d.Theodore Dreiser
9. His writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language and deep thoughts. He is______.
a. Ernest Hemingway
b. William Faulkner
c. F. Scott Fitzgerald
d. Mark Twain
10. He wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha County in the
deep south. He is ______.
a. William Faulkner
b. John Steinbeck
c. Ernest Hemingway
d. Mark Twain
11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American Jews
are major characters.
a. Sinclair Lewis
b. Saul Bellow
c. Norman Mailer
d. Jerome David Salinger
12._________ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Robert Frost
c. H.D.
d. Emily Dickinson
13.________ is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936.
a. John Steinbeck
b. William Faulkner
c. Eugene O’Neill
d. Arthur Miller
14. He was the first black American to write a book about black life with great
impact on the consciousness of the nation and his masterpiece is one of the three classics about black Americans. Who is he?
a.Richard Wright
b. Harriet Beecher Stowe
c. Langston Hughes
d.
Ralph Ellison
15. Hemingway wrote about American compatriots in Europe whereas ________
wrote about the Jazz age, life in American society.
a.William Carlos Williams
b. William Faulkner
c. John Steinbeck
d. F.
Scott Fitzgerald
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I.Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following (1×15 %):
2.The American Civil War broke out in 1861 between the Northern states and the South states, which are known respectively as the ______and the______.
a. N, S
b. Revolutionaries, Reactionaries
c. Union, Confederacy
d. Slavery, Anti-Slavery
2._____________was praised by the British as the “Tenth Muse in America”.
a.Anne Bradstreet
b. Edward Taylor
c. Thomas Paine
d. Philip Freneau
3.Mark Twain was a representative of ________ in American literature.
a. transcendentalism
b. naturalism
c. local colorism
d. imagism
4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. Washington Irving
c. Ralph Waldo Emerson
d. Henry David Thoreau
5.The greatest American poet and the first writer of free verse is ____________.
a. Washington Irving
b.Ezra Pound
c. Walt Whitman
d. Emily Dickinson
6._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.
a. Washington Irving
b. Ralph Waldo Emerson
c. Walt Whitman
d. Edgar Allan Poe
7.Henry James is concerned with the upper class life; ______ writes about the middle class society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.
a. Stephen Crane
b. Frank Norris
c. Theodore Dreiser
d. William Dean Howells
8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?
a. William Dean Howells
b. Mark Twain
c. Ernest Hemingway
d.Theodore Dreiser
9. ________’s writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language and deep thoughts.
a. Ernest Hemingway
b. William Faulkner
c. F. Scott Fitzgerald
d. Mark Twain
10. ______ wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha County
in the deep south. .
a. William Faulkner
b. John Steinbeck
c. Ernest Hemingway
d. Mark Twain
11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American Jews
are major characters.
a. Sinclair Lewis
b. Saul Bellow
c. Norman Mailer
d. Jerome David Salinger
12._________ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Robert Frost
c. H.D.
d. Emily Dickinson
13.________ is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936.
a. John Steinbeck
b. William Faulkner
c. Eugene O’Neill
d. Arthur Miller
14. _______ was the first black American to write a book about black life with
great impact on the consciousness of the nation and his masterpiece is one of the three classics about black Americans.
b.Richard Wright b. Harriet Beecher Stowe
c. Langston Hughes
d. Ralph Ellison
15. ________ first used the “Jazz age” as the title of a collection of short stories
a. F. Scott Fitzgerald
b. William Faulkner
c. John Steinbeck
d. Ernest
Hemingway
1-5.caccc 6-10.dddaa 11-15.bdcba
II. Identify Works as Described Below (1×15 %):
6.The play is about a stoker whose identity as a human being is not recognized
by his fellow human beings and who tries to find affinity with a monkey in the zoo and is finally killed by the animal.
a. The Hairy Ape
b. Henderson the Rain King
c. Long Day’s Journey into Night
d. The Glass Menageries
7.The protagonist in this play is a crippled girl named Amanda.
a.A Street Car Named Desire
b. The Hairy Ape
c.Long Day’s Journey
into Night
d.The Glass Menageries
8.The hero of this novel tells about his own story to us but his name is
unknown.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on
the Mountains
4. It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on the playwright himself.
a. Long Day’s Journey into Night
b. Henderson the Rain King
c. The Hairy Ape
d. The Glass Menageries
5.The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident and
how he is finally arrested and tried and sentenced to death.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on
the Mountains
6._________ is one of the best works in American literature about the Second
World War.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Catcher in the Rye
c.The Red Badge of
Courage
d. The Naked and the Dead
6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Sun Also Rises
c.The Old Man and the Sea
d. The Naked and the Dead
10.The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma and
travel to California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.
b.The Grapes of Wrath b. U.S. A.
c.Babbitt
d. The Adventures of Augie March
11.It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel, 1919, and The Big Money, with
such techniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.
b.Babbitt b. Light in August
c. U.S.A.
d. The Grapes of Wrath
12.It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and whose
title is taken from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
a. Absolom, Absolom!
b. The Sound and the Fury
c.A Farewell to Arms
d. The Great Gatsby
10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and elopes with
Hurstwood and how she becomes a famous actress and how her lover falls into beggary and finally commits suicide.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c. McTeague
d.Maggie, A Girl of the Streets
11. It is a novel with 135 chapters plus an epilog; in it a group of people on a
whaling ship kill a great whale but they themselves are killed by the whale in the end, except Ishmael the narrator who survives by adhering to a coffin.
b.Sister Carrie b.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
c. Moby Dick
d. The Portrait of a Lady
12.The novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming)’s reactions in
the Civil War, in which wound is called the red badge which symbolizes courage.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c.The Red Badge of Courage
d. McTeague
13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of the
universality and equality in value of all people and all things.
a.Cantos
b. The Raven
c. Song of Myself
d.Chicago
14. The novel is about how a man falls economically and socially but who rises
morally because he gives up the opportunity to sell his factory to an English Syndicate, which would otherwise mean a ruin to that syndicate.
a.The Octopus
b. The Rise of Silas Lapham
c. Moby-Dick
d. Leaves of Grass
15. It is a speech delivered at Harvard University. It is often hailed as the
“declaration of intellectual independence” in America.
a. The American Scholar
b. Nature
c. The Scarlet Letter
d. Walden
1-5.adcad 6-10.aacbb https://www.wendangku.net/doc/302810405.html,cba
II. Match the following (1×20%)
A. Match Works with Their Authors
1.Hugh Selwyn Mauberly
2.Walden
3. Autobiography
4. The Scarlet Letter
5.Leaves of Grass
6.The Raven
7. The Rise of Silas Lapham
8. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
9. Long Day’s Journey into Night
10. The Old Man and the Sea
a.Mark Twain b . Ernest Hemingway
c. Eugene O’Neill
d. William Dean Howells
e. Edgar Allan Poe
f. Walt Whitman
g. Nathaniel Hawthorne h. Benjamin Franklin
i.Henry David Thoreau j. Ezra Pound
k.Thomas Jefferson l. T.S. Eliot
B. Match the Characters with the works in which they appear.
1.Hester Prynne
2.Mrs. Touchett
3.Frederick Henry
4.Benjy Compson
5.the Joads
6.General Edward Cummings
7.Holden Caulfield 7.Bigger Thomas
8.Yank 9.Happy
a.The Portrait of a Lady
b. The Scarlet Letter
c. The Hairy Ape
d. A Farewell to Arms
e.The Sound and the Fury
f. The Grapes of Wrath
g. The Naked and the Dead
h. The Catcher in the Rye
i. Native Son
j. Death of a Salesman
k.Invisible Man
l.Catch-22
A. Match Works with Their Authors
1-5.jihgf 6-10.edccb
B. Match the Characters with the works in which they appear. 1-5.badef 6-10.ghicj
III. Match the following (1’×20=20’)
A. Match works with their authors
1.Nature
2.Rip Van Winkle
3. Nature
4. The Scarlet Letter
5.Leaves of Grass
6.The Raven
7. The Rise of Silas Lapham
8. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
9. Cantos
10. The Old Man and the Sea
a.Ezra Pound
b. Ernest Hemingway
c. Mark Twain
d. William Dean Howells
e. Edgar Allan Poe
f. Walt Whitman
g. Nathaniel Hawthorne h. Ralph Waldo Emerson
i.Washington Irving j. Waldo Emerson
k.T.S. Eliot l. Robert Frost
B. Match characters with the works in which they appear.
2.Captain Ahab and Starbuck 2.Isabel Archer
3.Frederic Henry and Catherine
4.Benjy Compson
5.the Joads
6.General Edward Cummings
7.Holden Caulfield 8.Bigger Thomas
9.The Tyrones 10.Willy Loman
a.The Portrait of a Lady
b. Moby-Dick
c. Death of a Salesman
d. A Farewell to Arms
e.The Sound and the Fury
f. The Grapes of Wrath
g. The Naked and the Dead h. The Catcher in the Rye
i. Native Son j. Long Day’s Journey into Night
k.Absalom, Absalom l. The Old Man and the Sea
A. Match Works with Their Authors
1-5.jihgf 6-10.edcab
B. Match the Characters with the works in which they appear.
1-5.badef 6-10.edcab
V. Essay Questions (30%; c hoose only ONE of the following three topics and write a short essay of at least 200 words. Note: [1]Your essay should have at least 2 paragraphs; you are not simply to make a list of facts.[2] You may give a title to your essay, but you are required to indicate which of the 3 topics it belongs to. [3]You are not to write on a topic of your own.
1.To the best of your knowledge, analyze and make comments on Emerson’s
Nature
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/302810405.html,ment on any American poet you like.
3.Analyze and/or comment on any one of the American novels or plays you
have read.
V. Essay Questions (30%; c hoose only ONE of the following three topics and write a short essay of at least 200 words. Note: [1]Your essay should have at least 2 paragraphs; you are not simply to make a list of facts.[2] You may give a title to your essay, but you are required to indicate which of the 3 topics it belongs to. [3]You are not to write on a topic of your own.)
4.Make comments on an American novel we have discussed in this course.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/302810405.html,ment on an American poet.
6.Describe how your knowledge of American literature is improved after
taking this course..
IV. Please answer the following questions briefly. (2 x 10’ = 20’)
1.Why do people think Franklin is the embodiment of American dream?
2.What is “Lost Generation”?
V. Discussion. (1 x 20’ = 20’)
State your own interpretations of Hemingway’s iceberg theory of writing? IV. Please answer the following questions briefly. (2 x 10’ = 20’)
3.Wha t is Hawthorne’s style? Explain the style with examples.
4.At the end of the 19th century, there were three fighters for Realism. Who
are they? What are their differences?
________
True or False. (10 x 2’= 20’)
1. American literature is the oldest of all national literature.
2. Thomas Jefferson was the only American to sign the 4 documents that created the US.
3. All his literary life, Hawthorne seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil.
4. Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about human psychology.
5. Hurstwood is a character in Dreiser’s An American Tragedy.
6. Faulkner’s region was the Deep North, with its bitter history of slavery, civil war and destruction.
7. Placed in historical perspective, Howells is found lacking in qualities and depth. But anyhow he is a literary figure worthy of notice.
8. Faulkner’s works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha Saga, “one connected story”.
9. As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.
10. Emily Dickinson expr esses her deep love in the poem “Annabel Lee”.
1-5 F F T F F 6-10 F F T F F
II. Decide whether the statements are True or False. (10 x 2’= 20’)
1. Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.
2. American Romantic writers avoided writing about nature, medieval legends and with supernatural elements.
3. As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.
4. “Young Goodman Brown” wants to prove everyone possesses kindness in heart.
5. Henry James was a realist in the same way as one views the realism of Twain or Howells.
6. The American realists sought to describe the wide range of American experience and to present the subtleties of human personality.
7. Frost’s concern with nature reflected his deep moral uncertainties.
8. Faulkner’s works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha Saga, “one connected story”.
9. Roger Chillingworth is a character in Dreiser’s An American Tragedy.
10. After the Civil War, the Frontier was closing. Disillusionment and frustration were widely felt. What had been expected to be a “Golden Age” turned to be a “Gilded” one.
1-5 T F T F T 6-10 F T T F T
III. Please explain the following terms. (5 x 6’ = 30’)
1. Puritanism
2. Free verse
3. International novel: 4．Romanticism 5. Naturalism 6. American Realism 7.American Naturalism Modernism Imagism
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.
2.Free verse: It is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that
attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure; instead, it uses the
cadences of natural speech.
3.International novel: IN brings together persons of various nationalities who
represent certain characteristics of their own countries.
4.Naturalism: It views human beings as animals in the natural world
responding to environmental forces and internal stresses and drives, over
none of which they have control and none of which they fully understand.
The literary naturalists have a major difference from the realists. They look
at a different spot to find real life.
III. Please explain the following terms. (5 x 6’ = 30’)
1. Puritanism
2. international novel
3. the lost
generation
Hemingway heroes
4. free verse
5.American
transcendentalism
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.
2.international novel: IN brings together persons of various nationalities who
represent certain characteristics of their own countries.
3.the lost generation: reveals the huge destruction of the wars to the young
generation. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of
“expatriates”. They were lost in disillusionment.
4.free verse: It is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that
attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure; instead, it uses the
cadences of natural speech.
5.transcendentalism: It stressed the power of intuition, believing that people
could learn things both from the outside world by means of the five senses
and from the inner world by intuition. It took nature as symbolic of spirit or God. All things in nature were sym bols of the spiritual, of God’s presence. It emphasized the significance of the individual and believed that the individual was the most important element in society and that the ideal kind of individual was self-reliant and unselfish. Transcendentalists envisioned religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “Oversoul”.
美国文学史及选读试卷 (1)
美国文学史及选读试卷 Ⅰ.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (60points in all, 2 for each) 1. Which of following can be said of the common features which are shared by the English and American Romanticists ? A. An increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions. B. An increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. An increasing emphasis on the desire to return to nature. D. both A and B. 2. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOT true? （） A. In most of the American writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. B. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. There was a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man. D. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and nationality. 3.______ is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the American Romanticism in the history of American literature. A. New England Transcendentalism B. England Transcendentalism C. the Harlem Renaissance D. New Transcendentalism 4.Hawthorn e’s unique gift was for the creation of ______ which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. A. symbolic stories B. romantic stories
美国文学史及选读自考考点
The literature of colonial America John Smith 1）The1st American writer 2）作品“reports of exploration”have been de scribed as the1st distinctly American literatur e written in English,attracted Pilgrims(朝圣者) &the Puritans. 3）1608，写了封信“A true Relation of Such O ccurance&Accidents of Note as Hath Happen ed in Virginia Since the1st planting of That c olony” 4）1612，第二本书“A map of Virginia:with a Description of the Country” 5）他一共出版了八本书，公司破产以后做了向导，he sought a post as guide to the pilgrims. 1624，“General History of Virginia”讲述How the Indian princess Pocahonats Saved him. 6）他早期记录和反映的思想慢慢演变成了美国历史的基本思想，这种思想推动了美国边疆的西移。7）早期英格兰文学主要关于theological(神学), moral(道德),historical and political.
The Puritans in New England embraced hards hips,together with the discipline of a harsh church.They had toughness,purpose and cha racter,they grappled strongly with challenges they set themselves.他们的基本价值观：hard w ork,thrift,piety and sobriety.（也是美国作品的主导思想） William Bradford&John Withrop 1）William Bradford：“The History of Plymouth Plantation”（从1630年写起，关于一群清教徒从英国出发到Amsterdam最后到新大陆的过程）Cotton Mather评价：“a common blessing and father to them all.” 2）John Withrop：“The History of New England”（1630，登上Arbella号去Massachusetts并keep a journal and to the rest of his life.1826年出版）3）Puritans -Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices.The Puritan was Would-be purifier. -Looked upon themselves as a choosen peol
美国文学史总结
ⅠColonial America(17th century)殖民主义时期文学 1.In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America and he mistook the native people on the new continent for Indians. Character of colonial literature: a.content: religious, political b.form: diary, journal, letters, travel books, sermons, history (personal literature) c.Style: simple. direct, concise d.out of humble origins Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history. The earliest settlers in America included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians and Portuguese. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿) 2.Captain Town Smith, the first American writer 3.Puritan Thoughts: hard work, thrift(节俭), piety(虔诚), sobriety(节制), 这些也成了早期 美国作品主导思想. 典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William, John Cotton was called “the Patriarch of New England(新英格兰教父)” 清教徒采用的文学体裁：narratives(日记) and journals(游记) 清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）Their voyage to the new land 2）Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3）About dealing with Indians 4）Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 4.Private literature: theological, moral, historical, political 5.The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. Anne Bradstreet is one of the most interesting of the early poets, 英国最早移民到美国的诗人. The best of the Puritan poets was Edward Taylor. ⅡReason and Revolution(18th century)理性和革命时期文学 1.The War for Independence (1776-1783) ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 2.Bourgeois Enlightenment 3.Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard’s Almanac(穷人理查德的年鉴), an annual collection of proverbs. The Autobiography, 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 ?The Autobiography is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritan because it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The Puritans, as a type, were very much given to self-analysis. ?The Autobiography shows Franklin was spokesman for the new order of 18th-century Enlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free, by nature endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”. 5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.In Washington I rving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his William Cullen Bryant’s wok. is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”. 10.Emerson believed above all in
美国文学史-知识点梳理
Part I The Literature of Colonial America I．Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V．Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of
华师自考美国文学史及选读试题
美国文学史及选读试题 I. Multiple Choice 10’ 1. Who is different from others according to the division of writing period? A. Washington Irving B.William Cullen Bryant C. Captain John Smith D. James Fenimore Cooper 2. The American Romantic Period lasted roughly from ____ to ____. A. 1798-1832 B. 1810-1860 C. 1860-1864 D. 1776-1783 3. How many syllables are there in this first line of Raven? (“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,”) A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 16 4. What dominated the Puritan phase of American writing? A. theology B. literature C. esthetics D. revolution 5. At the initial period of the spread of ideas of the Enlightenment was largely due to ____. A. typography B. journalism C. revolution D. the development of paper-making industry 6. Who has been called the “Father of American Literature”? A. Walt Scott B. Geoffrey Chaucer
美国文学选读期末考试重点
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
美国文学史期末总结
美国文学史美国文学
全书的焦点集中于南太平洋一条名叫莫比·迪克的白鲸,以及捕鲸船皮廓德(Pequod)号的船长阿哈(Ahab)如何对它有不共戴天的仇恨.阿哈在一次航行中被莫比·迪克咬掉一条腿,立志报仇,指挥皮廓德号环航全球追踪,终于发现了它.经过三天放下小艇紧追.虽然刺中了这条白鲸,但它十分顽强狡猾,咬碎了小艇,也撞沉了大船.它拖着捕鲸船游开时,绳子套住阿哈,把他绞死了.全船人尽皆灭顶.只有一个水手借着由棺材改制的救生浮子而逃得性命.整个故事以这个水手伊希梅尔(Ishmael)自述的方式展开. The book focuses on a whale named Moby Dick lived in south pacific and the captain of whaler Pequod—Ahab. Ahab was once bite by Moby Dick and lost a leg, determined to revenge,he commanded whaler pequod do global tracking, and finally found it. After three days of hot pursuit with the skiff,while they stabbed this white whale, but it was very tenacious and cunning, eventually chewed the skiff, also sank the ship. It dragged whaler swimming away, the rope was around Ahab, he was hanged. Almost all of people on the boat drowned, only a sailor called Ishmael survived .
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.C aptain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.T he puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.T homas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”.
5.T homas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.I n Washington Irving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.
8.C ooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels that comprise the is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant’s wok. “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”.
美国文学史及选读考试整理
Washington Irving Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄 (1822) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Tales of a Traveller 旅客谈 (1824) Christopher Columbus (1828) c. writing characteristics (1) humorous: the function of his writing is to amuse, to entertain instead of teaching or instruction (2) vivid and true character portrayal (3) finished (refined) and musical language, thus regarded as “the Amn. Goldsmith ” d. analysis on The Legend of Sleepy Hollow(选自the sketch book 见闻札记 ) 1. the story:setting,character, plot 2. theme:conflicts and praise conflict betw. Ichabod and Brom conflict betw. the village and the outside world James Fenimore Cooper The Spy (1821): a historical novel The Pilot (1824): a sea novel Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集(1823-1841): frontier novels The Last Mohicans (1826) (Colonial War betw. Britain and France) e. writing features: strong points: we can see a variety of incidents and tensions, complicated plot and structure and a beautiful description of nature. Weak points: characterization is weak. There is unsatisfactory description of characters (esp. female). He is not free from syntactical awkwardness, heavy-handed attempt at humor. “Where Irving excels Cooper is weak.” Dialect is not authentic. Edgar Allan Poe The Fall of the House Usher Feature: i. brevity (15 pages) ii. Single effect iii. originality in theme To Helen It was inspired by the beauty of the mother of a schoolmate of Poe in Richmond, Virginia. The poem is famous for a number of things: 1. its rhyme scheme: ababb 2. its varied line lengths 3. its metaphor of a travel on the sea 4. its oft-quoted lines: "To the glory that was Greece,/And the grandeur that was Rome." theme: praise the ideal love and beauty and ancient Greek and Roman civilizations The Raven 乌鸦 theme: the lament over the death of a beautiful woman tone: melancholy Transcendentalism (essayists, poets, novelists) Their journal is “The Dial ” . Definition: Transcendentalism is idealism. (Emerson) b. features (1) stress on Oversoul, that is spirit. (2) stress the importance of individual. (3) fresh conception of nature. c. significance (1) inspired a whole generation of writers such as Whitman, Melville and Dickinson. (2) dresses man ’s subjective initiative as opposed to materialism. (3) liberated people from Calvin ’s original sin d. limitation (1) shallow: cut off from real life or reality; initiated by the rich, they were limited in a certain circle. So, in some degree, they have been cut off from social life and can ’t understand the sufferings of the common people. (2) inward contradiction: gain knowledge by intuition, shows its idealistic aspect. R.W. Emerson (Ralph Waldo) Nature (1836): the Bible of New England transcendentalism The American Scholar (1837): "America's Declaration of Intellectual The Divinity School Address 神学院致辞 (1838) Essays (1841/1847) Representative Men (1850) English Traits (1856)
美国文学史作品作家汇总 全
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日
美国文学史及选读试卷 (4)
美国文学史及选读试卷 Ⅰ. Multiple choices. (60 points in total, 2 for each) 1. The Romantic Period in American literature started from the publication of Washington Irving's ______ and ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass. A. The Sketch Book B. Tales of a Traveller C. A History of New York D. The Scarlet Letter 2. At the middle of 19th century, America witnessed a cultural flowering which is called “_____”. A. the English Renaissance B. the Second Renaissance C. the American Renaissance D. the Salem Renaissance 3. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning ______. A. nature , man and the universe B. the relationship between man and woman C. the development of Romanticism in American literature D. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism 14. In the following statements, _________ is NOT true about Washington Irving’s famous story “Rip Van Winkle.” A. The story is not only well-kno wn for Rip’s 20-year sleep but also considered a model of perfect English in American literature. B. The story is set against the background of the inevitably changing America. C. The social conservatism and literary preference for the past is revealed, to some extent, in the story. D. Irving describes Rip’s response and reaction in a dramatic way, so that we see clearly both the narrator and Irving agree on the preferability of the present to the past. 15. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay Experience is a serous discussion about the conflict between _________ and ordinary life.