餐饮软件的发展 外文翻译

随着信息化技术的日益普及，餐饮这样的传统行业也越来越多的采用信息技术来管理自己的业务。由于目前市场上餐饮管理软件还处于百花齐放、百家争鸣的阶段，餐饮行业多数老板对IT技术了解相对不多，面对眼花缭乱的产品、面对信誓旦旦的服务承诺，如何选择一套不论从产品品质、技术服务、到价格价值等各个方面都真正适合自己的餐饮管理系统，的确是一个不小的挑战。

目前餐饮老板在选择餐饮软件时，一般通过以下三种方式，一是通过行业中的熟人、朋友、伙伴的介绍，二是通过在主动上门推销的软件供应商中比较选择，三是通过各类媒体如互联网、各类专业媒体上的介绍和广告来进行选择。餐饮软件和餐饮管理系统的复杂性、餐饮业态的多样性、以及餐饮公司老板的期望和员工素质的特殊性等原因，使得餐饮老板不是很容易找到一套适合自己的餐饮管理系统，不是很容易找到一个令人满意的餐饮信息化领域的合作伙伴。

首先，在理念的层面上，我们强调不应以产品为中心，而要以客户的需求为中心。目前市场上的大多数餐饮软件供应商，还是不自觉的以自己开发的产品为中心，向餐饮公司推销自己的产品，而不管自己的产品是否合适该餐饮公司。我们认为，餐饮业态有中餐正餐、西式正餐、中式快餐、西式快餐、休闲茶座、咖啡酒吧、外送外卖、集团连锁，不同的餐饮业态，餐饮业务流程有很大的区别，自然餐饮管理软件所需要的功能就大大的不同；还有，餐饮公司如果处于不同的发展阶段，尽管餐饮业态相同，对餐饮管理软件的要求也会表现出很大的差异性，比如，有些餐厅还处于发展的初级阶段，对餐饮管理软件的要求只是停留在自动处理业务流，比如电脑收银、自动打印送厨房等；有些公司已经要求进行后厨仓库和成本的控制，因此对后台仓库和成本管理提出相应的要求；还有一些公司发展到需要对经营数据、客户消费数据进行分析，以此来调整、构建餐厅的经营方向和经营政策。因此，餐饮公司选择合适自己的软件系统，首先需要对该产品是否适合自己的需要作出一个基本判断，而不是仅仅依靠软件提供商自我推销，所以，往往就需要有专业餐饮信息化咨询公司或餐饮信息化专家提供科学、客观、公正的咨询指导。

其次，看产品品质（功能和技术层面）

餐饮软件是为餐饮业务服务的工具，考察产品品质时需要注意三点，其一是，产品没有最好，只有最合适；其二是必须结合餐饮公司的自身特点，抓住主要矛盾，不要期望餐饮软件可以解决管理中的所有问题；其三是安全、可靠、稳定的重要性大于产品功能的丰富性，因为根据我们的实际统计结果看，对于一个在市场上已经比较成熟的软件而言，大多数餐饮公司只是利用了餐饮软件30%－40%的功能，而产品本身的数据安全和系统的稳定决定了用户对系统好差的评价的最重要因素。

从技术层面上看，并不一定最先进的技术就会带来最好用的产品，但采用的什么技术在某种程度上可以说明这是什么时代的产品、设计思想是为什么类型的客户服务的等。比如，操作系统上，餐饮软件有基于DOS、WINDOWS、LINUX等，其中，基于DOS的属于比较老的系统了，目前市场上大多数餐饮软件是基于WINDOWS操作系统的，也有部分餐饮软件考虑到版权的问题，采用LINUX操作系统；又比如，系统数据库，有ACCESS、SYBASE、MYSQL、SQLSERVER等，对于餐饮系统来说，采用什么数据库与餐厅的规模比较相关，较小的餐厅可以采用比较简单的数据库如ACCESS，这样使用维护都可以做的比较简单，而规模大的餐厅就应该用SQLSERVER这样的数据库，可以保障数据比较安全、系统比较稳定，但同时也要求有专门的系统管理员来维护。还有，数据的录入通常有三种方式，一是基于普通电脑，二是基于触摸屏，三是采用无线点菜系统，而无线技术又有基于红外技术和基于无线网络的技术。从目前的发展趋势看，餐饮系统越来越多的采用触摸屏，而无线技术正在逐步成熟起来。

技术层面需要考虑的另一个重要问题是，软件是基于开放的平台还是自成体系的封闭平台。开放是指软件的兼容性做的好，可以支持各类通用硬件设备，这样，对用户而言可以自由选择适合自己的设备，比如打印机、无线PDA、各类读写卡器等，万一硬件设备出现故障，用户可以随时在市场上采购到；而封闭系统是由某一家系统提供商提供的专用设备，与通用的设备不能兼容，因此，一旦用户使用了这样的系统，设备维护和更新就没有选择的余地，只能通过这家公司来做。目前，市场上由一些餐饮管理系统就是在一些环节上采用专用设备，比如专用打印机、专用无线点菜设备、专用信息读写卡器等，这样，系统商就可以通过这一部分设备提高自己的利润。我们认为，真正有发展前途的软件不是依靠这些小聪敏来取胜的，而是要靠软件自身的不断完善、靠贴心的服务来赢得市场、赢得客户的。

第三，服务意识和服务能力

软件就是服务。如果提供餐饮管理软件的服务商没有很好的服务意识，或者不具备很好的服务能力的话，那么，再好的产品也是无法发挥出应有的功效的。服务包含三个方面：首先是售前的咨询，包括了解用户的真正需求、对产品进行选型推荐；其次是售中的实施和培训服务，这个环节非常重要，网络布线的质量直接影响到系统数据的安全和稳定，培训的质量则直接关系到系统运行的效率，培训应当分岗培训、统一演练、加强个部门各岗位的沟通与互动、逐一考核，只有通过考核才能允许上岗，通常培训的岗位应当包含：点菜员、大堂经理、收银员、厨房专管员、仓库管理员、财务人员、系统管理员以及总经理；最后，是售后服务，售后服务包括陪店、现场支持、电话支持、计算机远程服务等，一套好的软

件还应当辅之一套满足客户需要的完整的售后服务计划，包括建立客户维护服务档案、制定维护服务等级等。

考察一个系统服务商服务意识和服务能力简单易行的方法是看其是否建立了相对完整的服务流程和服务标准。如果一个软件提供商连最起码的服务流程和服务标准都没有建立起来，就很难相信其在今后的服务中能及时满足用户的服务需求。第四，业务专注度VS公司规模

尽管市场上有相当多的餐饮软件系统，但是从行业整体水平看，餐饮公司使用软件的比例还是不高，目前餐饮软件还是属于市场导入阶段，专门从事餐饮管理软件经营的公司的数量并不多、规模还不大，作为专业开发经营餐饮软件的具有全国范围内的知名度和美誉度的公司几乎还没有；还有一些规模稍大的公司，主营产品可能并非餐饮管理软件，只是有一个部门或者一个团队来负责餐饮软件方面的开发与销售，对于这样的公司，虽然规模和实力看似比较大，但由于业务不专注，一旦遇到经营上的困难，很有可能就会放弃这项业务。这是在我们行业中一种比较常见的现象。因此，我们认为，相对于公司的规模，更加重要的是业务的专注程度。因为事物发展的规律就是，只有专注，才会成为专家；只有专注，才能有力量！

第五，有效客户的数量和质量

餐饮公司在选择软件时已经知道需要了解该软件的已有客户，或者叫成功案例。一些软件公司往往投其所好，把成功案例的客户名单列上一长串，没有地址、没有电话、没有联系方式，这样的客户名录哪怕再多，都是没有意义的。我们这里说的有效客户名录，不仅仅指使用该软件的客户，更为重要的是由谁来完成实施和服务的。常常遇到一些市场上有一定知名度的软件，在全球范围内的户用多达上千家，但是具体到某一个市场，可能还没有几家用户，因此，遇到这样的情况，就希望用户擦亮眼镜，因为或许你就是遇到一个新手在为你提供服务呢。在应用软件领域，具体的实施服务能力、经验是非常重要的，这往往会成为一个软件是否能成功实施的关键因素。比如，一套餐饮管理系统在A店能够成功实施，并不一定在B店就能达到同样的效果，因为不同的实施服务能力，会带来截然不同的实施效果；同样的事情还会发生在一些不断从一些相对大一些的公司分裂出来的小公司那里，这种情况更加司空见惯。因为刚刚分裂出来，尽管有了改头换面的产品，但新的产品还没有正式用户，因此一个是采取免费策略，另一个就是采取共享用户的策略，原现公司的客户，也会堂而黄之的被列到公司的用户名录中去。所以，考察有效用户，不仅要看数量，还要看质量；不仅要听介绍，有条件最好还要去现场看。这样才一定能看出个究竟来。

With the increasing popularity of the information technology, food and beverage such traditional industry also more and more use information technology to management of their business. Because the present market catering management software is still in the stage of letting flowers blossom and schools of thought contend, the catering industry most of IT technology boss know relatively little, in the face of dazzling products, face large service promise, how to choose a no matter from the product quality, the technical service, price value to all aspects of food and beverage management for real system, IT is a daunting challenge.

At present the boss in the choice of restaurant food software, the general through the following three ways, one is in the industry through acquaintances, friend, partner of introduction, 2 it is through the initiative on come to promote software suppliers of more choice, three is through various media such as the Internet, all kinds of professional media and advertising to the introduction of the choice. Food and beverage management software system's complexity, catering sorts of diversity, and food company boss expectations and the particularity of the quality of the staff and other reasons, that is not very easy to find food the boss a suitable food management system, is not very easy to find a satisfying catering information fields of cooperation partners.

First, the idea of the level, we emphasize should not be products as the center, but by the needs of the customers as the center.

Currently on the market most food vendors, or not to develop their own consciousness of the product as the center, catering company to sell your product, regardless of their product is suitable the catering company. We think we have Chinese food, food and beverage formats, western dinner, dinner Chinese fast food, western fast food, recreation teahouse, the coffee bar, foreign send take-away, group chain, different catering industry and catering business process has the very big difference, natural food management software needs to function is the big difference; Also, catering company if in different stages of development, although catering formats for food and beverage management software, the same requirements will also show a lot of difference, for example, some restaurants are still at the primary stage, for food and beverage management software requirements only stay in the automatic processing flow, such as computer cashier, automatic printing to send the kitchen; Some companies have asked after the cost control of warehouse and kitchen, so for the background warehouse and cost management put forward the

corresponding requirements; And some company development to need to the business data, customer consumption data, so as to adjust, constructing the restaurant business direction and the management policy. Therefore, catering companies choose appropriate own software system, first need to whether the product for their need to make a basic judgment, not just rely on software provider self-promotion, so, often needs to have professional catering information consulting company or catering informatization experts to provide the scientific, objective and fair counselling.

Second, look at product quality (functions and technology level)

Food and beverage business software is designed for service tool product quality inspection should be paid attention to three, and one is, the products have no had better, only the most appropriate; The second is to combine the characteristics of catering company, seize the main contradiction, don't expect catering software can solve all the problems in the management of; A third is safe, reliable and stable than product function of the importance of the richness, because according to our practical statistical results see, for a on the market has been more mature software speaking, most catering company just use the catering software 30% 40% of the function, and the product itself data security and the stability of the system to users to good poor evaluation system of the most important factors.

From the technical level, must not look the most advanced technology will bring better use the product, but what the technology in a way that this is what age products, design thought is why type of customer service, etc. For example, operating system, catering software based on DOS, WINDOWS, LINUX, etc, which based on the comparison of the old DOS belongs to the system, on the market at present is most catering software based on WINDOWS operating system, some food to consider the problem of software copyright, the LINUX operating system; For example, the system database, have ACCESS, SYBASE, MYSQL, SQLSERVER, for catering system for, adopt what database and the size of the restaurant is related, and smaller restaurants can use simple database ACCESS, such as the use of all can do is simpler, and large restaurant you should use SQLSERVER database of such data comparison, can guarantee the safety, system is stable, but at the same time also requires special system administrator to maintenance. Also, the data input usually has three ways, one is based on ordinary computers, two is based on touch screen, 3 it is to use wireless order system, and wireless technology and based on infrared

technology and based on the wireless network technology. From the current development trend, the catering system more and more the touch screen, and wireless technology is gradually mature.

The technical level need to consider another important question is, software is based on open platform or their own systems of closed platform. Open refers to software compatibility do good, can support all kinds of general hardware equipment, such as freedom, user can select the appropriate equipment, such as printer, wireless PDA, all kinds of reading and writing card machines etc. One thousand hardware equipment malfunction, users can at any time in the market to purchase; And by a closed system is a system of providers offer special equipment, and general equipment can't compatible, therefore, once the user to use such systems, equipment maintenance and update didn't have much choice, only by the company to do it. At present, the market by some food management system is in some link using special equipment, such as special printer, special wireless equipment, special order information literacy card machines etc. So, the system business can through the this part of equipment to improve their profits. We think, really promising software is not rely on these little sensitive to win, but want to rely on the perfection of the software itself, by close service to win the market, to win customer.

Third, the service consciousness and service ability

Software is service. If provide catering management software services no good service consciousness, or do not have very good service ability of words, so, it is a good product also is not given play to due function. Service includes three aspects: the first is pre-sale consultation, including understand the real needs of users, selection of recommended products; Second is carry out the implementation and training services, this link is very important, network cabling quality directly affect the security and stability of the data in the system, the quality of the training is directly related to the operation of the system efficiency, training should be points hillock training, unified drills, department of each position to strengthen communication and interaction, and sequenced assessment, only through the examination to allow mount guard, usually training posts shall include: order, the lobby manager, the cashier member, member that be in the kitchen, warehouse manager, financial personnel, system administrators and general manager; Finally, after sales service, after-sales service with the support of shops, including, telephone support, remote computer services, a set of good software should also be

complementary to meet client needs of one set of complete after-sale service plan, including establish customer maintenance service files, make the maintenance service level, etc.

Inspects a system service provider service consciousness and service ability of the method is simple and easy to see if it established a relatively complete service process and service standards. If a software provider even at the very least service process and service standards are not established, it is hard to believe that the future can be timely service to meet your service needs.

Fourth, business focus VS the company size

Although the market has quite a lot of food in the software system, but the overall level from industry, catering company using software to see the proportion of high or not, the catering software still belongs to market introduction stage, specializes in catering management software business is not much, the number of companies is small, as a professional development and management of the software with the national food within the scope of the popularity and reputation company there is almost no; And some scale slightly larger corporation, the main product may not catering management software, just have a department or a team responsible for catering to software development and sale of the company, for such, although seemingly bigger size and strength, but because the business don't focus, once encounter difficulties, a business could give up the business. This is in our industry is a kind of common phenomenon. So, we think, relative to the size of the company, the more important is the focus on business degree. Because of the rules of the development of the things is, only focus, will become a expert; Only focus is to have power!!!!!

Fifth, effective customer quantity and quality

Catering company in the choice of software already know need to understand the existing customer, or the software that successful cases. Some software company often cast its place, the successful cases listed on the list of customers a long list, no address, no phone calls, no way to contact the client list, so that even more, is of no significance. We here the effective customer list, said not only refers to the use of the software customers, the more important is who will do the implementation and service. Often encountered in some markets have a certain visibility of the software, in the context of the global households with as many as thousands of home, but specific to a certain market, may not have several users, therefore, encountered this

kind of situation, hope the user polished glasses, because maybe you is met a novice in provide service for you? In the application software field, specific implementation service ability, experience is very important, which may be a software success of the implementation of the key factors. For example, A set of catering management system in A shop to successful implementation, must not in B shop can achieve the same effect, because of different implementation service ability, will bring disparate effect; The same thing will happen in some constantly from some relatively big some company split up small company, the situation there is more the norm. Because just split up, despite the revamped products, but the new product has not officially users, so a is taken, and the other a free strategy is to take a share of the strategy, the user is now the client of the company, and yellow of the synagogue also to the ranks of the user list to the company. So, investigation, not only to see the valid user number, also look at quality; Not only to listen to introduce, conditional still need to go to see the best. Such ability can see actually.

软件开发外文翻译

软件开发外文翻译本页仅作为文档页封面，使用时可以删除 This document is for reference only-rar21year.March

Requirements Phase The chances of a product being developed on time and within budget are somewhat slim unless the members of the software development team agree on what the software product will do. The first step in achieving this unanimity is to analyze the client’s current situation as precisely as possible. For example, it is inadequate to say, “ They need a computer-aided design system because they claim their manual design system, there is lousy. “ Unless the development team knows exactly what is wrong with the current manual system, there is a high probability that aspects of the new computerized system will be equally “lousy. “ Similarly, if a personal computer manufacturer is contemplating development of a new operating system, the first step is to evaluate the firm’s current operating system and analyze carefully exactly why it is unsatisfactory. To take an extreme example, it is vital to know whether the problem exists only in the mind of the sales manager, who blames the operating system for poor sales, or whether users of the operating system are thoroughly disenchanted with its functionality and reliability. Only after a clear picture of the present situation has been gained can the team attempt to answer the critical question, What must the new product be able to do The process of answering this question is carried out during the requirements phase. A commonly held misconception is that , during the requirements phase, the developers must determine what software the client wants. On the contrary, the real objective of the requirements phase is to determine what software the client needs. The problem is that many clients do not know what they need. Furthermore, even a client who has a good idea of what is needed may have difficulty in accurately conveying these ideas to the developers, because most clients are less computer literate than the members of the development team.

软件开发概念和设计方法大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目：软件开发概念和设计方法文献、资料英文题目： 文献、资料来源： 文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 院（部）： 专业： 班级： 姓名： 学号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2017.02.14

外文资料原文 Software Development Concepts and Design Methodologies During the 1960s, ma inframes and higher level programming languages were applied to man y problems including human resource s yste ms,reservation s yste ms, and manufacturing s yste ms. Computers and software were seen as the cure all for man y bu siness issues were some times applied blindly. S yste ms sometimes failed to solve the problem for which the y were designed for man y reasons including: ?Inability to sufficiently understand complex problems ?Not sufficiently taking into account end-u ser needs, the organizational environ ment, and performance tradeoffs ?Inability to accurately estimate development time and operational costs ?Lack of framework for consistent and regular customer communications At this time, the concept of structured programming, top-down design, stepwise refinement，and modularity e merged. Structured programming is still the most dominant approach to software engineering and is still evo lving. These failures led to the concept of "software engineering" based upon the idea that an engineering-like discipl ine could be applied to software design and develop ment. Software design is a process where the software designer applies techniques and principles to produce a conceptual model that de scribes and defines a solution to a problem. In the beginning, this des ign process has not been well structured and the model does not alwa ys accurately represent the problem of software development. However,design methodologies have been evolving to accommo date changes in technolog y coupled with our increased understanding of development processes. Whereas early desig n methods addressed specific aspects of the

毕业设计外文翻译资料

外文出处： 《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题： JDBC接口技术 译文： JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI（ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口）。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口，使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。 一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程 说到JDBC，很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢？如果有，那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢？ ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统（DBMS）中存取数据的，用C语言实现的，标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI，应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统（DBMS）中的数据，而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1．ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分：应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口：屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别，为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。 驱动器管理器：为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。 数据库驱动器：实现ODBC的函数调用，提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要，数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求，使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。 数据源：由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。 虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器，以便ODBC函数调用，但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用，并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时，数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时，数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求，对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译，并将结果返回给应用系统。 2．JDBC的诞生 自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来，Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序，其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API，编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥，比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱，越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加，对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处，比如它并不容易使用，没有面向对象的特性等等，SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1．x 版本中，JDBC只是一个可选部件，到了JDK1．1公布时，SQL类包（也就是JDBCAPI）

软件工程专业BIOS资料外文翻译文献

软件工程专业BIOS资料外文翻译文献 What is the Basic Input Output System (BIOS)? BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input Output System. It is the program that stores configuration details about your computer hardware and enables your computer to boot up. Every time your computer is switched on the BIOS loads configuration data into main memory, performs a routine diagnostic test on your hardware, then loads the operating system. The BIOS resides in a ROM (Read-Only memory) chip, which is mounted on the motherboard, usually in a socket so it is removable. To the right is an example of what a BIOS chip may look like in your motherboard. This is a PLCC 32 pin type BIOS chip. It is a very common type. Every computer has BIOS. There are many types but the most common type of BIOS 's come from: AMI, Award and Phoenix. Motherboard manufacturers buy or lease the BIOS source code from these companies. The BIOS tells the operating system in your computer how to boot up, where to load everything, what to load, what memory and CPU are present and much more. A good comparison to further understand the

管理信息系统外文翻译

管理信息系统外文翻译-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

英文文献翻译 二〇年月日

科技文章摘译 Definition of a Management Information System There is no consensus of the definition of the term "management information system". Some writers prefer alternative terminology such as "information processing system", "information and decision system", "organizational information system", or simply "information system" to refer to the computer-based information processing system which supports the operations, management, and decision-making functions of an organization. This text uses “MIS” because it is descriptive and generally understood; it also frequently uses “information system” instead of “MIS” to refer to an organizational information system. A definition of a management information system, as the term is generally understood, is an integrated, user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management, and decision-making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and software; manual procedures; models for analysis planning, control and decision making; and a database. The fact that it is an integrated system does not mean that it is a single, monolithic structure; rather, it means that the parts fit into an overall design. The elements of the definition are highlighted below. 1 Computer-based user-machine system Conceptually, management information can exist without computer, but it is the power of the computer which makes MIS feasible. The question is not whether computers should be used in management information system, but the extent to which information use should be computerized. The concept of a user-machine system implies that some tasks are best performed by humans, while others are best done by machine. The user of an MIS is any person responsible for entering input data, instructing the system, or utilizing the information output of the system. For many problems, the user and the computer form a combined system with results obtained through a set of interactions between the computer and the user. User-machine interaction is facilitated by operation in which the user’s input-output device (usually a visual display terminal) is connected to the computer. The computer can be a personal computer serving only one user or a large computer that

Ps软件英文版的中文翻译总结

Ps软件英文版的中文翻译 M 是矩形选取V 是移动L 是套索W是魔棒裁切是C 切片是K 印章是S 修复画笔是J 画笔是B 历史纪录画笔是I 橡皮是E 渐变是G 涂抹是R 加深是O 路径选择是A 文字是T 钢笔是P 矩形工具是U 注释是N 吸管是I 抓手是H 缩放是Z 是不是要这个? 你把鼠标停在工具上一会,他自己不就能显示出来了么? 一、File－（文件） 1.New－（新建） 2.Open－（打开） 3.Open As－（打开为） 4.Open Recent－（最近打开文件） 5.Close－（关闭） 6.Save－（存储） 7.Save As－（存储为） 8.Save for Web－（存储为Web所用格式） 9.Revert－（恢复） 10.Place－（置入） 11.Import－（输入） －（1）PDF Image －（2）Annotations－（注释） 12.Export－（输出） 13.Manage Workflow－（管理工作流程） －（1）Check In－（登记） －（2）Undo Check Out－（还原注销） －（3）Upload To Server－（上载到服务器） －（4）Add To Workflow－（添加到工作流程） －（5）Open From Workflow－（从工作流程打开） 14.Automate－（自动） －（1）Batch－（批处理） －（2）Create Droplet－（创建快捷批处理） －（3）Conditional Mode Change－（条件模式更改） －（4）Contact Sheet－（联系表） －（5）Fix Image－（限制图像） －（6）Multi －（7）Picture package－（图片包） －（8）Web Photo Gallery 15.File Info－（文件简介） 16.Print Options－（打印选项） 17.Page Setup－（页面设置） 18.Print－（打印）

外文翻译---硬件软件的设计和开发过程知识讲解

附录 一、英文原文 Hardware/Software Design and Development Process Everett Lumpkin and Michael Gabrick Delphi Corporation, Electronics and Safety Division INTRODUCTION Process and technology advancements in the semiconductor industry have helped to revolutionize automotive and consumer electronics. As Moore’s Law predicted, the increase in complexity and operating frequencies of today’s integrated circuits have enabled the creation of system applications once thought to be impossible. And systems such as camera cell phones, automotive infotainment systems, advanced powertrain controllers and handheld personal computers have been realized as a result. In addition to the increases in process technology, the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) industry has helped to transform the way semiconductor integrated circuits (IC) and subsequent software applications are designed and verified. This transformation has occurred in the form of design abstraction, where the implementation continues to be performed at higher levels through the innovation of design automation tools. An example of this trend is the evolution of software development from the early days of machine-level programming to the C++ and Java software written today. The creation of the assembler allowed the programmer to move a level above machine language, which increased the efficiency of code generation and documentation, but still tied the programmer to the underlying hardware architecture. Likewise, the dawn of C / C++ compilers, debuggers and linkers helped to move the abstraction layer further away from the underlying hardware, making the software completely platform independent, easier to read, easier to debug and more efficient to manage. However, a shift to higher levels of software abstraction has not translated to a reduction in complexity or human resources. On the contrary, as integrated systems have become more feature rich, the complexity of the operating system and corresponding applications have increased rapidly, as have the costs associated with the software implementation and verification activities. Certainly the advancements in embedded software tools such as static code checkers, debuggers and hardware emulators have helped to solve some of the software verification problems, but software verification activities have become more time and resource consuming than the actual software creation. Time-to-market constraints have pushed software verification activities to the system-level, and led to a greater demand for production hardware to be made available earlier in

毕业设计外文翻译附原文

外文翻译 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名刘链柱 班级机制111 学号1110101102 指导教师葛友华

外文资料名称： Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处：Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文

应用旋风技术真空吸尘器的设计和性能介绍 吉尔泰金，洪城铱昌，宰瑾李， 刘链柱译 摘要：旋风型分离器技术用于真空吸尘器 - 轴向进流旋风和切向进气道流旋风有效地收集粉尘和降低压力降已被实验研究。优化设计等因素作为集尘效率，压降，并切成尺寸被粒度对应于分级收集的50％的效率进行了研究。颗粒切成大小降低入口面积，体直径，减小涡取景器直径的旋风。切向入口的双流量气旋具有良好的性能考虑的350毫米汞柱的低压降和为1.5μm的质量中位直径在1米3的流量的截止尺寸。一使用切向入口的双流量旋风吸尘器示出了势是一种有效的方法，用于收集在家庭中产生的粉尘。 摘要及关键词：吸尘器; 粉尘; 旋风分离器 引言 我们这个时代的很大一部分都花在了房子，工作场所，或其他建筑，因此，室内空间应该是既舒适情绪和卫生。但室内空气中含有超过室外空气因气密性的二次污染物，毒物，食品气味。这是通过使用产生在建筑中的新材料和设备。真空吸尘器为代表的家电去除有害物质从地板到地毯所用的商用真空吸尘器房子由纸过滤，预过滤器和排气过滤器通过洁净的空气排放到大气中。虽然真空吸尘器是方便在使用中，吸入压力下降说唱空转成比例地清洗的时间，以及纸过滤器也应定期更换，由于压力下降，气味和细菌通过纸过滤器内的残留粉尘。 图1示出了大气气溶胶的粒度分布通常是双峰形，在粗颗粒（>2.0微米）模式为主要的外部来源，如风吹尘，海盐喷雾，火山，从工厂直接排放和车辆废气排放，以及那些在细颗粒模式包括燃烧或光化学反应。表1显示模式，典型的大气航空的直径和质量浓度溶胶被许多研究者测量。精细模式在0.18?0.36 在5.7到25微米尺寸范围微米尺寸范围。质量浓度为2?205微克，可直接在大气气溶胶和 3.85至36.3μg/m3柴油气溶胶。

软件工程中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Application Fundamentals Android applications are written in the Java programming language. The compiled Java code — along with any data and resource files required by the application — is bundled by the aapt tool into an Android package, an archive file marked by an .apk suffix. This file is the vehicle for distributing the application and installing it on mobile devices; it's the file users download to their devices. All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application. In many ways, each Android application lives in its own world: 1. By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the application's code needs to be executed, and shuts down the process when it's no longer needed and system resources are required by other applications. 2. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so application code runs in isolation from the code of all other applications. 3. By default, each application is assigned a unique Linux user ID. Permissions are set so that the application's files are visible only to that user and only to the application itself — although there are ways to export them to other applications as well. It's possible to arrange for two applications to share the same user ID, in which case they will be able to see each other's files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process, sharing the same

企业人力资源管理系统分析与设计 外文翻译

Enterprise Human Resources Management System Design And Implementation Abstract: Human resource management system is the core content of modern enterprise management. With the rapid development of the computer information technology and unprecedented prevalence of electronic commerce mode，the competition between enterprises is turning from visible economic markets to the network. Developing the human resource management system supported by computer technology，network technology and information technology can not only improve the skill of human resource management and the efficiency of the enterprises but also make human resource management modern and decision sciencefic,Modern human resource management uses B/S mode to avoid C/S modes short coming of difficult in maintdning and reusing.According to the functional requirements of the actual project,this article specificly state the analysis of system,the general desigin of the system,the detail design of system and the practice of the system. The development of the system is the practice of MVC design ideas, maing using the Jsp+Servlet+JavaBean form of development.Jsp is the practice of MVC design ideas’view,in charge of receiving/responding the request of the customer.Servlet mainly responsible for the core business control of the whole system is the practice of the vontroller of MVC design idea to take charge of the statistics and rules of the whole system. In the practice of the system, somr open-source projrcts,such as the Ajax technique,JfreChart statements,fileupload technology,has been used. Using the modern human resource management theropy and analysising the actual situation, comparing the current situation of human resource management system, a huaman resource contents of management system basied on the Internet/Intranet has been designed. The main management,attendance management training more efficient statistics. Keywords:human resource management; B/S mode; Open-source projects; MVC mode. 摘要 人力资源管理系统是现代企业管理的核心内容。随着计算机信息技术的高速发展，电子商务模式的空前盛行，企业之间的竞争也从有形的经济市场转向了网络。开发以计算机技术、网络技术、信息技术支持的现代人力资源管理系统，既能提高企业人力资源管理的技术含量和企业的办事效率，也能使人力资源管理能够进入现代化、决策科学化的进程。现代人力资源管理系统采用了B/S模式，可以避免C/S模式的重用性差、维护难度高的缺点和

这学期就用了!开题报告、文献检索账号、文献综述、外文翻译、抄袭检测软件

这学期就用了！开题报告、文献检索账号、文献综述、外文翻译、抄袭检测软件、论文目录，都在这了都在这了，有备无患，拿去吧！！来源：齐祥涛的日志 开题报告、文献综述、外文翻译、论文反抄袭软件、论文目录，就差论文正文了，其他都全了！！ 开题报告主要包括以下几个方面： （一）论文名称 论文名称就是课题的名字 第一，名称要准确、规范。准确就是论文的名称要把论文研究的问题是什么，研究的对象是什么交待清楚，论文的名称一定要和研究的内容相一致，不能太大，也不能太小，要准确地把你研究的对象、问题概括出来。 第二，名称要简洁，不能太长。不管是论文或者课题，名称都不能太长，能不要的字就尽量不要，一般不要超过20个字。 （二）论文研究的目的、意义 研究的目的、意义也就是为什么要研究、研究它有什么价值。这一般可以先从现实需要方面去论述，指出现实当中存在这个问题，需要去研究，去解决，本论文的研究有什么实际作用，然后，再写论文的理论和学术价值。这些都要写得具体一点，有针对性一点，不能漫无边际地空喊口号。主要内容包括：⑴研究的有关背景(课题的提出)：即根据什么、受什么启发而搞这项研究。⑵通过分析本地（校）的教育教学实际，指出为什么要研究该课题，研究的价值，要解决的问题。 （三）本论文国内外研究的历史和现状（文献综述）。 规范些应该有，如果是小课题可以省略。一般包括：掌握其研究的广度、深度、已取得的成果；寻找有待进一步研究的问题，从而确定本课题研究的平台(起点)、研究的特色或突破点。 （四）论文研究的指导思想 指导思想就是在宏观上应坚持什么方向，符合什么要求等，这个方向或要求可以是哲学、政治理论，也可以是政府的教育发展规划，也可以是有关研究问题的指导性意见等。 （五）论文写作的目标 论文写作的目标也就是课题最后要达到的具体目的,要解决哪些具体问题，也就是本论文研究要达到的预定目标：即本论文写作的目标定位，确定目标时要紧扣课题,用词要准确、精练、明了。 常见存在问题是：不写研究目标；目标扣题不紧；目标用词不准确；目标定得过高, 对预定的目标没有进行研究或无法进行研究。 确定论文写作目标时，一方面要考虑课题本身的要求，另一方面要考率实际的工作条件与工作水平。 （六）论文的基本内容

毕业设计外文翻译

毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 题目西安市水源工程中的 水电站设计 专业水利水电工程 班级 学生 指导教师 2016年

研究钢弧形闸门的动态稳定性 牛志国 河海大学水利水电工程学院，中国南京，邮编210098 nzg_197901@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3a363404.html,，niuzhiguo@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3a363404.html, 李同春 河海大学水利水电工程学院，中国南京，邮编210098 ltchhu@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3a363404.html, 摘要 由于钢弧形闸门的结构特征和弹力，调查对参数共振的弧形闸门的臂一直是研究领域的热点话题弧形弧形闸门的动力稳定性。在这个论文中，简化空间框架作为分析模型，根据弹性体薄壁结构的扰动方程和梁单元模型和薄壁结构的梁单元模型，动态不稳定区域的弧形闸门可以通过有限元的方法，应用有限元的方法计算动态不稳定性的主要区域的弧形弧形闸门工作。此外，结合物理和数值模型，对识别新方法的参数共振钢弧形闸门提出了调查，本文不仅是重要的改进弧形闸门的参数振动的计算方法，但也为进一步研究弧形弧形闸门结构的动态稳定性打下了坚实的基础。 简介 低举升力，没有门槽，好流型，和操作方便等优点，使钢弧形闸门已经广泛应用于水工建筑物。弧形闸门的结构特点是液压完全作用于弧形闸门，通过门叶和主大梁，所以弧形闸门臂是主要的组件确保弧形闸门安全操作。如果周期性轴向载荷作用于手臂，手臂的不稳定是在一定条件下可能发生。调查指出:在弧形闸门的20次事故中，除了极特殊的破坏情况下，弧形闸门的破坏的原因是弧形闸门臂的不稳定;此外，明显的动态作用下发生破坏。例如:张山闸，位于中国的江苏省，包括36个弧形闸门。当一个弧形闸门打开放水时，门被破坏了，而其他弧形闸门则关闭，受到静态静水压力仍然是一样的，很明显，一个动态的加载是造成的弧形闸门破坏一个主要因素。因此弧形闸门臂的动态不稳定是造成弧形闸门(特别是低水头的弧形闸门)破坏的主要原是毫无疑问。