汽车车险英文文献与翻译

汽车保险

汽车保险是在事故后保证自己的财产安全合同。尽管联邦法律没有强制要求，但是在大多数州（新罕布什和威斯康星州除外）都要求必须购买汽车保险；在各个州都有最低的保险要求。在鼻腔只购买汽车保险的两个州，如果没有足够的证据表明车主财力满足财务责任法的要求，那么他就必须买一份汽车保险。就算没有法律规定，买一份合适的汽车保险对司机避免惹上官和承担过多维修费用来说都是非常实用的。

依据美国保险咨询中心的资料显示，一份基本的保险单应由6个险种组成。这其中有些是有州法律规定，有些是可以选择的，具体如下：

1.身体伤害责任险

2.财产损失责任险

3.医疗险或个人伤害保护险

4.车辆碰撞险

5.综合损失险

6.无保险驾驶人或保额不足驾驶人险

责任保险

责任险的投保险额一般用三个数字表示。不如，你的保险经纪人说你的保险单责任限额是20/40/10，这就代表每个人的人身伤害责任险赔偿限额是2万美元，每起事故的热身上海责任险赔偿限额是4万美元，每起事故的财产损失责任险的赔偿限额是1万美元。

人身伤害和财产损失责任险是大多数汽车保险单的基础。要求汽车保险的每个州都强令必须投保财产损失责任险，佛罗里达是唯一要求汽车保险但不要求投保人身伤害责任险的州。如果由于你的过错造成了事故，你的责任险会承担人身伤害、财产损失和法律规定的其他费用。人身伤害责任险将赔偿医疗费和误工工资；财产损失责任险将支付车辆的维修及零件更换费用。财产损失责任险通常承担对其他车辆的维修费用，但是也可以对你的车撞坏的灯杆、护栏、建筑物等其他物品的损坏进行赔偿。另一方当事人也可以决定起诉你赔偿精神损失。

看看汽车责任险的最低投保要求，你就会发现在你居住的地方哪些保险是必须的。记住，如果你引起了一场严重的交通事故，最低限度的保险可能不足以支付你造成的损失。因此最好在州要求的最低限度外再买一些保险。如果你已经拥有了家庭或者拥有养老或存储账户，你应该更多地考虑责任险。因为在大多数州，司机们都有权利去起诉肇事司机。如果你被起诉了并且你投保的保额不足以弥补各类损失，那么你有可能会成为众矢之的，个人财政将陷入麻烦。

车辆碰撞险和综合损失险

如果投保人肇事，车辆碰撞险将支付你的车辆维修费。通常投保人得到的赔付不能超过车辆实际价值，这和车辆的更换费用不同。

车辆碰撞险通常来说是汽车保险中最贵的险种。选择一个较高的免赔额，比如500或1000美元，就会使你的保险费下降。不过要记住，你必须承担免赔额以内的部分，保险公司只承担超出免赔额的部分。

更换费用是重置车辆或用相同种类和质量的材料维修你的车，没有折旧扣除。折旧是因使用年限或磨损等原因使汽车价值的减少。

实际价值是财产被损坏或毁坏是的实际价值。理赔人员通常会用重置成本减去折旧来确定车辆实际价值。

保险公司通常在维修费用超过汽车价值一定比例的时候将车视作“车辆全损”。这个比例高低因公司不同而异，从55%—90%不等。

综合损失险对非交通事故原因造成投保人车辆的损失进行赔付：如偷盗，火灾，被故意破坏，自然灾害，或各种意外等。综合损失险同样可以有免赔额，并在车辆毁伤时保险公司仅按车辆价值赔付。

正常情况下，因为保险公司的赔偿额度不会超过汽车的账面价值，你最好对这个金额有个大致的了解。如果你车的价值还不如保费额，还是不要投保的好。

任何州都不会强制投保人购买碰撞险及综合损失险，不过当车主能够负担汽车费用时，贷方可能会在贷款协议中要求车主购买碰撞及综合险。即使没有要求，碰撞及综合险也是保险业大力推荐的险种，以便在不可预知的毁坏或偷盗情况下，车主可以避免重大损失。车辆偷盗现象很常见。

医疗险、个人上海保护险和无过错险

医疗险讲对被保险人及车上人员在事故后的医疗保险费用进行赔付。这些费用可能由于投保人驾驶自己的车或别人的车是发生的事故，或者被保险人及其家庭成员在步行时收到的伤害。无论过错在哪一方，保险公司都会进行赔付，但若责任由第三方造成，保险公司可以对其进行追偿。

个人伤害保护险是医疗险的一种延伸形式。他用来支付与伤害有关的费用但并非必须是医疗的，如丧失的工资收入，幼托、丧葬支出等。目前有16各州要求购买个人上海保护险，如果你已经投保了一份不错的身体健康保险的话，幸运的是你只需要买最低额度的医疗险或个人伤害保护险即可。

无保险驾驶人险或保额不足驾驶人险

无保险驾驶人险在你被撞伤而肇事司机逃逸或被没有投保汽车保险的司机撞伤时进行赔付。在有些州，这两种险也对财产损失进行赔付。

保额不足驾驶人险肇事司机所投的责任保险额不足一米不造成的损失时保险公司进行赔偿。在有些州，这两种险也对财产损失进行赔付。

类似地，保额不足驾驶人险也会在你遭受一个保额不足的司机装及时给与赔付。如果你是行人遭受撞击，保额不足驾驶人险会支付这些费用。

附加条款

汽车保险有很多补充，即可作为单独险种，也可作为附加条款。

租车补偿条款常见的附加条款，当你的车损坏或丢失而不能使用时的租车费用。

拖车和人工条款以防止车辆途中抛锚，亦很常见。

差价补偿条款若你的新车全损，用来支付实际价值和汽车贷款余额之间的差额。

每个州都要求车主购买基本的汽车保险。在汽车的使用过程中，要求随车携带保险证明。在以下这些时候你可能要出示保险证明：汽车登记时，发生事故时，还有驾驶过程中。建议车主将保险证明放到车上，而不是带在身上，这样不管岁驾驶，都可以随时出示保险证明。

任何违反州法律中关于汽车保险内容的行为都会带来一些后果，轻则高额罚款，重则吊销驾照甚至入狱。这些可怕的后果说明购买汽车保险非常值得。不投保而又不被惩罚的可能性很小，一旦被发现将重罚。

汽车保险益处

1.基本保障

基本保障包括：保证对车企及车体的终身维修，维修期间提供代步车，24小时热线服务电话，及时安排维修，晚间紧急情况下的住宿，对私人随身物品、医疗费用、车内音频视频设备的损坏予以赔偿，24小时挡风玻璃的更换，维修热线提供法律和医疗方面的建议及事故后咨询。

2.附加保障

附加保障包括：最大限度的无赔款优待，法律帮助，旅行意外险及抛锚险，如在路边，修车时或在家抛锚的情况下提供帮助。

投保人选择的险种不同，保险就有所不同。

投保人可以按需要从下列险种中选择：

第三者责任险——保险公司对因被保险人驾驶时的责任引起的三方人身伤害或财产损失负赔偿责任。

第三者火灾及盗抢险——除了上述第三方责任险外保险公司还对投保人车辆在事故中遭受的火灾及盗抢负赔偿责任。

综合损失险——对被保险人的车辆损失以及第三者的人身损害和财产损失提供保障。

投保人可以将下列内容补充道一上车险种：

前一年度没有索赔，保险公司给与的最大限度的无赔款优待；

法律帮助计划；

抛锚险；

旅行意外险。

3.部分主要益处解析

上面简要介绍了保险所提供的保障，下面我们分别详细说明。

1）24小时服务热线

当投保人发生了事故或遭受了损失，可以随时拨打保险公司24小时服务热线，向态度友好、处理高效的专家说明。

2）及时安排维修

发生了保险单中载明的事故之后，投保人如果选择保险公司推荐的修理厂进行维修的话，保险公司将会立刻通知该维修厂提供服务。这些维修厂都是经保险公司严格检查，始终保持较高工作质量，经他们维修过的车起火车身可以终身保修就是证据。

3）关于热线电话给于的特别折扣及24小时更换玻璃服务

如果投保车辆的挡风玻璃，车程几天窗玻璃破损，被保险人可以拨打24小时波利维修热线。如果投的是综合损失险，所有维修都将免费。如果已经无法维修的就只能更换，超出部分费用由投保人自己承当。超出的费用已在投保人的投保单中注明，如果投保人决定比进行索赔或通过其他险种索赔，将会得到来自供应商的额外折扣。

4）车辆维修

只要是再保险责任内车辆发生损坏事故，保险公司专门推荐的一些维修厂会集中并运送投保人的车辆。如果保单有相应记载，他们还将提供代步车给投保人使用。车辆一到修理厂马上开始修理。为了保证不影响被保险人保单的效力，汽修厂将会对车企和车身进行终身保修。

Auto insurance

Auto insurance is a contract that protects your financial security in case of an accident. Although it is not mandated by federal law, the purchase of auto insurance is usually a requirement in most states; every state has minimum insurance laws. If said owner cannot produce proof of satisfactory assets, the he must buy an auto insurance policy. Regardless of the law, having good auto insurance is practical for the driver who wishes to avoid lawsuits or immense repair bills.

According to the Insurance Information Institute, a basic auto insurance policy is comprised of six basic types of coverage. While some of these types of coverage are required by state law, some are considered optional. These are:

1.Bodily injury liability

2.Property damage liability

3.Medical payments or Personal Injury Protection

4.Collision

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3a366715.html,prehensive

6.Uninsured/Underinsured motorists coverage

Liability insurance

Liability coverage limits (that’s for the damage you do to others) are usually presented as a series of three numbers. For example, your agent might say that your policy carries liability limits of 20/40/10. That stands for $20,000 in bodily injury coverage per person, $40,000 in bodily injury coverage per accident, and #10,000 in property-damage coverage per accident.

Liability insurance (both bodily injury and property damage) is the foundation of most auto insurance policies. Every state that requires auto insurance mandates the purchase of property damage liability, and Florida is the only that requires auto insurance but does not call for bodily injury liability. If you are at fault in an auto accident, your liability coverage will pay all the expenses, bodily injury, property damage, and any legal bills. The bodily injury coverage would pay for medical bills and lost wages; the property damage coverage would pay for any auto repairs, or replacement. Property damage liability usually repairs damage to other

vehicles, but can also cover damages to things such as lamp plus, fences, buildings, or anything sew that your car ma have struck. The other party also decide to sue you to collect” pain and suffering” damages.

See the Minimum levels of required auto liability insurance to find out what’s required where you live. Remember, if you cause a serious accident, minimum insurance may not cover you adequately. That’s why it’s a good idea to buy more than what your state requires. If you own a home and have nest egg and a savings account, you should consider more liability insurance because, in most states, drivers are allowed to sue other drives who injure them in car accidents. If you’re sued and your liability insurance doesn’t pay for all of the damages, your personal finances are on the hook, and it’s likely you’ll become a target.

Collision and comprehensive coverage’s

If you cause and accident, collision coverage will pay to repair your vehicle. You usually can’t collect any more than the actual cash value of your car, which is not the same as the car’s replacement cost. Collision coverage is normally the most expensive component of auto insurance. By choosing a higher deductible, say $500or $1, 000, you can keep your premium costs down... However, keep in mind that you most pay the amount of deductible before the insurance company kicks in any money after an accident.

Replacement cost is the amount it would take to replace your vehicle or repair damages with materials of similar kind and quality, without deducting for depreciating. Depreciation is the decrease in vehicle value because of age or wear and tear.

Actual cash value (ACV) is the value of your property when it is damaged or destroyed. Claims adjusters usually figure ACV by taking the replacement cost and subtracting depreciation. Insurance companies often will “total” your car if the repair costs exceed a certain percentage of the car’s worth. The critical damage point varies from company to company, from 55 percent to 90 percent.

Comprehensive coverage will pay for damages to your car that weren’t caused by an auto accident: Damages form theft, fire, vandalism, natural disasters, or hitting a deer all qualify. Comprehensive coverage also comes with a deductible and your insurer will only pay as much as the car

was worth when it got wrecked.

Because insurance companies normal will not pay you more than your coo’s book value, it’s helpful if you have a rough idea of this amount .If your car is worth less than what you’re paying for the coverage, you’re better off not having it.

Neither collision nor comprehension insurance is required by any of the states, but some lenders, when the owner finances the car, nay require the purchase of collision and comprehensive in the loan agreement. Even when t is not required, collision and comprehensive coverage is highly recommended by the insurance industry, so that in the unforeseen event of damage or theft, the owner of the car can avoid heavy bills. Theft of cars is not as unusual as some people may think

. Medical payments, PIP, and no-fault coverage’s

Medical payments (Med pay) coverage will pay for your and your passengers’medical expenses after an accident. These expenses can arise form accidents while you’re driving your car, someone else’s car (with their permission), and injuries you or your family members incur when you’re pedestrians. The coverage will pay regardless of who is a fault, but if someone else is liable, your insurer may seek to recoup the expenses from him or her.

Personal Injury Protection (PIP)coverage is an extended form of Med Pay. Pip may cover expenses that are reacted to injury, but not necessarily medical, such as lost wages, childcare and funeral costs. PIP coverage is currently required by sixteen states. If you are already insured under a good health insurance policy, then fortunately, there is no need to buy more than the minimum required amount of PIP or Med Pay insurance.

Uninsured/Underinsured motorist’s coverage

Uninsured motorists (UM) coverage pays for your injuries of you’re stuck by a hit-and-run driver or someone who doesn’t have auto insurance. It is required in many states.

Underinsured motorists (UIM) coverage will pay out if the driver who hit you causes more damage than his or her liability coverage can cover. IN some states, UM or UIM coverage will also pay for property damages. Similarly, underinsured motorists insurance will cover any damage caused when you are struck by a driver who is not insured for a sufficient amount.

If you are hit, as a pedestrian, underinsured coverage will cover the expenses.

Add-on features

Several supplemental auto coverage is available, either as separate premium items or included in augmented policies.

Rental reimbursement, a common add-on, covers vehicle rentals required because your car is damaged or stolen.

Coverage for towing and labor charges in case of a broad breakdown is also common.

Gap coverage for your new car will pay the difference between the actual cash value you receive for the car and the amount left on your car loan if your vehicle is totaled in an accident.

Basic auto insurance is required by virtually every state. Proof of insurance is required at different items throughout the life of a vehicle. You may be asked for proof of insurance at any and al of these items: at vehicle registration, at the time of an accident, and any time when driving the vehicle. It is suggested that the owner of the car keeps proof of insurance in the car at all times, instead of on his or her person, so that it can be available at all times, no matter who is driving.

Any violations of state law regarding auto insurance could result in, at best, a hefty fine, and at worst, suspension of your driver’s license and/or time in jail. The dire consequences of driving while uninsured are not worth the neglect of paying for insurance. The chance that an uninsured driver wills detection is slim; he is likely being caught and strictly punished.

The benefits with auto insurance

Standard Benefits

Standard benefits count in Lifetime guarantee on all paint and bodywork repairs, Courtesy car, 24-hour Claims Helpline, and Immediate authorization of repairs, Emergency overnight accommodation, Cover for personal effects, Cover for legal advice, medical advice and post-accident counseling.

Available as Optional Extras

Available as optional extras count in Maximum No Claim Bonus for Life,

Legal Assistance, Travel Accident Plan and Breakdown Cover such as roadside, recovery and home call.

The benefits are different with the level of coverage you choose.

You can select the cover that sits your knees, form:

Third Party only-third party liability protection for injury or damage insured drivers may cause to others or their property

Third Party Fire and Theft-fire and theft cover for your car and third party liability protection for injury or damage insured drivers may cause to others or their property

Comprehensive-loss or damage cover for your car and third party liability protection for injury or damage insured drivers may cause to others or their property

You may add the following optional extras to any of the above covers;

1) Maximum No Claim Bonus for Life

2) Legal Assistance Plan

3) Breakdown Cover

4) Travel Accident Plan

Some Key Benefits in a little More Detail

We’ve outlined the range of benefits you can earn above. Now let us explain in a little more detail just what some of those benefits mean to you:

1) 24 Hour Claims Helpline

When you’ve ha d an accident or loss calls our Claims Helpline. Speak to friendly and efficient experts 24 hours a day

2) For Immediate Authorization of Repairs (Comprehensive Only) Following an accident covered by your policy, if you choose to have the repairs carried out by one of our Recommended Repairers, we can arrange for them to be authorized straight away. Or repairers are all thoroughly checked to make sure that their work is of a consistently high standard. Ad proof, all paint and bodywork repairs carried out by our repairers are guaranteed for the lifetime of the car

3) Special Discount through the Glass Helpline And 24-hour Glass Replacement

If you have our Comprehensive Cover, any repairs will be free of charge. If repairs aren’t possible then you’ll get a replacement but will have

to pay the windscreen excess which is shown under’ Own Damage Excess’in your schedule. If you decide not to claim, or have another type of cover, you will receive a special discount from our suppliers.

4) Vehicle Repairs

Where your policy provides cover for damage to your vehicle, we have a network of Recommended Repairers who will collect and redeliver your vehicle. Where provided for under your policy, they will also provide a courtesy car to keep our mobile. The repair process will commence immediately the vehicle arrives on their premises. To ensure there is no effect on any existing warranty you may have, they provide a Lifetime Guarantee on all paint and bodywork repairs.

01-文献综述范文-翻译-当前零翻译研究问题与对策

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英文文献及中文翻译撰写格式

关于毕业设计说明书（论文）英文文献及中文翻译撰写格式 为提高我校毕业生毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）的撰写质量，做到毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）在内容和格式上的统一和规范，特规定如下: 一、装订顺序 论文（设计说明书）英文文献及中文翻译内容一般应由3个部分组成，严格按以下顺序装订。 1、封面 2、中文翻译 3、英文文献（原文） 二、书写格式要求 1、毕业设计（论文）英文文献及中文翻译分毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译和毕业论文英文文献及中文翻译两种，所有出现相关字样之处请根据具体情况选择“毕业设计说明书” 或“毕业论文”字样。 2、毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）英文文献及中文翻译中的中文翻译用Word 软件编辑，英文文献用原文，一律打印在A4幅面白纸上，单面打印。 3、毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）英文文献及中文翻译的上边距:30mm；下边距:25mm；左边距:3Omm；右边距:2Omm；行间距1.5倍行距。 4、中文翻译页眉的文字为“中北大学2019届毕业设计说明书” 或“中北大学××××届毕业论文”，用小四号黑体字，页眉线的上边距为25mm；页脚的下边距为18mm。 5、中文翻译正文用小四号宋体，每章的大标题用小三号黑体，加粗，留出上下间距为：段前0.5行，段后0.5行；二级标题用小四号黑体，加粗；其余小标题用小四号黑体，不加粗。 6、文中的图、表、附注、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字分章编号。如图1.2，表2.3，附注3.2或式4.3。 7、图表应认真设计和绘制,不得徒手勾画。表格与插图中的文字一律用5号宋体。

每一插图和表格应有明确简短的图表名，图名置于图之下，表名置于表之上，图表号与图表名之间空一格。插图和表格应安排在正文中第一次提及该图表的文字的下方。当插图或表格不能安排在该页时，应安排在该页的下一页。 图表居中放置，表尽量采用三线表。每个表应尽量放在一页内，如有困难，要加“续表X.X”字样，并有标题栏。 图、表中若有附注时，附注各项的序号一律用阿拉伯数字加圆括号顺序排，如:注①。附注写在图、表的下方。 文中公式的编号用圆括号括起写在右边行末顶格，其间不加虚线。 8、文中所用的物理量和单位及符号一律采用国家标准，可参见国家标准《量和单位》(GB3100~3102-93)。 9、文中章节编号可参照《中华人民共和国国家标准文献著录总则》。

汽车系统英文对照大全

汽车系统英文对照大全 A 涡轮增压是turbo，机械增压是supercharger，而燃油分层直喷Fuel Stratified Injection缩写是fsi AFS：自适应照明系统主动前轮转向系统 AYC：主动偏航控制系统主动横摆控制系统 ASC：主动式稳定控制系统自动稳定和牵引力控制车轮打滑控制 ABS：防抱死制动系统 ASR：防滑系统 ASL：音量自动调节系统排档自动锁定装置 AUX：音频输入端口 ADS：自适应减振系统 ACC：自适应巡航控制系统车距感应式定速巡航控制系统 AWD：全时四轮驱动系统 ACD：主动中央差速器 AMT：电子自动变速箱电控机械式自动变速器 All-Speed TCS:全速段牵引力控制系统 ACIS：电子控制进气流程系统丰田可变进气歧管系统 ABD：自动制动差速系统 AGF：亚洲吉利方程式国际公开赛 AUTO：自动切换四驱 ASC+T：自动稳定和牵引力控制系统 ABC：主动车身控制 AXCR：亚洲越野拉力赛 ARP：主动防侧翻保护 AFM：动态燃油管理系统 APEAL：新车满意度中国汽车性能、运行和设计调研 AT：自动变速器 Asian festival of speed：亚洲赛车节 AOD：电子控制按需传动装置 AACN：全自动撞车通报系统 ARTS：智能安全气囊系统 AWS：后撞头颈保护系统 AIAC：奥迪国际广告大赛 AVS：适应式可变悬架系统 Audi AAA：奥迪认证轿车 ATA：防盗警报系统 ALS：自动车身平衡系统 ARS：防滑系统 ASPS：防潜滑保护系统 ASS：自适应座椅系统

AQS：空气质量系统 AVCS：主动气门控制系统 ASF：奥迪全铝车身框架结构 A-TRC：主动牵引力控制系统 AHC：油压式自动车高调整 AMG：快速换档自动变速箱 AHS2：“双模”完全混合动力系统 AI：人工智能换档控制 APRC：亚太汽车拉力锦标赛 ARTS：自适应限制保护技术系统 ACU：安全气囊系统控制单元 AP：恒时全轮驱动 AZ：接通式全轮驱动 ASM：动态稳定系统 AS：转向臂 APC：预喷量控制 Active Light Function：主动灯光功能 ACE：高级兼容性设计 Audi Space Frame：奥迪全铝车身技术AWC：全轮控制系统 ASTC：主动式稳定性和牵引力控制系统 B BA：紧急制动辅助系统 BEST：欧盟生物乙醇推广项目 Brake Energy Regeneration：制动能量回收系统BLIS：盲区信息系统 BAS：制动助力辅助装置BRIDGESTONE：普利司通轮胎 Biometric immobilizer：生物防盗系统 BCI：蓄电池国际协会国际电池大会BAR：大气压 BDC：下止点 BBDC：北京奔驰-戴克汽车新工厂 B：水平对置式排列多缸发动机 BF：钢板弹簧悬架 BCM：车身控制模块 BCS：博世汽车专业维修网络 BMBS：爆胎监测与制动系统 BFCEC：北京福田康明斯发动机有限公司

汽车内饰件常见英语翻译

汽车内饰件常见英语翻译

01-零件（Part） 一、零件总成(Parts Assembly) 1、发动机舱系统（Engine Compartment System） 1.引擎盖隔音垫Hood 2.前围前隔音垫Dashout 2、乘员舱饰件系统（Passenger Compartment System） 1.主地毯Carpet 2.顶棚Headliner 3.前围后隔音垫Dashinner 4.脚垫Mat 5.衣帽架Package Tray 6.中通道隔音垫Tunnel Insulator 7.座椅靠背地毯Seat Back Carpet 3、行李箱饰件系统（Trunk Trim System） 1.侧饰板Side trim 2.备胎盖Trunk

Carpet 3.内饰板Decklid Trim 4、外饰系统（Exterior Trim Systems） 1.密封条Sealing 2.轮罩Wheel House 3.防水膜Water Shield 二、外协件（Outsourcing Parts） 1.塑料固定扣（尼龙扣）Plastic Fixed Buckle (Nylon Buttons) 2.塑料尾部连接块卡扣Plastic Tail Connection Buckle 3.塑料尾部连接块顶端卡扣Plastic Tail Top Connection Buckle 4.金属连接扣Metal Connection Buckle 5.塑料保险带扣Plastic Seat Belts Buckle 6.组合卡子Combination Bands 7.尼龙拉手Nylon Shake Hander

at89c52单片机中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述

at89c52单片机简介 中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述 A T89C52 Single-chip microprocessor introduction Selection of Single-chip microprocessor 1. Development of Single-chip microprocessor The main component part of Single-chip microprocessor as a result of by such centralize to be living to obtain on the chip，In immediate future middle processor CPU。Storage RAM immediately﹑memoy read ROM﹑Interrupt system、Timer /'s counter along with I/O's rim electric circuit awaits the main microcomputer section，The lumping is living on the chip。Although the Single-chip microprocessor r is only a chip，Yet through makes up and the meritorous service be able to on sees，It had haveed the calculating machine system property，calling it for this reason act as Single-chip microprocessor r minisize calculating machine SCMS and abbreviate the Single-chip microprocessor。 1976Year the Inter corporation put out 8 MCS－48Set Single-chip microprocessor computer，After being living more than 20 years time in development that obtain continuously and wide-ranging application。1980Year that corporation put out high performance MCS －51Set Single-chip microprocessor。This type of Single-chip microprocessor meritorous service capacity、The addressing range wholly than early phase lift somewhat，Use also comparatively far more at the moment。1982Year that corporation put out the taller 16 Single-chip microprocessor MCS of performance once

汽车制动系统(机械、车辆工程毕业论文英文文献及翻译)

Automobile Brake System汽车制动系统 The braking system is the most important system in cars. If the brakes fail, the result can be disastrous. Brakes are actually energy conversion devices, which convert the kinetic energy (momentum) of the vehicle into thermal energy (heat).When stepping on the brakes, the driver commands a stopping force ten times as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion. The braking system can exert thousands of pounds of pressure on each of the four brakes. Two complete independent braking systems are used on the car. They are the service brake and the parking brake. The service brake acts to slow, stop, or hold the vehicle during normal driving. They are foot-operated by the driver depressing and releasing the brake pedal. The primary purpose of the brake is to hold the vehicle stationary while it is unattended. The parking brake is mechanically operated by when a separate parking brake foot pedal or hand lever is set. The brake system is composed of the following basic components: the “master cylinder” which is located under the hood, and is directly connected to the brake pedal, converts driver foot’s mechanical pressure into hydraulic pressure. Steel “brake lines” and flexible “brake hoses” connect the master cylinder to the “slave cylinders” located at each wheel. Brake fluid, specially designed to work in extreme conditions, fills the system. “Shoes” and “pads” are pushed by the slave cylinders to contact the “drums” and “rotors” thus causing drag, which (hopefully) slows the c ar. The typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brakes in the rear connected by a system of tubes and hoses that link the brake at each wheel to the master cylinder (Figure). Basically, all car brakes are friction brakes. When the driver applies the brake, the control device forces brake shoes, or pads, against the rotating brake drum or disks at wheel. Friction between the shoes or pads and the drums or disks then slows or stops the wheel so that the car is braked.

(完整版)汽车内饰件常见英语翻译

01-零件（Part） 一、零件总成(Parts Assembly) 1、发动机舱系统（Engine Compartment System） 1.引擎盖隔音垫Hood 2.前围前隔音垫Dashout 2、乘员舱饰件系统（Passenger Compartment System） 1.主地毯Carpet 2.顶棚Headliner 3.前围后隔音垫Dashinner 4.脚垫Mat 5.衣帽架Package Tray 6.中通道隔音垫Tunnel Insulator 7.座椅靠背地毯Seat Back Carpet 3、行李箱饰件系统（Trunk Trim System） 1.侧饰板Side trim 2.备胎盖Trunk Carpet 3.内饰板Decklid Trim 4、外饰系统（Exterior Trim Systems） 1.密封条Sealing 2.轮罩Wheel House 3.防水膜Water Shield 二、外协件（Outsourcing Parts） 1.塑料固定扣（尼龙扣）Plastic Fixed Buckle (Nylon Buttons) 2.塑料尾部连接块卡扣Plastic Tail Connection Buckle 3.塑料尾部连接块顶端卡扣Plastic Tail Top Connection Buckle 4.金属连接扣Metal Connection Buckle 5.塑料保险带扣Plastic Seat Belts Buckle 6.组合卡子Combination Bands 7.尼龙拉手Nylon Shake Hander 8.塑料拉手Plastic Handle 9.索环Lasso 10.拉索组件Lasso Components 11.阅读灯面板组件Reading Lamp Panel Components 12.遮阳板组件Sunshading Board Components

大数据外文翻译参考文献综述

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running the algorithm. In contrast, privacy-preserving data publishing (PPDP) may not necessarily be tied to a specific data mining task, and the data mining task may be unknown at the time of data publishing. PPDP studies how to transform raw data into a version that is immunized against privacy attacks but that still supports effective data mining tasks. Privacy-preserving for both data mining (PPDM) and data publishing (PPDP) has become increasingly popular because it allows sharing of privacy sensitive data for analysis purposes. One well studied approach is the k-anonymity model [1] which in turn led to other models such as confidence bounding, l-diversity, t-closeness, (α,k)-anonymity, etc. In particular, all known mechanisms try to minimize information loss and such an attempt provides a loophole for attacks. The aim of this paper is to present a survey for most of the common attacks techniques for anonymization-based PPDM & PPDP and explain their effects on Data Privacy. Although data mining is potentially useful, many data holders are reluctant to provide their data for data mining for the fear of violating individual privacy. In recent years, study has been made to ensure that the sensitive information of individuals cannot be identified easily. Anonymity Models, k-anonymization techniques have been the focus of intense research in the last few years. In order to ensure anonymization of data while at the same time minimizing the information

外文翻译合同(合同示范文本)

( 合同范本 ) 甲方： 乙方： 日期：年月日 精品合同 / Word文档 / 文字可改 外文翻译合同(合同示范文本) The contract concluded after the parties reached a consensus through equal consultations stipulates the mutual obligations and the rights they should enjoy.

外文翻译合同(合同示范文本) 甲方(聘用方)：____________________________________________ 联系地址：__________________________________________________ 联系电话：__________________________________________________ 传真：______________________________________________________ 邮编：______________________________________________________ 乙方(受聘方)：____________________________________________ 联系地址：

__________________________________________________ 联系电话：__________________________________________________ 鉴于甲方拍摄的_____集电视连续剧《》（暂定名，最终定名以通过审核的完成片片名___________为准，改变剧名和集数不影响本合同的效力及履行，以下简称该剧）外文翻译事宜，拟聘请乙方担任该剧外文翻译等相关后期工作，经甲、乙双方充分协商，达成以下协议，以兹共同信守。 第一条聘用期限 本合同有效期限自合同签订之日起至甲方交付乙方的全部工作完成后为有效期。因不可抗力原因延期拍摄时，甲乙双方协商本合约可顺延。 第二条乙方的工作 乙方负责如下事项。 1．除日文之外其它各外文语种的全部翻译工作（外文配音台词本的制作、外文翻译中文并校对、配合后期配音工作的要求、配合