语法二

1. Although ____ Spanish, he attended the course.

A. he was knowing

B. he is knowing

C. having a knowledge of

D. knows

2. You ____that letter to James. However, you didn’t.

A. ought to write

B. ought to have written

C. should write

D. should be writing

3. Joseph was very lucky ____ with his life; he almost did not get out of the r oom.

A. to escape

B. to have escaped

C. to escaping

D. to be escaping

4. Bread and butter ____liked by Westerners.

A. is

B. are

C. were

D. be

5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____very pleasant to sit on in summer.

A. which is

B. which it is

C. it is

D.where it is

6. He set up in business ____ his own and was very successful.

A. in

B.of

C.on

D. by

7. John’s score on the test is the highes t in the class; he ____last night.

A. must study

B.charged

C.punished

D.posed

14. Modern ___perhaps causes more problems than it solves.

A. technique

B.technology

C. tactics

D.tendency

15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it _ ___ when she was trying to go tosleep.

A. sounding

B. ringing

C. ticking

D. humming

16. Under this ____ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.

A. intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ____ of the m were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.

A. maximum

B.minority

C. majorit

D.minimum

18. Nancy was surprised that they have ____. They seemed to be a happy co uple.

A. split up

B.broken down

C. fallen through

D. knocked out

19.The beach is in an ideal ____to draw tourists.

A. condition

B. situation

C. state

D. publicity

20. Our ____ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have los t 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.

A. sensible

B. senseless

C. sensitive

D. sensory

21. The eldest child is thoroughly ____because they always give him whatever he wants.

A. wasted

B. spoiled

C.destroyed

D.uneducated

22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ____a gas.

A. give into

B. give over

C. give off

D. give away

23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ____ with him at once.

A. peace

B. large

C. ease

D. best

24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?

—Well, I’ll have to get ____ from my boss.

A. permission

B. permit

C. allowance

D. possession

25. The ____ in Janet’s character has hindered her from advancement in her career.

A. weakness

B. merit

C. defect

D. shortcoming

1. C)【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。

【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时;选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge 作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组have a knowledg

e of中，所以选C)。

2. B)【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。

【难点】ought to have written是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。

3. B)【句意】约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命;他险些没从房间里逃出来。

【难点】to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成。

4. A)【句意】黄油面包受西方人青睐。

【难点】bread and butter 是西方人吃的一种食品，虽然有三个字，表达的却是一个东西，并且是不可数名词，作单数。

5. A)【句意】我家的后花园有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。

【难点】which引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和sit on 构成动宾关系。类似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in 这句中live in 和this room构成动宾关系。

6. C)【句意】他独自一人开始经商，并且做得很成功。

【难点】on one’s own 是个常用的介词词组，意为“独自”;of one’s own表示“某人自己的(东西)”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。

7. C)【句意】约翰的考试分数全班最高;他昨天晚上一定学习了。

【难点】表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done这一句型结构。

8. B)【句意】弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育，是不是?

【难点】这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子，由于主句为否定形式，所以反意问句用肯定形式。

9. C)【句意】即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。

【难点】在条件句中表示现在将来的时间，需要用一般现在时，主句中使用将来时。

10. C)【句意】我们在房间的后面也能听得很清楚。

【难点】as well意为“(程度)同样地好”，是副词短语修饰动词hear;just表示程度，意为“刚好”。

11. A)【句意】为获得一个满意的结果，你必须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。

【难点】coat意为“覆盖物，层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意为“次，回”;courses

意为“(一层)砖面;一排”。

12. C)【句意】这个小山村被大雪封住达一个多月。

【难点】cut back意为“削减;缩减”;cut out意为“停止;切下”;cut off意为“切断;使隔断”; cut away意为“切除;砍掉”。

13. A)【句意】格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。

【难点】fine意为“处…以罚金”;charge意为“要(价)，收(费)，要(人)支付(钱)”;pun ish意为“罚，惩罚”;pose意为“造成，引起(困难)”。

14. B)【句意】现代技术所引发的问题也许比它所能解决的要多。

【难点】technique意为“技法;具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技术”;tactics意为“战术，兵法，策略”;tendency意为“倾向”。

15. C)【句意】玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。

【难点】sound意为“作声，发声，响”;ring意为“鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”;tick意为“发出滴哒声”;h um意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”。

16. C)【句意】在这种强大的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。

【难点】intensive意为“加强的;集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的;笨重的”;intense意为“强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的;粗壮的”。

17. C)【句意】当然，大多数移民不是一夜之间就发财的，但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。

【难点】maximum意为“最大限量;最高点”;minority意为“少数，半数以下”;majority意为“大多数”;minimum意为“最低限度，最低点”。

18. A)【句意】南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶，因为他们似乎是一对快乐的夫妇。

【难点】split up意为“分裂，离婚”;break down意为“(精神方面)垮掉;(健康)变得衰弱;崩溃”;fall through意为“失败;成为泡影”;knock out意为“使筋疲力尽”。

19. B)【句意】这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。

【难点】condition意为“状况;形势”;situation意为“位置，地点，环境”;state意为“状态，情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意，名声”。

20. D)【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说，到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。

【难点】sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉的，不省人事的”;se nsitive意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”。

21. B)【句意】他们的大孩子被彻底宠坏了，因为他要什么，他们就给什么。

【难点】waste意为“使衰弱;使消瘦”;sp oil意为“宠坏，溺爱”;destroy意为“破坏;毁灭”;u neducated意为“未受(良好)教育的”。

22. C)【句意】如果一种物质溶解在水里或被加热，它可能释放出一种气体。

【难点】give into为非固定搭配;give over意为“托付，交托”;give off意为“散发”;give away意为“送掉，分发(奖品)等”。

23. C)【句意】他那平易近人的风度使得博拉立刻放松了情绪。

【难点】at peace意为“和平地”;at large意为“自由地;大体地”;at e ase意为“不拘束”;at best意为“至多”。

24. A)【句意】——你明天能休一天吗?

——呵，我要征得老板的允许。

【难点】permission意为“允许”;permit意为“许可证”;allowance意为“津贴”;possession意为“拥有”。

25. C)【句意】詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业进步。

【难点】weakness意为“弱点;嗜好”;merit意为“优点，长处”;defect意为“缺点，缺陷”;s hortcoming意为“缺点，短处”。

基础英语语法练习题

基础英语语法练习题 第一套（全十六单元） Unit 1 1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2. It's no good _______ over split milk. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry 3. Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 4. The classroom wants __________. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 5. Jack said that he wouldn't mind ___________ for us. A. o wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 6. My brother keeps _________ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 7. We should often practise _________ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 8. Keep on _________ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying 9. Don’t forget ________ the notebook with you when you go to the lecture. A. to take B. to carry C. to send D. to bring 10. You’d better ________ her, it would only worry her. A. not tell B. tell C. to tell D. not to tell 11. The librarian work is ________ the books in the library. A. takes care of B. take care of C. to take care of D. taking care of 12. Her parent’s won’t let her ________ out with her boyfriend. A. goes B. to go C. going D. go 13. I asked her _______ with us. A. when to go B. when he will go C. if he will go D. that he would go 14. I have not got a chair ________. A. for sitting B. to sit on C. to sit D. for sitting on 15. My mother often tells me ________ in the sun A. not to read B. don’t read C. doesn’t read D. not read 16____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 17 ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which

牛津译林版高中英语模块一 和模块二语法复习

2014年秋季一加一教育高一年级英语讲义（二十） 模块一﹠二语法复习 编写人：蔡丹丹审核人：刘老师 2015/1/6 Part I 模块一语法定语从句复 1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that th ey stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have show n C. that has been shown this year D. that you tal ked 9. Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. th at you talked 10. The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12. The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. wi th whom 13. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who’s C. which D. whose

模块五第二单元语法现在分词

Teaching Plan for Grammar inUnit 2 Module 5 Teaching Aims 1.Help Ss understand verbing form as an adjective or adverb 2.Master a verb-ing as attributive, predicative, object complement ect. Teaching difficult points 1.How to use verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb 2.How to use verb-ing phrases Teaching steps; Step1 Lead-in 1.The children stopped____as the teacher came in A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked 2. If he can stop them ____there ,I will do it A.go B.to go C.gone D.going 3. He is quite used _____in all sorts of weather A.fly B.to fly C.to flying D.to flied 4. Doctor Bethune went on_____throughtout the night A.work B.worked C.to work D.working 5. Your shoes are dirty .They need____badly A.wash B.washed C.to wash D.Washing Step2 1.Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb *Attribute It is a very moving film and it is well worth seeing Canada is an English-speaking country The girl sitting in the corner is my best friend. *Predicative Your journey in Kerya is really exciting What you did was disappointing. *Object complement We find the journey to America exciting. I heard someone playing the violin in the next room. 注:在see hear watch feel notice等动词后，用现在分词构成的复合宾语，表示动作正在进行。而动词原形则表示动作的全过程，即动作已结束。 We saw the teacher making the experiment. Isaw the girl get into the car and drive off. 2.A verb-ing can be used after verbs like stand,sit,lie .These two action are happening at the same time. They stood talking to each other . They stood when they were talking to each other. 3.A verb-ing has a perfect form , eg having worked,

考研英语语法大全———自己总结

考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：

即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

牛津版模块二语法填空

英语模块二语法填空 1. American police have stepped up their search for Justin Foster, who went (miss) last Friday night. His mother became worried and told her husband to call the police when Justin did not show for lunch. That evening, Justin returned home after the game. Witnesses also said that they saw Justin walking toward his home. Justin’s sister, Kelly heard him put on his 3. (favour) CD and she also saw a large space ship (fly) outside. There was a flash of light, and she heard Justin shout. Mavis Wood said that once she was taken away by aliens so 5. ____________________ they could do research on her. The whole experience was frightening just like 6. ______________ terrible dream. The re’s really no hard evidence that Justin is taken away by aliens, the police haven’t ( dismiss )the idea. Detective Sam Peterson, has taken charge of the case, said that they were looking into other possibilities and they would not give up until they found out what had (happen). 2 Life on Earth Professor Zyke of Mars University reported yesterday that he has 1__________ (find ) new evidence of life on Earth. "it's really quite 2 __________ (amaze)," Professor Zyker said. "If you look at the Earth hard enough, you can see that the 3 ___________ (creature ) on Earth have been busy in the construction of large cities, wide roads and even great walls." This news was 4 ______________ (immediate) dismissed with laughter by other scientists at Mars University. They remember 5___________ incident a few years ago, where it was believed that a spaceship from the Earth was 6 ____________ (take ) photos of the surface of Mars. As we now know, the machine 7_______ was found looked more like something 8 __________ (make ) by a local schoolboy than anything that could ever travel in space. Professor Zyker, however, continued to defend 9 __________ (he)research. "If astronomers would just look into what I have found, they will see that I'm not making up things. There really is life 10_______ Earth." 3 My elder brother and (go) on a trip to Africa. We leave London on 15th July, and we will be flying to Morocco. We are going to ride camels the Sahara Desert. After the trip by camel, we’re going to travel down the River Neil, 3 _______ the water is quite rough, so we will go white-water rafting. It’s quite dangerous, but very exciting! Then, we are going on a trip 4. _____________ (see) wild animals in Kenya. As we will be walking for almost two weeks, I’ll need to buy a large, strong, light backpack in advance to carry our (supply) of food and water. We’ll try to get as close as (possibility) to the wild animals such as elephants, lions, and giraffes, so that we can have some really good photos (take). It is dangerous, so our guide will have guns to scare the animals away they come too close. I really want to see elephant up close. After that, we will （move） on to Tanzania. The African part of our trip will take about four weeks.

高二模块五第二单元课文语法填空

M5 Unit 2 The environment 重点的短语和用法 1. environmental protection 环境保护 2. protect/ preserve the environment保护环境 3. open the floor有发言权 4. harm/damage the environment破坏环境 5. follow the schedule for sth按照……的日程表 6. voice sth表达出…… 7. large amounts of大量的 8. see/think of …as…将…视为… 9. flow into流入 10. wipe out消灭 11. have a lasting effect upon/on有着持久的影响 12. in addition另外13. cut back on sth减少…… 14. be concerned about 关心/担忧 15. pour…into把……倒入 16. large numbers of大量的 17. work side by side with sb和……共事 18. run a factory 经营一家工厂 19. a stable economy 稳定的经济 20. a healthy and friendly environment 21. keep… in mind 记住……; 想着…... 22. be willing to do sth.愿意做某事 23. present one’s point陈述某人的观点 24. solar energy 太阳能 25. make a final decision做最后决定 26. start a campaign for发起一次……运动 27. ask around四处打听28. work on 从事 29. nature reserve自然保护区 30. run out of用完，用光31. draw a conclusion得出结论 32. pass sth on to sb 把……传给…… 33. in the form of以……形式 34. pick out挑选出35. focus on 36. under way在进行中 37. be stocked with 储备有…… 38. due to 39. as a result of 结果 40. on account of因为 41. deposit sth into把…..存入…… 42. rely on依靠. 43. result in结果，导致 44. be under way to do sth 正在干…… 45. be home to ……的发源地，……之家 46. be prohibited from doing sth禁止做某事 47. decide on sth 决定

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/39913870.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

英语语法单项选择题

单选题专练姓名：____________ 实战演练第一套 ( )21. Dave is a funny man. He often makes his friends______. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing ( ) is your cousin’s home from here --It’s about two hour’s drive A. How long far C. How soon ( ) have been doing much better in English _____our teacher’s help. A. for B. under C. with ( )! Is Mr John giving a report in the hall --No, it_____be has gone to Japan. A. can’t not C. mustn’t ( ) often ___a walk with her mother around the lake after supper. A. take B. takes taking ( ) has a bad cold. She has to stay in____bed.

A. a B. / C. the ( ) don’t know the singer_____is popular with the students. A. whose B. who C. Which ( )28. We are happy to see our city is developing___these years than before. B. more quickly C. the most quickly ( ) International Ceramic Fair(醴陵瓷博会)____in March,2015. A. held B. is held C. was held ( ) father. They are both clever and quie A. takes out B. takes after off ( ) big screen Zhongying Cinema has! a B. What C. How ( ) should get up now, ______you will be late. B. or C. but ( ) is ______time that Mr Wen has been to this school. A. two B. second C. the second ( ) I use your pen, Mike __________is broken. A. Mine B. My C. Me ( ) me, could you please tell me _____ --Sure. You can buy it on the Internet. A. where can I get the ticket. B. where I can get the ticket C. how do you get the ticket 实战演练第二套 ( )21. I wouldn’t mind ______ a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well. A. having have C. have ( ) Mr Black lives happily with his three them are part of his family. A. Both. B. All. C. Neither. ( ) and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work___underground. A. in B. with ( ) is singing in the garden It _____be Mr Brown. He always practices singing at this time. ’t B. must C. need ( )25. Tom will tell us something about his trip to Japan when he____back. A. came B. comes C. will come ( )26. Beijing is one of_____ cities in China. A. the big B. biggest C. the biggest ( ) old people love to live in a small village__is beautiful and quiet. A. which B. where C. who ( )28. It is reported that____ people died on March 25th because of the heavy storm in that area(区域，地区)。 A. five thousands B. five thousands of C. thousands of ( ) you know how often the young trees______ . watered B. should be watered C. was watered ( ) ears when you are can use earplugs(耳塞) to stop water getting into your ears. A. Take after B. Take part in C. Take care of ( ) of my classmates think Jack is _____honest boy. A. a ( ) you like to go to the cartoon show with me this evening

高一牛津英语模块一,二_语法练习

语法复习模块二 I 1—Alice’s second-hand computer_____ wrong although she used it only once. A goes B has gone C is going D had gone 2 Robert _____me his address the other day, but I’m afraid I ____it. A had given; lost B has given; have lost C gave ; have lost D gives; lost 3 I____ nothing about it before you told me the news A know B knew C had known D has known 4 --What ____these days? Still busy writing your new book? --Yes, I think I can finish it next week. A do you do B have you been doing C have you done D did you do 5 --what was the film like? --Well，I____ it____ very interesting. A thought; would be B thought; may be C think; is going to be D think;will be 6 It was the third time that he ____us about his story. A has told B told C is telling D had told 7 I forget what I was taught, I only remember what I_____.

语言学流派 系统 功能学派

语言学流派系统功能学派 语言学流派系统功能学派 语言学,流派,功能学派,系统 系统功能学派的兴起，与整个语言学的功能主义思潮有关。功能主义(functionalism)指的是当代语言学界与形式主义相对峙的一种学术思潮。它旨在通过语言在社会交际中应实现的功能来描写和解释各种语言的音系的、语法的和语义的语言学特征。在这个学术思潮中，有几个主要的学派影响比较大，它们是布拉格学派伦敦学派。 布拉格学派一直是语言学界公认的一个功能主义学派，它所说的功能主要包括语言在交际行为中的功能、语言在社会中的作用、语言在文学中的功能以及从功能观点看语言在不同层次方面的问题。伦敦学派的兴起稍为晚一点，由英国语言学家弗思教授开创，后来由他的学生韩礼德(M.A.K.Halliday)教授继承和发展，形成现在人们称之为系统功能语言学的学派。韩礼德从20世纪70年代以来陆续发表了很多著述，建立起系统功能语法的理论体系，成为语言学中一个独树一帜的的学派。 系统功能语法学派的语言学家门每年举行一次系统理论讨论会。第一届至第八届在英国召开。随着影响的扩展和队伍的扩大，1982年第九届年会在加拿大召开，这标志着该学派的理论已具有国际影响。1985年美国密执安大学举办第十二届年会，由于到美国是布龙菲尔德结构主义和乔姆斯基转换生成语法学派的堡垒，所以在美国举行这样的大会具有深远意义。到今天，功能主义已经与形式主义成为语言学研究中的两大思潮。 系统功能语法包括"系统语法"和"功能语法"两个部分，但这不是两种语法的简单总和，而是一种完整的语言理论框架的两个不可分割的方面。

系统语法或系统语法学着重说明语言作为系统的内部底层关系，它是与意义相关联的可供人们不断选择的若干个子系统组成的系统网络，又称"意义潜势"。语言作为符号的一种，在表述说话人想要表达的语义时，必然要在语言的各个语义功能部分进行相应的选择。功能语法重点需要说明的是:语言是社会交 往的工具，语言系统是人们在长期交往中为了实现各种不同的语义功能而逐渐形成起来的;人们在交往中需要在语言系统中进行选择时，也是根据所要实现的功能而进行有动因的活动。 系统功能语法的六个核心思想是: 1.纯理功能的(metafunctional)思想。 韩礼德认为语言的性质决定人们对语言的要求，即语言所必须完成的功能。这种功能千变万化，具有无限的可能性，但其中有着若干个有限的抽象的功能，这就是"纯理功能"，或称"元功能"。它包括三个方面: 语言是对存在于客观世界的过程和事物的反映，这是"经验(experiential) 功能;语言是社会人的有意义的活动，是做事的手段，是动作，因此其功能之一是反映人与人之间的关系，这是"人际(interpersonal)功能;实际使用中的语言的基本单位不是词或句这样的语法单位，而是"语篇"，它表达相对地说来是比较完整的思想，这样的由说话人将上述两种功能组织起来成为语篇的功能称"语篇功能"。 2.系统的思想。 语言不是所有合乎语法的句子的集合，因此对语言的解释应用意义的有规则的源泉--意义潜势来解释。韩礼德认为结构是过程的底层关系，是从潜势中衍生的，而潜势可以更好得用聚合关系来表达，因此韩礼德的系统的思想是把语言系统解释成一种可进行语义选择的网络，当有关系统的每个步骤一一实现后，就可以产生结构。

英语语法大全(看这个一辈子够用了,适合打印)

英语语法大全 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books 仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。

动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表： 与名词变复数形式相同，读音也相同。 动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。规则动词的拼写和读音规则如下表：