日本樱花英文介绍
SAKURA
Cherry blossoms are indigenous to many East Asian states including Japan, Korea, and China. Japan has a wide variety of cherry blossoms: well over 200 cultivars can be found there.
Flower viewing
"Hanami"花見is the Japanese traditional custom of
enjoying the beauty of flowers, "flower" in this case almost
always meaning cherry blossoms or ume blossoms. From the
end of March to early May, sakura bloom all over Japan. The
blossom forecast (桜前線, sakurazensen, literally cherry
blossom front) is announced each year by the weather
bureau, and is watched carefully by those planning hanami as
the blossoms only last a week or two. In modern-day Japan,
hanami mostly consists of having an outdoor party beneath
the sakura during daytime or at night. Hanami at night is
called yozakura (夜桜, literally night sakura). In many places such as Ueno Park temporary paper lanterns are hung for the purpose of yozakura.
A more ancient form of hanami also exists in Japan, which is enjoying the plum blossoms (梅ume) instead. This kind of hanami is popular among older people, because they are more calm than the sakura parties, which usually involve younger people and can sometimes be very crowded and noisy.
History
The practice of hanami is many centuries old. The custom is said to have started during the Nara Period (710–794) when it was ume(梅:うめ) blossoms that people admired in the beginning. But by the Heian Period (794–1185), sakura came to attract more attention and hanami was synonymous with sakura. From then on, in tanka and haiku, "flowers" meant "sakura."
Hanami was first used as a term analogous to cherry blossom viewing in the Heian era novel Tale of Genji. Whilst a wisteria viewing party was also described, from this point on the terms "hanami" and "flower party" were only used to describe cherry blossom viewing.
Sakura originally was used to divine that year's harvest as well as announce the rice-planting season. People believed in kami inside the trees and made offerings. Afterwards, they partook of the offering with sake.
Emperor Saga of the Heian Period adopted this practice, and held flower-viewing parties with sake and feasts underneath the blossoming boughs of sakura trees in the Imperial Court in Kyoto. Poems would be written praising the delicate flowers, which were seen as a metaphor for life itself, luminous and beautiful yet fleeting and ephemeral. This was said to be the origin of hanami in Japan.
The custom was originally limited to the elite of the Imperial Court, but soon spread to samurai society and, by the Edo period, to the common people as well. Tokugawa Yoshimune planted areas of cherry blossom trees to encourage this. Under the sakura trees, people had lunch and drank sake in cheerful feasts.
Today, the Japanese people continue the tradition of hanami, gathering in great numbers
people fill the parks to hold feasts under the flowering
trees, and sometimes these parties go on until late at
night. In more than half of Japan, the cherry blossoming
period coincides with the beginning of the school and
fiscal years, and so welcoming parties are often opened
with hanami. The Japanese people continue the
tradition of hanami by taking part in the processional
walks through the parks. This is a form of retreat for
contemplating and renewing their spirits.
The teasing proverb dumplings rather than flowers
(花より団子, hana yori dango) hints at the real priorities for most cherry blossom viewers, meaning that people are
more interested in the food and drinks accompanying a hanami party than actually viewing the flowers themselves. (A punning variation, Boys Over Flowers (花より男子, Hana Yori Dango), is the title of a manga and anime series.)
Dead bodies are buried under the cherry trees! is a popular saying about hanami, after the opening sentence of the 1925 short story "Under the Cherry Trees" by Motojirō Kajii.
Emperor Saga (嵯峨天皇Saga-tennō) (786-842) of the Heian Period adopted this custom, and celebrated parties to view the flowers with sake and feasts under the blossoming branches of sakura trees in the Imperial Court in Kyoto. This was said to be the origin of hanami in Japan. Poems were written praising the delicate flowers, which were seen as a metaphor for life itself; beautiful, but lasting for a very short time. This "temporary" view of life is very popular in Japanese culture and is usually considered as an admirable form of existence; for example, in the samurai's principle of life ending when it's still beautiful and strong, instead of slowly getting old and weak. The Heian era poets used to write poems about how much easier things would be in spring without the sakura blossoms, because their existence reminded us that life is very short: ’’If there were no cherry blossoms in this world
How much more tranquil our hearts would be in spring.’’
Ariwara no Narihira (825 - 880) Hanami was used as a term that meant "cherry blossom viewing" for the first time in the Heian era novel Tale of Genji (花宴Hana no En, "Under the Cherry Blossoms"). From then on, in tanka (短歌) and in haiku (俳句) poetry, "flowers" meant "sakura", and the terms "hanami" and "flower party" were only used to mean sakura blossom viewing. At the beginning, the custom was followed only by the Imperial Court, but the samurai nobility also began celebrating it during the Azuchi-Momoyama Period (1568–1600). In those years, Toyotomi Hideyoshi gave great hanami parties in Yoshino and Daigo, and the festivity became very popular through all the Japanese society. Shortly after that, farmers began their own custom of climbing nearby mountains in the springtime and having lunch under the blooming cherry trees. This practice, called then as the "spring mountain trip", combined itself with that of the nobles' to form the urban culture of hanami. By the Edo Period (1600–1867), all the common people took part in the celebrations, in part because Tokugawa Yoshimune(徳川吉宗, November 27, 1684 - July 12, 1751, the eighth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his
abdication in 1745.) planted areas of cherry blossom trees to encourage this. Under the sakura
trees, people had lunch and drank sake in cheerful feasts.
The blossom forecast is announced each year by the Japan Meteorological Agency, and is watched with attention by those who plan to celebrate hanami because the blossoms last for very little time, usually no more than two weeks. The first cherry blossoms happen in the subtropical southern islands of Okinawa, while on the northern island of Hokkaido, they bloom much later. In most large cities like Tokyo, Kyoto and Osaka, the cherry blossom season normally takes place around the end of March and the beginning of April. The television and newspapers closely follow this "cherry blossom front", as it slowly moves from South to North. The hanami celebrations usually involve eating and drinking, and playing and listening music. Some special dishes are prepared and eaten at the occasion, like dango and bento, and it's common for sake to be drunk as part of the festivity. "Dead bodies are buried under the cherry trees!" (桜の樹の下には屍体が埋まっている！Sakura no ki no shita ni wa shitai ga umatte iru!) is a popular saying about hana mi, after the first line of the 1925 short story "Under the Cherry Trees" by Motojirō Kajii.
Symbolism日本人の精神の象徴
In Japan cherry blossoms also symbolize clouds due to their nature of blooming en masse, besides being an enduring metaphor for the ephemeral nature of life, an aspect of Japanese cultural tradition that is often associated with Buddhistic influence, and which is embodied in the concept of mono no aware. The association of the cherry blossom with mono no aware dates back to 18th-century scholar Motoori Norinaga. The transience of the blossoms, the extreme beauty and quick death, has often been associated with mortality; for this reason, cherry blossoms are richly symbolic, and have been utilized often in Japanese art, manga, anime, and film, as well as at musical performances for ambient effect. There is at least one popular folk song, originally meant for the shakuhachi (bamboo flute), titled "Sakura", and several pop songs. The flower is also represented on all manner of consumer goods in Japan, including kimono, stationery, and dishware.
Cherry blossom is an omen of good fortune and is also an emblem of love, affection and represents spring. Cherry blossoms are an enduring metaphor for the fleeting nature of life, and as such are frequently depicted in art.
During World War II, the cherry blossom was used to motivate the Japanese people, to stoke nationalism and militarism among the populace. Japanese pilots would paint them on the sides of their planes before embarking on a suicide mission, or even take branches of the trees with them on their missions. A cherry blossom painted on the side of the bomber symbolized the intensity and ephemerality of life; in this way, the aesthetic association was altered such that falling cherry petals came to represent the sacrifice of youth in suicide missions to honor the emperor. The government even encouraged the people to believe that the souls of downed warriors were reincarnated in the blossoms.
In its colonial enterprises, imperial Japan often planted cherry trees as a means of "claiming occupied territory as Japanese space".
关于日本樱花的唯美句子
关于日本樱花的唯美句子 本文是关于关于日本樱花的唯美句子，仅供参考，希望对您有所帮助，感谢阅读。 关于日本樱花的唯美句子 一到日本，每个角落都可以看见粉红色、白色的樱花树，每隔几米便有一株。在这个樱花盛开的季节，许多地方更成了一个樱花海，当清风吹过，樱花便纷纷散落，像是下了一场纷纷扬扬的小雪。 飘落的樱花仿佛舞着的精灵，划过人的发梢，绕着人的衣角，香了风，也香了人衣裳。校园的樱花开了，那紧锁的心扉，是否还敞开着，按响三月的门铃，樱花微微一笑，将我锁在春雨的季节里。再见樱花，又是在雨中。那日，雨蕴春意，飘飘洒洒，珞珈山也就显得格外的空灵。在樱园，在樱花大道上，满是撑着伞赏花的人。而我却瘦瘦的站在热闹的人群之外，心境如同这雨中的樱花，出奇的宁静与平和。不太久远的梦想。总能在这样的时刻，随着一片片雨，滑过樱花的边际，款步在我灵魂的阡陌。樱花，在纷纷的雨中。雨中的樱花，却在我们不经意的时候，宁静成一种深刻的纪念，是的，在珞珈山的日子，当是我们最幸运的时光，心怀最纯洁的愿望。片片樱花在风中婀娜着，那飘零的红晕依然含情脉脉，此番良景，如若再来上花间一壶酒，便全应了那句咏樱诗了，诗曰：“婀娜拔香拂酒壶，惟有春风独自扶。”三月，正是繁花盛开的季节，所以，就让我们走进三月，一起去赏一赏那最美丽，最有代表性的“花仙子”春天最喜欢的花是樱花。常常在一夜之间，迅猛地开放。突如其来，势不可挡。然后在风中坠落。没有任何留恋。日本人称之为花吹雪。“花如樱美，人若武士威”，日本情怀的春樱花，此时点火蔓延；无论你喜爱含苞欲滴、绽放五分，还是独爱展颜七分、倾力奔放，不容否认，燃烧热切的粉粉樱色，一生终该相见一次。每当临近樱花绽放的时节，走过樱花树下，人们总会满心期待地望望樱树枝头，这变成日本人的春天习俗之一。体会了这般的心情，每当樱花枝头上饱满的花苞绽放吐蕊，或白或粉红的花瓣为街道染上一层新妆的时候，散步在街道上都显的脚步轻松、心情愉快。日本栽植着为数众多的樱花树；处处是让您心神舒畅、悠然忘归的赏樱好地方，赏樱名胜遍布其中。淡淡的月光如从天泻下的水银，肆无忌惮地拥抱着艳艳的樱花，分明是它用过了力，凄艳地还在淌着鲜血。记
日本人和樱花
附件二 图书分类号： 密级： 毕业论文(设计) 日本人与樱花 姓名 学号 专业 指导教师 年月日
摘要 樱花原产自中国，在日本落地生根，因其浓烈绚烂、气势宏大又有骤然凋零的凄美而受到日本人的喜爱。经过近千年的发展，樱花已经融入了日本人生活的点点滴滴，每年樱花花开时节形成的樱前线浪潮更是日本人的一场狂欢。樱花在日本早已不仅仅只是一道风景，更是一种象征乃至一种精神。樱花的集合之美象征着日本国民的团体精神，樱花的凋零之美真是日本武士道精神的完美诠释，也解读了日本人“物哀”的审美意识。花开时，心系团队，绚烂精彩；花落时，果断干脆，作为个体的内敛、作为团体的张扬，这是樱花的性格，也是日本人的民族精神。本文解读了樱花对日本生活和文化的影响，以此来拓展我们对日本美学与文化的认识。 关键词：樱花；日本；文化；精神
目录 引言 (2) 1樱花前线和举国赏樱 (2) 2樱花和社会生活 (3) 3樱花与日本文化 (3) 3.1集体意识 (3) 3.2武士道精神 (4) 3.3“物哀”的审美意识 (5) 结束语 (5) 致谢 (6) 参考文献 (6)
引言 樱花盛开在让人心旷神怡的初春。骤开骤落。因为是一起开放，一树树的樱花像一团团粉红的云，灿烂夺口。凋谢的时候也很壮烈干脆，不污不染。一朵樱花并不起眼，但放眼望去满树的樱花却蔚为壮观，让人感受到的是无与伦比的华丽和迫力。樱花盛开的时候可以沿着樱花前线从九州一直到北海道观赏竞相绽放的樱花。谢世时节，满树的樱花纷纷飘落，像是阵阵花雨，美不胜收，成为日本最独特的风景线[1]。 樱花原产自中国，在日本落地生根，与日本的地理气候、文化风土相吻合，成为成为大和民族的象征，以此日本也被誉为“樱花之国”。樱花对日本人来说是春的象征，日语中的“樱时”，意思就是“春天的时节”。当四月来临，樱花从气温高些的南方向北方逐渐盛开时，真的是“深红浅紫从争发，雪白鹅黄也斗开”，可称得上是“重重叠叠上瑶台，几度呼童扫不开”。日本人对樱花的喜爱有上千年的历史，作为日本国花的樱花，不同于代表日本皇室的菊花，它代表着整个日本民族，体现了日本民族基本的性格特点，深受日本民众的宠爱。应该说全世界没有哪个民族像日本人那样爱樱花，甚至也没有任何国家爱一种植物达到日本人爱樱花一样的痴迷和疯狂。在日本，樱花已经成为一种文化，这种文化是生活，是精神，是信仰。 1樱花前线和举国赏樱 由于地理与气候的原因，每年的3月至6月，樱花从最南端的冲绳，一直开到北海道。最北端的稚内市，樱花盛开季节已经是6月底，比冲绳要晚3个月。把樱花开花时期相同的地区用线连接起来，宛如气象图的前线，所以樱花由南向北开放的锋线被称为樱花前线。在日本一到3月左右，电视、广播电台、报纸等新闻媒体在预报天气的情况的同时，也要发布预测樱花开花的消息。待到樱花烂漫时，人们便迫不急待地倾巢而出，遍赏樱花，乐此而不疲。而几天后，人们又为片片樱花的凋零而惋惜，也会为那落花流水的壮烈之美而心醉。可以说世界上还没有任何一个国家的民族会因为一种花的盛开而举国上下沸腾不已 每年的3月15日至4月15日，是日本政府规定的“樱花节”。每年这个时候，皇室和内阁总理都要在皇家花园奉行盛大的“观樱会”，宴请并表彰各行各业的优秀人士。一般的企事业单位，不管工作多忙，都会放假半天，或提早下班，并为员工们准备好各
纽约英文介绍文字版
New York Climate Climate is very important message we can know what kind of clothes we should prepare. The New York climate is Temperate continental. Cold and dry in winter. Dry and hot in summer. In spring and autumn you can feel four season in one day. Building Central Park Central Park plays an essential role for everyday lives of New Yorkers by providing 843 acres of paths. lakes and open spaces for escaping the din and chaos of the surrounding city. Visitors to New York City are often impressed with Central Park's beauty and size, making it a wonderful place for visitors to New York City to enjoy a bit of relaxation and get a better sense of what it's like to live in New York City. Metropolitan Museum of Art One of New York City's most popular tourist attractions, the Metropolitan Museum of Art welcomes over 5 million visitors a year. The Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection and special exhibits offer something for everyone -- from Ancient Egyptian Vases and Roman Statues to Tiffany Stained Glass and Rembrandt Paintings there is something for nearly everyone. If you're overwhelmed by the sheer size and breadth of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection, take a Highlights Tour The Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the United States in honor of the friendship established during the French Revolution. The Statue of Liberty has become an American symbol of freedom and welcome to the immigrants who come to the USA looking for a better life. Broadway It is a long street which is 25 km long. Many famous theatres has gathered there, so Broadway has become the symbol of the operas of world. Grand Central Terminal Grand Central Terminal is a beautiful Beaux3-arts building in midtown Manhattan. First opened in 1913, Grand Central Terminal underwent a massive restoration to restore it to its former glory, and is now both a transportation hub, as well as a destination in itself for visitors to New York City. The Rockefeller Center The Rockefeller Center complex was conceived by John D. Rockefeller Jr. in early 1929 in the hopes of revitalizing恢复活力the area. Despite the stock market crash, construction continued, providing much needed employment during the Great Depression. This commercial complex of 19 buildings is worth visiting to experience the architecture and art, as well as to enjoy the area's shopping and dining. American Museum of Natural History Since opening to the public in 1869, the American Museum of Natural History has evolved and grown. In addition to the Rose Center planetarium and regular exhibits, the American Museum of Natural History hosts a revolving series of new exhibits, so there is always something new to see
日本的樱花发展历史和对日本国民文化的影响
日本的樱花发展历史和对日本国民文化的影响 董震东 大家普通认知中的樱花，生物学上统称蔷薇科樱属类的观花植物。《中国植物志》中显示，樱花主要生长于中国的西部和西南，还有朝鲜及日本。而实际上，近代科学和以往的文献都给出了充足的证据，中国的西南地区是樱花发迹的重要根据地。但另一个事实就是，源自中国西南的樱花属种，在最初时并未参与到现代观赏性樱花的杂交培育中，而目前广泛服务于观赏栽培用途的樱花属种，实际上大部分还是日本的本土樱花种。下面我就日本本土樱花品种的进化以及与日本文化的关联，通过网络搜索等手段，查阅了相关资料并做了一定归纳。 日本奈良时期开始（719年-794年），樱花已有最初记载。在日本，有一部跟《诗经》在中国的地位相仿的著作，叫做《万叶集》，只要对日本文化稍有了解的人都知道它是有史记录以来最早的日语诗歌总集。曾有人专门做过统计，在《万叶集》中，有118篇诗歌与梅花相关，而有46篇诗歌是与樱花有关的。在《万叶集》内涉及过各种花类里，樱花的提及度只排第四。 在日本奈良时期，某些东渡的中国僧侣把梅花种子带去日本作为礼物，于是梅花（也就是梅子）便被引入了日本。《万叶集》主要收录了公元4-8世纪期间的日本诗歌，从中国引入植物的盛行，体现了早期日本人吟咏花木的审美，受盛唐文化的左右极大。由于日本人对汉语“梅”发音的误传，梅花的学名后来才被叫做Prunus mume，特别是种名mume的念法直接来源于此。直至今日，日语中的“梅”仍被念做“ume”。总而言之，在奈良时代，日本人对樱花的喜欢只是一般程度，并未到最爱的程度，那种赏樱花的樱花文化远未成形，此时在日本民间社会提起花，人们想到最多的还是梅花，“花見”（赏花）的说法，也是指赏梅，而非赏樱。 而到了794年到1185年的平安时代，又出现了一本书，叫做《古今和歌集》，此书据说是编成于914年前后。在这个阶段，日本的风物文化的层次变得丰富的多，感受也更富季节性，而和歌、俳句里的“花”，也渐渐代指樱花而不再是梅花，并且已现压倒性优势。在这一点上，日文的维基百科上有一个很有象征性的例子： （1）《古今集》：难波津の咲くやこの花冬ごもり今は春べと咲くやこの花。 中文翻译：花开难波津，寒冬闭羞颜。今春满地堂，花开香芬芳。 此处的“花”，寒冬吐香，自是梅花无疑； （2）纪友则：ひさかたの光のどけき春の日にしづ心なく花ぞ散るらむ。 中文翻译：今朝春日里，本拟共芳尊。无奈樱花落，纷纷乱我心。 这里的“花”，春日散落，就是樱花了。 注：纪友则为三十六歌仙之一，活跃于平安时代前期（845？-907）。（引自《樱花对于日本文化是怎样的一种存在？》蔓玫） 在日本本土的樱花品种中，最美丽的有两种，东京樱花和大山樱，这两种樱花是当今世界观赏性樱花的主流品种。可见，日本人产生樱花情节的主要原因并非是对中华传统文化的传承，而是他们珍惜并发展了自己的自然和文化。 日本在过去的传统农耕社会中，对四季和节气风物的关注成为日本当地文化的形成因素之一。樱花渐渐成为了春日的重要标志。在日本民间社会，“田打樱”的习俗跟传统中国的“春社”很相似，而樱花成为了代指这一习俗的元素。而随后产生的“花见”，也被某些学者认为是源自“田打樱”，当然，这就是官方和上层社会的事情了。 平安时代到来之后，民间对于樱花和梅花的审美变化也受到了政治变化的左右。在这里，有一个政治人物需要提及，他就是嵯峨天皇（809-823在位）。此前的女性天皇持统天皇（690-697年在位）就爱赏樱花，但真正把赏樱仪式化，并且在宫廷里种满樱花的人，却是这位持统天皇。 不得不说，日本赏樱文化的渐行，与日本渐渐脱离盛唐模式，开始发展自己成熟的日本文
武大樱花英文导游词
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202X日本最佳赏樱点.doc
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樱花会在什么季节开放
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大田4月 7日4月 3日(+4) 清州4月 10日4月 14日(-4) 首尔4月 11日4月 15日(-4) 仁川4月 15日4月 17日(-2) 江陵4月 10日4月 9日(+1) 春川4月 13日4月 15日(-2) 扩展阅读 樱花 樱花(学名：Cerasus ssp)：是蔷薇科樱属几种植物的统称，在《中国植物志》新修订的名称中专指东京樱花，亦称日本樱花。樱花品种相当繁多，数目超过三百种以上，其中自然野生种只有10余种，其他的则是通过园艺杂交所衍生得到的品种。樱花原产北半球温带环喜马拉雅山地区，在世界各地都有生长，主要在日本国生长。花每枝3到5朵，成伞状花序，花瓣先端缺刻，花色多为白色、粉红色。花常于3月与叶同放或叶后开花，随季节变化，樱花花色幽香艳丽，常用于园林观赏。樱花可分单瓣和复瓣两类，单瓣类能开花结果，复瓣类多半不结果。据文献资料考证，两千多年前的秦汉时期，樱花已在中国宫苑内栽培。唐朝时樱花已普遍出现在私家庭院。当时万国来朝，日本朝拜者将樱花带回了东瀛，其在日本已有1000多年的历史。樱花象征热烈、纯洁、高尚。被尊为日本国花。 樱花分布 樱花原产北半球温带喜玛拉雅山地区，包括印度北部、中国长江流域、
英语论文白鲸开题报告
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