全国通用版2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit5Firstaid讲义新人教版必修5

Unit 5

First aid

1aid n ．& vt .帮助；援助；资助 First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.(教材P 33)

急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。

(1)????? come to one's aid 帮助某人with the aid of 在……的帮助下

in aid of 用以援助……

(2)????? aid sb in (doing ) sth 在(做)某事方面帮助某人aid sb with sth 以某事/物帮助某人

aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事

①She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come to her aid.

如果那些好心人不来帮助她，她相信这个故事会有不同的结局。

②We are collecting money in aid of the people who have lost their homes in the earthquake.

我们正集资以资助那些在地震中失去家园的人。

2vital adj .至关重要的；生死攸关的

If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.(教材P 35)

如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。

be vital to 对……至关重要

It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要

It is vital that…(should) do sth……是十分重要的

It's vital that we (should )_not_lower (not lower) safety standards as life is the most important in the world.

我们绝不能降低安全标准，这是至关重要的，因为在世界上生命是最宝贵的。

3treat vt .& vi .治疗；对待；款待

n ．款待；招待 John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.(教材P 38)

约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。

(1)treat ????? sb like/as 把某人当……看待sb well/badly 对待某人好/不好

sth seriously 认真对待某事/某物

sb/oneself to 用……招待/款待sb for 治疗某人的……病

(2)It's my treat.我请客。

(3)treatment n ．治疗；处理；对待 ①Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.

不要把这件严肃的事情当作笑料。

②She spent her early years treating her patients for all kinds of diseases and injuries.

她早年的时间都花在如何治疗患有各种各样疾病及受伤的病人上。 ③I'll treat you to lunch at the restaurant in front of our school. 我将请你在我们学校前面的餐馆吃午饭。

④Many patients are not getting the medical treatment (treat) they need. 许多病人都没有得到他们需要的医疗。

⑤For dessert we had fresh strawberries—a real treat.

饭后甜点我们吃新鲜的草莓——真是难得的享受。

4apply vt .涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi .申请；请求；使用；有效 He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.(教材P 38)

他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。

(1)apply ????? (to…) for (向……)申请……to 适用于……；适应………to将……搽到……上；把……运用到……中oneself to 致力于；集中精力于

(2)applicant n ．申请人

(3)application n ．申请；申请书；适用；应用

①Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning (learn) how to read and write.

后来，我决定把我以前的经验应用到学习怎样读和写中。

②To whom should I apply for a licence?

我应该向谁申请执照呢？

③Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine to it.

请用一块清洁的布清洗伤口，然后把药涂到上面。

④You will pass your exams only if you really apply yourself (you) to your study. 你只有专心学习，才能通过考试。

⑤The wide application (apply) of electronic computers in science and technology will free man from the labour of complicated measurement and computation.

电子计算机在科学技术方面广泛的应用将使人们从复杂的计量和计算中解脱出来。

1in place 在适当的位置；适当 Hold the bandage in place with tape.(教材P 35)

用胶带把绷带固定。

in place of

代替；取代 in the place of

在……位置上 out of place

不在适当的位置；不合适 in the first place

首先；第一 take place 发生；举行

take one's place 就座；代替

take the place of 代替；取代

①I'm afraid your proposal is not quite in place.

恐怕你的提案不太妥当。

②Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal.

现在塑料经常被用来代替木料或金属。

③A new school is set up in the place of the old one.

一座新学校在其旧址上建起来了。

④His frank statements were really out of place at the party.

他那番坦白话实在不适合在聚会上说。

⑤One of the first things we need to think about is what is life in the first place.

我们首先要思考的事情之一是生命最初是什么。

2make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.(教材P 38) 这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。

(1)????? make a difference to 对……有作用/有影响make some/no/little difference (to…)(对……)有/没作用或影响

(2)tell the difference (between…and…)辨别/区分(……与……)

①It makes no difference to me whether you go or not.

你去不去对我来说都一样。

②Does his absence make a difference to your work?

没有他，会影响你的工作吗？

③The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference between them.

这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨出来。

if necessary 如有必要

Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.(教材P34)

除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则就要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。

【句式点拨】

本句中的if necessary是状语从句的省略，目的是使语言简洁或避免重复。

在以if, when, though, as, as if等连词引导的从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it，且从句谓语部分是be动词时，可省去“主语＋be”部分。

①If necessary, we shall send a telegram home.

如有必要，我们就往家里发电报。

②Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.

如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。

③Whenever possible, he will come to my help.

一有机会他就来帮助我。

④While cycling, don't forget the traffic lights.

骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。

⑤When asked to dance, she said she couldn't.

被邀请跳舞时，她说她不会跳。

⑥Though tired, they went on working.

虽然累了，但他们仍继续工作。

Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)

1．The expert has a language barrier in attending such an important meeting, but he should be praised for his bravery (brave).

2．First aid is a form of help that is temporarily (temporary) given to someone

who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.

3．Her son is lying in bed, feeling pain, because he got injured with his right foot severely swollen (swell).

4．His father and mother were both killed within one day, leaving him unbearable (bear) hurt and pain for years.

5．The boy was badly bleeding. His deskmate gave him first aid immediately applying pressure to the wounded areas.

6．He emphasized that in this kind of recession, it is vital that government (should)_take (take) the lead.

7．We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it's very cold.

8．Detective Jones said that the victim was attacked with a knife and bled (bleed) to death as a result.

9．The government urged people to stay near their workplaces rather than risk a long walk home, as highways leading out of the city center were_choked (choke) and hotels rapidly filled up.

10．While pressure is often seen as a bad thing, if used (use) properly, it can actually be a good thing.

Ⅱ.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)

at all to our friendship.

1．Our different views of life made no differences

difference

an ice cream.

2．The teacher treated each of the children for

to

they realized they had left their 3．They had just covered three miles while

when

IDs at home.

it is necessary to know some knowledge of first 4．There is no doubt whether

that

aid as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.

5．The doctor advised her to eat more bean products in the place of meat which might be harmful to her heart.

great difference to the children in the small 6．What the volunteers did made ∧

a

village.

7．Though I told him over and over again to be careful when driven

， he wouldn't

driving

listen.

8．What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital ∧

obey traffic rules.

to

getting out of the atmosphere easily, so 9．Carbon dioxide prevents heat ∧

from

the earth is becoming warmer.

continuing 10．The moment he saw the poor girl on TV, he determined to aid her ∧

in

her study.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

You have three layers of skin, which act 1．as a barrier against damage. The complex functions of your skin are2．to_keep (keep) you warm or cool, and prevent your body from3．losing (lose) too much water. If your skin gets burned, first aid is a very important first step in the4．treatment (treat) of burns.

You may get burned by a5．variety (vary) of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity or chemicals. There are three types of burns6．depending (depend) on which layers of the skin are burned.

If you touch a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment, you will get first degree burns. The burns may affect the top layer of the skin. You can place cool, clean, wet cloths on them7．until the pain is not so bad.

If hot liquids pour on you, you will get second degree burns. You can keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water,8．squeezing (squeeze) them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again.

If the burns9．are_caused (cause) by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires, you may get third degree burns.10．It is vital to get yourself sent to the doctor or hospital immediately.

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018·广西师大附属外校高三模拟)Every day, people come into contact with thousands of chemicals. These chemicals are said to be harmless to human health. In fact, the chemicals are considered so safe that we wash with them. We put them on our bodies and even our faces. Other chemical products are used throughout our homes.

By the time you walk out of your front door, you have already been exposed to

thousands of chemicals.

On its own, each chemical seems harmless. But in combination with other chemicals, they may becom e deadly. That is the finding of a two-year study by a high-profile(高调的) task force of scientists. The task force was told to investigate the cancer-causing possibility of chemical mixtures.

Linda Gulliver was one of the 174 scientists on the task force. Their job was to study the cancer-causing potential of 85 chemicals. All 85 are said to be common in the environment.

Ms Gulliver explains that chemicals have the potential or ability to form dangerous mixtures. Even simple minerals can become dangerous when mixed with chemicals found in plastics or beauty products.

Working in groups, the scientists explored how different chemical mixtures could lead to cancer. Ms Gulliver's team looked at the ability of different combinations to support the increase of malignant(恶性的) human cells.

She says the current way to identify whether chemicals cause cancer is to test them one at a time. This method leads, she adds, to a long list of supposedly “safe” chemicals. She and her team say that approach needs to change.

“We definitely need certain research…to find out what mixtures of chemicals would be more harmful than others; what groups of chemicals, when together, would produce more harmful effects. And at the moment, that is not known.”

An estimated one in five cancers has been linked to chemical exposure. It may turn out that the cancer-causing villain(恶棍) is not a single chemical at all.

语篇导读

本文为科普说明文，揭示了多种安全的化学物质相混或成致癌物。

1．What effect may one single chemical have on us according to the text?

A．It may destroy our body. B．It may not cause danger to us.

C．It may let us suffer from cancer. D．It may let our body make a change.

解析B细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，一种化学物质可能不会对我们造成危害，故选B项。

2．What can we learn about Ms Gulliver's research?

A．She has found 85 cancer-causing chemicals.

B．She has found reasons for five kinds of cancers.

C．She has found that only one chemical can cause cancer.

D．She is not sure what mixtures of chemicals are more harmful.

解析D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，格利佛也不确定哪一种化学物质的混合物更具危害，故选D项。

3．According to the text, we can infer that the study ________.

A．is just wasting time and money B．is still in need of great efforts

C．will cause panic in public D．will be resisted by the public 解析B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可以推知，这项研究仍需要很大的努力，故选B 项。

4．What is the best title for the text?

A．Mixtures of Safe Chemicals May Cause Cancer

B．Being Exposed to One Chemical Is Dangerous

C．How Mixtures of Safe Chemicals Come into Being？

D．What Is the Real Cause for Cancer?

解析A标题归纳题。根据全文尤其是最后一段最后一句可知，文章主要揭示了多种安全的化学物质相混可能会形成致癌物，故选A项。

B

(状元桥原创)Many birds may be small, but they're great natural athletes. Every year, birds literally cross mountains, deserts and seas to reach their favorite breeding(繁殖) and feeding grounds. Arctic terns—each weighing about a fifth of a pound—migrate halfway around the world, flying to Greenland in spring and the South Pole in winter. Birds rarely go “as the crow flies”—in a direct line from Point A to PointB． So, how do they choose their routes?

Answering this question sheds light on what's likely a driving force in birds' evolution. Migration can be risky business, which means those migratory routes that have survived to this day likely have major benefits for those that take them, even if they might seem circuitous(迂回的) at first glance. Bird biologists have already figured out a few factors that make certain, longer routes better for birds, including avoiding the open ocean, and having safe rest stops along the way. Now, a new study offers evidence that birds consider annual wind patterns too. Together, these factors make certain paths appealing to birds of many kinds, creating the world's great migratory flyways.

To check the effect of wind on migratory routes, biologists created a mathematical model of more than a million potential migration routes, all around the world. They added 21 years' worth of worldwide wind data into the model. They then compared how long it would take a bird to fly between pairs of points around

the world if the bird took the shortest route, versus the wind-optimized (风向最佳的) route. Wind optimization could reduce the time it takes to migrate between places, the researchers found.

It's important to remember that a bird doesn't actually plan its migration. It may follow what it learned from its parents. A bird can't be able to predict what winds will blow over its route.

语篇导读

本文为说明文。每年，大量的鸟儿都会从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方，下面且看它们是如何选择迁徙线路的。

5．Why does the writer mention “Arctic terns” in the first paragraph?

A．Because they are rare birds that fly in a direct way.

B．Because they are the most intelligent birds that know where to migrate.

C．Because they are just examples of many birds that migrate with the season changes.

D．Because they are the heaviest birds that can migrate long in the world.

解析C细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，北极燕鸥虽然小但擅长飞，它只是文章开头第一句的一个例子而已：许多鸟类虽小，但他们是伟大的天生运动员，它们因季节的变化而迁移，故选C项。

6．How might the birds migrate all the way?

A．Swiftly. B．Visually.

C．Gracefully. D．Indirectly.

解析D细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，鸟类迁徙路线不是笔直的；第二段进一步说明为什么鸟类迁徙是迂回的，故选D项。

7．What factors might birds take into account when they are choosing their migration routes according to bird biologists?

A．Migration company. B．Wind pattern.

C．Breeding grounds. D．Challenging routes.

解析B细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在长途迁徙中，鸟类主要是要考虑这样几个因素：避免空旷的海域，拥有安全的休息站和风向，故选B项。

8．What is the best possible title for this passage?

A．The function of mathematical model

B．Bird migration routes

C．The effect of wind on bird migration

D．Natural athletes in the world

解析B标题归纳题。全文围绕着“鸟类为什么迁徙，如何选择迁徙线路，以及在迁徙的过程中如何利用风向”等问题展开，同时也告诉读者鸟类学家们对鸟类迁徙的线路的研究。B项3个关键词都出现并能概括文章大意。A、C和D项都是片面的信息，故选B项。

Ⅱ.语法填空

(2018·长郡中学高三实验班选拔)Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years. They may vary from place to place and time to time, but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people, 1．causing (cause) a far-reaching impact on the way the Ch inese lead their lives. The traditional Chinese marriage usually2．involves(involve) some necessary procedures, such as match-making, engagement, meeting the bride, and three bows.3．In addition, a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged,4．what follows is a5．choice (choose) of the date of their marriage.

Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends6．to attend(attend) the wedding. However, quite a few others, especially7．those in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. The wedding ceremony is usually hosted8．warmly (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with9．a unique banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, everlasting love and happiness, early birth of a10．healthy (health) baby and so on.

语篇导读

本文为说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。

1．causing解析考查非谓语动词。空处表示自然而然的结果，主语They和动词cause 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。

2．involves解析考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。

3．In解析考查介词。in addition此外，除此之外，为固定搭配。

4．what解析考查连词。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what引导该主语从句。

5．choice解析考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词。

6．to attend解析考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。

7．those解析考查代词。空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故用代词those。

8．warmly 解析 考查词性转换。副词作状语修饰动词hosted 。

9．a 解析 考查冠词。空后的banquet 为可数名词，表示泛指，且unique 的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a 。

10．healthy 解析 考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的名词baby ，表示“一个健康的婴儿”，故用形容词。

Ⅲ.短文改错

Dear Tom ，

I'm sorry to hear that you are having problems with your exams. You are not lonely alone ①. Many students have the same problems like as

② you do. You told me that you were so too

③ anxious to sleep well the night before an exam. Actually, it is very natural. To avoid ∧ being/feeling ④too nervous, you'd better not

take your grades serious seriously ⑤. If you had have

⑥ a proper attitude to the scores, you will sleep well and feel energetic.

You said you couldn't get into your normal state in an exam, ∧ and / that which

⑦ eventually resulted in your poor performance. I suggest you will/ will should

⑧ work hard at your lessons daily instead of sitting up before an exam. You must have confidence

in you yourself

⑨. When you feel confident, you can do as well as expected. Wish you a ⑩

greater progress in your study.

Yours sincerely ，

Li Hua

①解析 lonely 表示孤独的(含有感情色彩)；alone 表示独自一人。此处是说不是你一个人(alone)有这个问题，很多同学也有一样的问题。

②解析 the same as 和……一样。

③解析 too ＋adj ./adv .＋to do sth 太……而不能做某事。

④解析 avoid 后不能直接跟形容词；avoid doing sth 避免做某事。

⑤解析 take sth seriously 认真对待某事。

⑥解析 if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

⑦解析 此处在that 前加上and ，表示上下句子是并列关系；或者将that 改为which 变成非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，which 在从句中作主语。

⑧解析suggest(建议)引导的从句用虚拟语气：(should＋)动词原形。

⑨解析动作反及本身用反身代词。

⑩解析progress意为“进步”时为不可数名词，其前不能用不定冠词a修饰。

2019年全国I卷英语高考真题doc资料

2019年全国I卷英语 高考真题

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I） 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum. 2. What does Jack want to do?

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During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them

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ary. e woman feel now? B. In a bookstore. d. B. Excited. ill the man pay? he man tell Jane to do? B. $80. ne his appointment. B. Meet Mr. Douglas. David quit his job? ack to school. B. To start his own firm. 小题；每小题 1.5分，满分22.5 分） 5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 ，回答第6、7题。 he man want the woman to do? C. In a classro om. C. Tired. C. $100. C. Return at 3 o ' clock C. To work for his friend. A、B、C三个选 5秒钟；听完 he cupboard. B. Clean the balcony. probable relationship between the speakers? nd and wife. C. Buy an umbrella. er and employee. ssistant and customer. ，回答第8至10题。 e woman go at the weekend? y centre. B. The forest park. C. The man s home. 1. Where does the conversation probably take place?

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