罗密欧与朱丽叶和梁山伯与祝英台对比研究

JIANGXI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY 本科毕业论文（设计）

题目：罗密欧与朱丽叶和梁山伯与祝英台对比研究

英文标题：Comparative study of Romeo and Juliet

and Butterfly Lovers

学院：外国语学院

姓名：孙绮绮

学号： 20094031

专业：英语

年级： 093

指导教师：夏学胜职称：讲师

二0 一三年五月

Table of Contents

摘要 ................................................................... ＩAbstract. (Ⅱ)

1 Introduction (1)

2Literature review (2)

3Similarities of the two love stories (2)

3.1 Similarity in social background---feudal society (2)

3.1.1The ancient feudal China (2)

3.1.2The European feudal society in Renaissance time (3)

3.2The pursuit of free love (4)

3.2.1 Transform into the butterfly (4)

3.2.2 A double suicide for love (5)

4Difference between the two love stories (6)

4.1Difference in the character of hero and heroine (6)

4.1.1Butterfly lovers’ social attribute (7)

4.1.2Romeo and Juliet’s glory of the personality (8)

4.2Difference in cultural background (9)

4.2.1The tragedy of Chinese traditional feudal ethics and rites (9)

4.2.2Triumph of humanism (10)

Conclusion (11)

Bibliography (13)

Acknowledgments (14)

摘要

越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》是根据我国流传于东晋年间的民间传说改编而成的，演绎了梁祝之间可歌可泣的爱情故事，千百年来几乎家喻户晓，妇孺皆知。它不但是中华民族文化中的一朵璀璨的奇葩，而且，由其改编的戏曲影片《梁山伯与祝英台）和小提琴协奏曲＜梁祝＞，已成为享誉世界艺苑的杰作，可称得上是中国民间文化中最引人瞩目的现象。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是英国戏剧大师莎士比亚根据意大利故事改编而成的作品，剧中也歌颂了同样的主题——爱情，男女主人公为了爱情不惜以生命为代价，双双殉情，其情可感，其状可悲。正是因为二者存在着太多的相似之处，梁祝又往往被称为东方版罗密欧与朱丽叶。历年来＜梁祝＞和《罗朱》被誉为爱情的楷模，情侣的颂歌，受到了不少人士的关注，他们大多是从这两部剧的人物性格特征、悲剧结尾的意义以及悲剧的根源这几个方面来进行比较的，讴歌了男女主人公敢于冲破封建伦理枷锁、大胆追求个人美满爱情的悲壮故事。本文拟从男女主人公性格差的角度异衍射中西文化差异来解读这两部剧本，简要对两部爱情故事的异同点进行剖析。

关键词：梁山伯与祝英台；罗密欧与朱丽叶；性格；文化背景；自由爱情

Abstract

The opera Butterfly Lovers was adapted according to the folklore that circulated in Dong-Jin years, deduced the epic love story between butterfly lovers, for more than one thousand years, almost everyone knows that. It is not only a bright wonderful work of the culture of the Chinese nation, moreover, the opera film "the butterfly lovers" and violin concerto < butterfly lovers >, which adapted from it, have become famous around the world. it may be the most striking phenomena in Chinese folk culture. Romeo and Juliet is a story adapted by British dramatist Shakespeare based on Italy's works, the play also sings the same theme of love, the hero and heroine in love pursued love at the price of life, both double suicide, its affection is perceptible, its situation is sad. Since there are too many similarities between them, and butterfly lovers are often referred to as the Oriental version of romeo and Juliet. Over the years, the Butterfly Lovers and Romeo and Juliet has been hailed as a model for the rest of the love, couples, and won the attention from many people, most of which are set about from these two personality traits, the meaning of tragedy at the end of the play and the tragedy of the root cause and other aspects to compare and praise the tragic stories of love that the hero and heroine for daring to break through the feudal ethics shackles, bolding enough to pursue the personal happiness . This article start from the perspective of the hero and heroine character difference that reflected the difference between Chinese and western cultural to interpret the two different diffraction script, briefly analyzes the differences and similarities of two love stories.

Key words:Butterfly Lovers; Romeo and Juliet; Characters; Cultural Background;

Free love

1 Introduction

As early as in the first half of the 20th century, the research of tragedy in the field of Chinese literature had begun. In the early days, some Chinese scholars used western tragedy theory to analysis the specific forms of Chinese opera, insisted that China had no tragedy. But since the second half of 20th century, more and more scholars are standing in the height of cross-cultural understanding the uniqueness of literature, systematically dig and arrange Chinese tragedy theory, which has made gratifying achievements. Romeo and Juliet and the Butterfly Lovers are two classic love tragedies that won more love from Chinese and western readers. Though there are a large number of literature on the comparison and analysis now, but mostly limited in subject, the contrast aspects of character and style. Study on the differences of personal characters and then transit to the cultural background level and the tragic phycology is rare. To solve above problems, this article is in reference on the basis of predecessors' research achievements, detailed analysis of this two stories from the cultural perspective，and try to deeply find out the root causes of the tragedy from. Both the Chinese and their similarities and difference. Through the case study of the two classical love stories of Romeo and Juliet and the Butterfly Lovers ", we present the surface similarities first, then to explore the deep analysis of the differences. Through example analysis, the author thinks that in love mode, Romeo and Juliet' s love is fervent, dole; The Butterfly Lovers’s is implicative, undying devotion . In addition, in terms of character, Romeo and Juliet in terms of expression, to defend the love appear more active; Liang Shanbo and Zhu Ying Tai is more passive. Finally, points out that westerners enthusiasm, bold and unrestrained, pursuit of secular life, believe in love, has a strong independent personality consciousness. Chinese are implicative, deep, overall, it is civilization, has a dependent personality consciousness. It is because of the difference of Chinese and western cultural mentality, that make two love tragedy of the hero and heroine in the expression of love, attitude towards love and struggle in the face of tragedy consciousness varies.

2Literature review

The study about the butterfly lovers and Romeo and Juliet love story contrast studies can be found everywhere. Its mostly set about from the difference in both aesthetic orientation, writing techniques and other aspects. In this paper, the comparative study is combined with historical and cultural background and personality differences.

For the similarity of the two stories, this paper emphatically analyzed two points, firstly, it is the historical background of the story happening - all are the feudal society, and at the same time is also facing a block from the family, which become one of the causes of the tragedy; Secondly, both of the heroes and heroines are endowed with rebellious spirit to against traditional feudal, persisted in the pursuit of free love, breaking through the bondage and restriction, though tend to be an tragedy in the end, but still played a role of pioneer in fighting for free love in thousands of years.For the differences between them, this article is divided into two aspects and separately carried out an brief discussion: first, although two stories are based on the same theme---free love, reflects heroes and heroines’ persistence for dedication of love story, but two story the protagonist's character has a very difference, the butterfly lovers’ love is implicit and silent, but Romeo and Juliet’s is hot like fire, accordingly, their degree to rebel against the obstruction from the family also have obvious differences; Second, the deep cultural background that due to the tragic ending also have great different.

3Similarities of the two love stories

3.1 Similarity in social background---feudal society

3.1.1The ancient feudal China

Butterfly lovers’ story was happened in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, from the play we can easily see that, the traces to prove the existence of the feudal system in this era is obvious.

Such as marriage system, legal system and social culture, etc., the tyranny, oppression for people’s mind of the feudal system can be found everywhere. In the story, zhu Yingtai is obviously a girl whose natural disposition is lively, but her mother should order her to walk in random little steps, or even tied a rope between her two feet to achieve such a goal. In addition, cosmetic is popular in Eastern Jin Dynasty, especially the men loved to power their face. The father of Zhu Ying Tai is one of the representatives. However, his original purpose is for keep up with the Joneses. The bigshots were show off to each by this, which is a kind of abnormal psychology. All in all, the background in this era foreshadowed the tragic ending.

Butterfly lovers' love tragedy happened in China's feudal period that feudal thought is extremely popular. The parents bounded had a tough attitude towards their children 's marriage, which leaded emotional repression to the young. That is an era that the the marriage is decided by the parents and arranged by matchmaker. Young man and women had no freedom in choosing their marriage, and they can't disobey the parents. in such a circumstance, the butterfly lovers had to seek freedom in against the feudal marriage system.

3.12The European feudal society in Renaissance time

Romeo and Juliet" was created in the time of Renaissance. Europe was in the feudal period at that time. The Renaissance advocated "Humanist". Romeo and Juliet, as the representative of the Renaissance humanists, reflected their pursuit of outlook on life, ideal, and values. Humanism ideological emerged in a large number during this period, which contributed a certain disintegration to the feudal forces, due to feudal forces entrenched, however, they can only be buried with their love.

Meanwhile, the story happened in medieval Italy. At this time, although it is the birthplace of the Renaissance, capitalism is still in its infancy, more exactly, it should be said that in the darkest hour before the dawn. For the pursuit of free love, Romeo and Juliet dare to disobey the father's order, even committed a double suicide. During the transition

from medieval feudal society to capitalist historical turning period, their struggle is a kind of the progress of the feudalism, which played a certain role in the anti-feudalism struggle.

3.2The pursuit of free love

The most distinctive similarities of Butterfly lovers and Romeo and Juliet is that they shares one theme--- celebrates love, against the feudal struggle; both are feudal rebel and glorious images of the pursuit of individuality liberation and freedom in marriage; both are loyal in love, for the sake of the beloved person, they choose death, to accuse of the sin of feudal system.

3.2.1 Transform into the butterfly

After for more than one thousand years, the story of butterfly lovers has spread up to now. In this story, Zhu Yingtai disguised as men, to go study in Hang Zhou, and become sworn brothers with Liang Shanbo on the way there. They accompanied with each other to study for three years and formed intimate friendship and great kindness. When they were going to separate, Yingtai pretended to be a matchmaker for her sister, which in fact was for herself. After Shanbo got the true fact from his teacher’s wife, and hurried to Yingtai’s home to ask her to marry him, he surprised found tha t Yingtai had been betrothed to Ma Wencai, the son of prefecture. Thus Liang shan bo rolled himself into a disease and death. The day to welcome the bride, when the bridal sedan was passing liang’s tomb, Yingtai stopped to cry for Shanbo. Suddenly, the tomb split, Yingtai immediately jumped into the hole, and finally become two butterflies. The heroine Zhu Yingtai was born rich, her rebellion drove her to against the inequality to women and bondage of the traditional feudal society, to fight for the right to study and receive education just like boys. Moreover, she challenged the idea of “suitable” and fell in love with her classmate Liang Shanbo, a common people, fighting for the freedom in marriage. Zhu Yingtai represented the spirit that had been repressed by conservative custom for more than one thousand years, had the

courage the strive for rights without fearing of power, and also had the the graceful and gentle characters, what’s more unusual is her well educated. On one hand, she expressed her pursue to free love, on one hand, she should take the ethics of filial piety into account, but she still cann’t free liang Shanbo from death. In the feudal society, conservative as it is, the whole world had been moved by the butterfly lovers. Thus, in front of Shanbo’s tomb, they two became a butterfly fluttering and dancing.

For the butterfly lovers, young men and women had no freedom to fall in love and marriage in feudal time. That is an era for parents to arrange marriage, children’s right for chose their marriage is limited by parents. Zhu Yingtai is a heroic image of the pursuit of free life and against the feudal marriage, which had the desire and struggle spirit for pursuing independent marriage.

Butterfly lovers were in a position of the oppressed and ruled, therefore, butterfly lovers’s pursue of free marriage is a kind of rebellion of feudalism and arranged marriage system. Moreover, their pure love story also express the desire and dream to pursuit the marriage freedom of young men and wo

3.2.2 A double suicide for love

The story took place in a British city named Verona. Capulet Clan and Montague Clan had vendetta with each other. In a grand banquet, the beautiful, loving daughter Juliet, Lord Capulet’s daughter and Lord Montague’s handsome and natural and unrestrained son romeo fell love at first sight. Romeo could not inhibit his love for Juliet, courted her, and Juliet happily run into the arms of his, two family vendetta deadline could not prevent the frenzy of love, love affair, they relate to each other. The strongly oppose from two families cann’t stop them, but make love fire to burn. They privately decided their whole life , and the help of kind-hearted father, they held a wedding ceremony, presided by Lawrence. Juliet looked at the handsome and amorous romeo, heart filling with dreams of the future.

Unfortunately, Romeo met with Capulet's cousin Tybalt in the street, Tybalt was deliberately provoke, and Romeo kill him by accident. So Romeo was kicked out of this city. Juliet made a tearful farewell for Romeo. Her heart was with romeo, she lost his soul spirit missing with romeo. Father, however, forced her to forget the family's Nemesis, and marry Paris, earl. Juliet can't rebelled against family, love and don't want to betray lover, her heart is pain and conflict, suffering a dilemma. Kindly Lawrence once again helped Juliet, let she to swallow a sleeping pill, a suspended animation to prevaricate Paris's proposal of marriage, delay the time. Unknown the truth , the Capulet family, sadly bid a final farewell to Juliet. Romeo quietly sneaking into Verona at this moment, he thought Juliet really dead, and hurriedly rushed to the graveyard, looking at the serene, pale, Juliet stopped breathing, he, grief-stricken, drinking the poison down beside Juliet. Not for a moment, the medicinal properties of Juliet, she woke up, surprised to find that his sweetheart is to be sitting right beside but romeo tells her that he was dying, Juliet embraced him, didn't believe it, but he a little bit weak, Juliet resolutely ended his young life, with dagger and they embraced love into the kingdom of heaven. In this sad love drama, in addition to that hot profession between lovers, everything else is completely dominated by the shadow of death. There is no doubt that to achieve their ideal of love, they can accept any cost, even if the life.

To Romeo and Juliet, they were the descendants of two clan that had family feud, so their love marriage was almost impossible. Although facing many obstructions, their love never been stopped or delayed. Although Juliet cast repeatedly frustrated in the road, but she's still crazy in love with Romeo. She did not succumb to the forced marriage of parents, she calm act resourcefully and calmly took action, and quietly made preparation for refuse for marriage. She fearlessly fight with the arranged marriage and ideas of feudal family status, insisted the progressive slogan that love was the only premise for marriage. The power of love helped them withstood the test, and finally their love defeated everything and made up the two feud though both of the hero and heroine died at last.

4 Difference between the two love stories

4.1 Difference in the character of hero and heroine

In hero character, Romeo and Juliet all showed the beauty of personality, and shows the courage to pursue true love and against secular, and the butterfly lovers who socially presented a set of moral standards and code of conduct.

4.1.1Butterfly lovers’ soc ial attribute

The hero Shanbo in Butterfly Lovers is honest, sincere, friendly with people, and industrious. Yingtai is intelligent and clever, although she loves Shanbo very much, she never say his own identity. As a girl, she disguised as men go out to study, before she left, she planted a tree in the courtyard, chastity and swear by his will, said that if can't do it, the tree will wither. Thus we can easily draw a conclusion that the family reputation and personal reputation had played an important role in her mind. her family's reputation and the reputation is very important. Therefore, it is not hard to understand why being classmates for three years, despite her love for liang shan bo, she never said, even the last farewell, Yingtai didn't tells him that she is a girl. In fact, she did take a "Guarantee" to go out to school. Zhu Yingtai opened the closed mind with heavy lock for thousands years and called for the same feeling in other people. Although having some rebellious character, but in her body the marks of the feudal ethics even more, specifically, she was just a halfway feudal marriage system rebel.In personality and social standard, the butterfly lovers both chose the latter, when Shanbo "found the Yingtai was a girl, and have been pledged to ma Wencai, his heart broken, but he did not take any action, desperate to win, but to wipe the tears and away, and bedridden from now on, only waiting for Yingtai to cure him. And finally desperated in waiting. If Zhu Yingtai set desperate elopement with Shanbo ", it will greatly harm the image of heroine in the eyes of the audience. That dare to pursue love, and have not completely rebelling make lovers become the embodiment of the perfect moral image, make the tragedy appears more sad. But from the perspective of tragedy root, their own weaknesses should also take the responsibility to their tragedy.

At the very beginning, the "Butterfly lovers" had been shrouded in the shadow of “arrange a match by parents' order and on the matchmaker's word ”, only knowing blindly

obedient, and few positive conflict and struggle. She and liang shan bo performed extremely coward, and their double suicide never wavered anything, though ITS love get sublimation, but compared with Romeo and Juliet, the meaning is not big.

4.1.2 Romeo and Juliet’s glory of the personality

Romeo and Juliet were the noble youth that stands for the humanism ideal in the age of Shakespeare, their pursuit of love is the right, is a reflection of human nature. As one of the most noble human emotion, it is worthy to exchange for with life and blood. So, in this work, death always threatens the hero's love, but they are not afraid of it. Both of Romeo and Juliet are passionate and cheerful, and they are full of the westerners’ bo ld, bold enough to pursue the happiness and love. Encountered at the dance for the first time, handsome hero and beautiful heroine fell in love for the first sight, and they do not hide the affection for each other. Later, romeo know Juliet' s true identity, but his infatuation does not change, in order to see the girl, romeo secretly slip over the wall in the the feud’s home in the middle. For love, he can do all things, including give up family name and take concrete actions to resolve the two hatred, un til the very last to die for love. Juliet’s persistences to love is no inferior to romeo. When know romeo is the son of feud, she said: "the enemies of yesterday, today's lover, the love is afraid of going to plant a curse". Love even though the difficulties lies on the road, but she still advance bravely, don't want to give up, even in the toughest time she still say: "tell me, when and where are you willing to marry me, I will delivered all my life to you, with you, my Lord, through all the ends of the earth." Romeo forgets himself in dangerous , jump into the wall to see lover. He risked his life in Verona, again to tryst with Juliet. With such a foreshadowing, his death for love is believable. To him, love means life, without Juliet, life will lose their meaning, death became a natural choice. After saying: "I curse you, fate!" Romeo decisively established himself after his death time and way, without any hesitation and wavering. That means he has grown into a complete, pure lover. When the Juliet about to drink potions, she was full of fear, but love makes her win over fear; In the graveyard, Juliet woke up, in the face of dead romeo, without hesitation, sacrificed his own life that is like a flower... No matter facing what pressure, they all adhere to their own love.

When love and the family reputation and social moral standards have conflicts, they always choose the former, because in their view, the pursuit of personal happiness is god's truth.

Their fight against the noble family reflected the humanist fight against the feudalism. Struggle is sharp, cruel and tragic. The younger generation with love and spirit step onto the historical stage, although they are in order to "love" and freedom at the expense of life, but also embodies the spirit of humanism germinate and the inevitability of the inevitable requirement of social progress.

From beginning to the end, the story always shining with the light of their individualism.

4.2Difference in cultural background

Such the same two love tragedy motif, why again is far different? , as we know, people life is influenced by culture, began the process of culture, a person's manners, ideas, behavior and personality all is their culture. Characters in the works of literature, namely, humanism, is bound to reflect his with the light of the culture. Tragedy as a kind of literary form, the difference is caused by different cultural soil it.

4.2.1 The tragedy of Chinese traditional feudal ethics and rites

Butterfly Lovers happened in the Chinese society that the feudal system occupies the absolute dominance position, its oriental reserved and conservative love letting a person feeling the love that is different from western bold. Butterfly lovers are born in landlord class, they deeply constrained by Confucian thoughts. The most gripping part of their love lies in its intense but temperate, angry but not rough, even the hope of success hide in failure. After fell in love with Liang Shanbo, even sleep in a bed, Zhu Yingtai still dare not to do anything to further their relation. As a collective work is subordinated to feudal

thought, people and more work in the specific social background of the real. Works in "Butterfly Lovers", an climax, the other plot of expression and emotion always give a person a kind of a trickle of comfortable, according with the Chinese people sincerely affection, checking on the ritual of the conventional "rites".

The Chinese traditional culture that generated the butterfly lovers is centered on the Confucianism. one of the core of Confucianism is "benevolence", from the kernels of the word structure is composed of "two" and "people", as you can see, its connotation has contact with a person's relationship with others, Confucius to love others. Obviously, Confucianism regarded people as a social existence, that are coexistence with others, which emphasize on person's social quality rather than individual character. Therefore, accordingly, the Chinese personality's general lack of independent will and individual life consciousness, but always not consciously attached to the social ethics, and use it as guidelines for action. Famous scholar Wang Yuanhua's once made a penetrating analysis of the personality. Commonalities in our traditional culture, he thought, always leads to personality, social ethics always suppress individual consciousness, and thus formed a set of ethics and code of conduct, the person's personality glorious lives, make the machine with the society. It is not hard to see,it is such kind of social ethics culture wear off all edges and corners of butterfly lovers and how can they blink out the brilliance of the personality?

4.2.2Triumph of humanism

We can catch a glimpse of the renaissance society, authors’ emotion and attitude at that time in many places of Romeo and Juliet . At that time, the emerging bourgeoisie have emerged, but the feudal forces still clinging to dominance. The conflict with the feudal clan when romeo and Juliet pursuing their free love, in fact, is the contradiction between the bourgeoisie class and the feudal power. Romeo and Juliet are representatives of new ideas, everywhere is full of youth and vitality. Their love is pure and natural, having no any consider for the result of love: in order to pursue, Romeo “change about ”and give up the Lotherin, Juliet "pass love to others” and gave up Parise. They may give up their original

love, they dare not the feud, dare to defy father without permission. And Shakespeare's vision of love, also let the light of love dissolve the feud between the two families, let the Shakespeare work filled with the breath of youth.

The culture background where Romeo and Juliet grew up regarded the Greek culture as the source, and a pronounced feature of Greek thought is individualism. Famous scholar Mu once pointed out in his book "Attribute of the Chinese Culture" that individualism is the most important part in western culture, which is composed of three parts. Ancient Greek philosophers paid a lot attention to individualism. Providence, just think that man is the measure of all things in the world. Epicurus is extreme advocate individualism, emphasis on individual happiness for the human eternal center. Complete independence, notice the individual is his philosophical theory claims that personal is the center of all, the ultimate purpose of all individual activities is a person's enjoyment. Epicurus' point of view for humanists pursuit of free personality undoubtedly make public provides a theoretical basis. So humanists in pursuit of individual freedom and personal happiness as own duty, think this is the ultimate purpose of the person's life, is the nature of the demand of people. This kind of individualism to the Renaissance is increased to the extent that reach the limit, constantly have one's personality liberated, personal status and personal dignity, supreme individualism has become an integral part of this period people's personality. It is not hard to see, in this kind of excessive emphasis on individual cultural narrative of Shakespeare's characters is inevitable to have a distinct personality.

Conclusion

Though Romeo and Juliet and Butterfly Lovers are two tragic films, there are also some significant difference in Chinese and western culture. Westerners advocate individualism, but oriental society (of course include Chinese) emphasize on family and class status. This is a very important and influential difference. Westerners, on the concept of love, are warm and open, compared to them, the east tend to choose a more subtle and reserved way to express love. There are many difference and even divergence between Chinese and western culture. But the similarity of different culture is that they are contribute to the human culture development course. It is hard to distinguish which is bad or good, which is an objective proposition, their presence will certainly continue to develop human culture. In today's world any nation and country may lose or get rid of their own traditional culture. Therefore, any strengthening from external world or internal renegade, will go against the development of country and the progress of the society.

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Acknowledgments

First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Xia, for his instructive advice and useful suggestions on my thesis. I am deeply grateful of his help in the completion of this thesis. High tribute shall be paid to my room-mates: Wang Xiaoxia, Li Shangmei, Bao Chunyan. whose profound knowledge of English triggers my love for this beautiful language and whose earnest attitude tells me how to learn English. I am also deeply indebted to all the other tutors and teachers in Translation Studies for their direct and indirect help to me. Special thanks should go to my friends who have put considerable time and effort into their comments on the draft. Finally, I am indebted to my parents for their continuous support and encouragement.

英语三人小话剧罗密欧与朱丽叶

Romeo and Julia Scene I Julia: I have liked Romeo for a long time. Today, I determine to show my feelings to Romeo. Julia: Hi, Romeo. Romeo: Hi. Julia: Your clothes fit you well. Romeo: Oh! Thanks. You look charming, too. Julia: Oh! R eally? In fact, I ……have something to tell you. Romeo: What is it? Julia: Un ~It’s a little difficult to say.Just…just… (shy!) Romeo: Just what? Julia: Just…I like you!!(determined) Romeo: Look at you ! So fat, so black, and…I want a thin girl Julia is so depressed . when she walked , a man stopped her Julia: who are you ? what will you do ? Magic mirror: Don’t be afraid ! I am a magic mirror, I will help you. Julia:Stop being so silly. There is no time for joking. I am so sad.

中外戏剧发展史

中外戏剧发展史资料外国戏剧 1、人类最早的成熟戏剧形态是公元前6世纪在古希腊诞生的悲剧和喜剧。之所以说它们 是最早的成熟戏剧，是因为古希腊悲剧和喜剧已经具备了我们所理解的戏剧的全部要素，脱 离宗教仪式的羁绊而成为纯粹的人类娱乐与审美活动，并以人物装扮和当场对话作为自己的主 要舞台形式。它造就了一批伟大的剧作家，并产生了众多的戏剧文学剧本，为后人留下丰厚 的文学遗产，它还通过哲人之口传述了最早的戏剧定义以及整个理论体系，它甚至用雄伟的剧 场建筑向人类宣告了自己的独立存在。 古希腊悲剧和喜剧延续了300年，其后被古罗马承接过去，继续繁衍了近600年。 2、酒神祭祀，是拉开古希腊悲剧和喜剧历史序幕的狂欢前奏。希腊人认为，酒神狄俄尼 索斯代表着人类生命的热情，代表着世界上一切非理念的力量，包括快乐和疯狂。人们抬着狄 俄尼索斯的神像，共同参与一场充满醉态的狂欢歌舞游行。身着羊皮、头戴羊角的“羊人歌队” 开始演唱《山羊之歌》，歌咏酒神的生平事迹，同时向他献上美好的赞颂。 3、希腊戏剧的第一个确切记录见于公元前534年。在这一年雅典举办的“城市酒神节”的各 项活动中，加入了悲剧演出的竞赛。竞赛冠军得主的姓名保留了下来——塞士比斯，他成为世 界上第一个为人所知的戏剧演员。 4、戏剧艺术的基本特性，有很多理论，突出的观点有四种：动作说、情境说、冲突说、 激变说。 5、古希腊悲剧： 英雄悲剧：主人公为了自己的理想和正义同敌对势力进行斗争直到毁灭。代表作《被缚的普罗米修斯》。 命运悲剧：主人公的意志同命运（神）的对抗，其结局是他无法逃脱命运的安排而毁灭。

代表作《俄狄浦斯王》。 文艺复兴性格悲剧：主人公悲剧命运的根源在于性格。代表作《哈姆雷特》（英国•莎士比亚） 17世纪古典主义悲剧：表现理性与情感的冲突，主人公是王公贵族。代表作《熙德》（法国•高乃依） 18世纪市民悲剧：以市民和社会环境的矛盾为主要内容。代表作《爱米丽•迦绿蒂》（德国•莱辛） 19世纪社会悲剧：反映社会问题，易卜生的社会问题剧。 6、三大悲剧诗人发展轨迹， 埃斯库罗斯-----索福克勒斯------欧里庇得斯 悲剧内容：英雄悲剧-------命运悲剧--------家庭悲剧。 悲剧人物：写神，独白、对话表现-------写理想人，行动刻画-------写普通人，重视心理分析。 悲剧命运观：命运由神掌握，不可抗拒-------命运是存在于人类之外的抽象概念，可以反抗-------命运在人手里，自己掌握。 悲剧之父——埃斯库罗斯、喜剧之父——阿里斯托芬 7、中世纪晚期的英国戏剧最具有研究价值也是最富于艺术成就的是圣体剧。 8、戏剧复兴有两个不同的方面： 一方面是以民主为基础的大众戏剧；

罗密欧与朱丽叶话剧英文版

Scene I ( Julia and Romeo are classmates. Julia has liked Romeo for a long time. Today, Julia determines to show her feelings to Romeo. He passes by Betty and Clover. Julia is waiting for the bus. ) Betty & Clover: Wow…so handsome. Julia: Hi, Romeo. Romeo: Hi. Julia: Your clothes fit you well. Romeo: Oh! Thanks. You look charming, too. Julia: Oh! Really? In fact, I ……have something to tell you. Romeo: What is it? Julia: Un ~It’s a little difficult to say. Just…just… (shy!) Romeo: Just what? Julia: Just…I like you!! (determined) (Romeo and Julia stop action) Clover: Oh! My goodness! Do you hear what she said? Betty: Yeah! To my surprise. Clover: Look at her! So fat, so black, and… Betty: Yeah….you can say that again. Romeo: (surprised) But I want a thin girl. Julia: Okay! Give me some time. And I’ll show you. ——————————————————————————– Scene II (Julia had a plan of losing weight.she goes to the pharmacy to buy the most popular medicine “Slim Body” ) Frank: May I help you? Julia: Do you have this kind of medicine called “Slim Body”? Frank: Of course we do. (Now, Allen comes in at the same time.) Allen: Frank, do you have “Slim Body”? I want to buy more. It makes me lose weight from 300 kilos to 70 kilos. Frank: Wow. Amazing! Here you are! Allen: Thanks. (Go out.) Julia: I want to buy a dozen of it. (After eating “Slim Body”, Julia gets the trots,and she failed. Then, she decided to go on a diet.) (In the restaurant) Clerk: Can I take your order?

歌剧的发展史

吴勇辉 09401240124 电气本0901 歌剧的发展史 歌剧是音乐、戏剧、诗歌、舞台美术、舞蹈等交融于一体的综合艺术形式，是高度集中的舞台表演艺术，也是声乐艺术中难度最大，最具艺术魅力的重要艺术形式。 歌剧产生于16世纪末意大利的佛罗伦萨，它是著名的欧洲文艺复兴运动的产物。1597年，诗人努尼里奇，作曲家佩里卡奇尼等根据神话故事写出了世界上第一部歌剧《达芙内》可惜早已失传，1600年作曲家丁·佩里所写的《犹里狄茜》是西方公认的第一部西洋歌剧，开创了歌剧的新纪元。到17世纪上半叶（1637年）世界上第一座歌剧院在意大利威尼斯建立，名叫“圣卡西阿诺歌剧院”，标志着歌剧已开始走向平民百姓，加之这时的歌剧在创作上的发展与创新、使歌剧从简单的叙述形式改变为戏剧性形式，从而使歌剧向前跨进了一大步。到17世纪末，音乐发展达到了一个辉煌的时代，产生了几位划时代的大音乐家，其中包括意大利的斯卡拉蒂，法国的拉穆和德国的巴赫与亨德尔。当时在罗马影响最大的斯卡拉蒂，他一生写了115部歌剧，确定了歌剧咏叹调的ABA基本形式，并在A段反复时加上装饰音及华彩段，极大地发展了人声的歌唱艺术，丰富了歌唱的表现力，推动了歌唱技术的提高，但与此同时也带来了只顾炫耀技巧的不良风气，当时歌剧舞台上活跃着阉人歌唱家，人们挑选出一些音色优美的男孩，给他们施行阉割手术，使他们在保存高音音域的同时，保存了男子的力度；另一种不良现象是，剧院为了吸引观众，引进某些与剧情关系不大的奇特情景，豪华的布置或盛大的场面，这样做削弱了歌剧的戏剧性和思想内涵的表达，使歌剧的整体性与艺术性有所下降。 格鲁克是歌剧史上的改革者，他提倡音乐服从戏剧的效果，主张歌剧的戏剧性和音乐性的完美统一，反对故弄玄虚的浮夸做法，主张除掉那些同戏剧和台词无关的装饰音乐。同时，格鲁克还提倡用本国语言创作，以发展各国歌剧，他的改革使歌剧通向了意大利浪漫主义的道路。 罗西尼是意大利浪漫主义歌剧的先锋，他创作了《塞维利亚的理发师》、《威廉退尔》等杰作，标志着意大利歌剧步入成熟期，与他同样有名望的作曲家有多尼采蒂、贝里尼等，他们作品的特点是演唱者不仅需要有高超的声乐技巧，而且音乐旋律也优美迷人，把歌剧艺术推到一个前所未有的高峰，迄今为止，演唱难度最大的歌剧基本上都出自这三位作曲家之手，人们还常把这一时期的歌剧称为歌剧的美声时期。 在这三位作曲家之后，意大利歌剧的主要代表人物要数威尔弟，他一生共创作了26部歌剧，几乎全部都是艺术精品，如《弄臣》、《茶花女》、《游吟诗人》、《阿依达》、《奥塞罗》等，至今仍为世界各大顶尖级歌剧院的保留剧目。

戏剧鉴赏《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

戏剧鉴赏《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 维洛那名城，蒙太古和凯普莱特两门第相当的巨族间有着累世的宿愿。蒙太古家族的罗密欧是个典型的花花公子，但是，他却一直强调他深爱着他那未露面的初恋情人——罗瑟琳，甚至为了罗瑟琳而郁郁寡欢，冷落了亲人和朋友。然而，他却在凯普莱特家族的舞会上对凯普莱特家的朱丽叶丽叶一见钟情并展开热烈追求。莎士比亚笔下的罗密欧似乎对爱情并不是大家口中传颂地那么执着，而是像劳伦斯神父说的“喜新厌旧，见异思迁”。但是，当他遇到朱丽叶之时，我们似乎又看到了莎士比亚对爱情的歌颂，对自由恋爱的向往与追求。同时，婚约在身的朱丽叶也是不顾一切地跳进爱情这个陷进，如同离弦的箭一般再也收不回来，忽略空气与距离，固执地朝着自己的目标飞去，最后落地，折断。童话故事中的王子和公主总能得到大家的祝福，幸福地结合在一起，但爱情、浪漫和美丽在平淡生活的考验之下不可能一尘不变。“舞会相识→阳台约会→私自订婚→双双殉情”罗密欧与朱丽叶在爱情之路上一步一步走向死亡。从另一个角度我们也看到了莎士比亚对包办婚姻的批判，对封建势力、对扼杀人性扼杀爱情的社会的控诉。两人一开始并不是相互了解，而是单凭一张外在的容颜，便轻易地将爱情抛洒，这种草率的态度或许就早已暗示了结局的不完美。除了他们真挚感人、至死不渝的爱情外，剧中过于夸张和仓促的搏杀与死亡给人一种草菅人命、人命薄如纸的感觉。他们说动手就动手，仿佛生命一文不值。提伯尔特（朱丽叶的亲哥哥）与迈丘西奥间的矛盾由于罗密欧的介入，导致两人的去世，而朱丽叶得知哥哥

是被罗密欧无心杀死这个事实后，悲兄之死、庆夫之生又让她悲喜交加。在罗密欧因杀人罪被放逐后，他的母亲去世了，朱丽叶在出嫁前服毒假死，而这一切罗密欧却毫不知情，与巴里斯（朱丽叶的未婚夫）展开了激烈的争斗并将其杀死。一场又一场血腥的争斗就这样被搬上了舞台，这些暴力活动的发生不仅是剧情的需要，也是对封建社会的批判与反对。再次背负罪名、触犯法律的罗密欧不愿一人独活，便服毒自杀了。而当假死的朱丽叶醒来后看着她爱人的尸体，她也拔剑自杀了。罗密欧与朱丽叶的爱情是悲惨的，他们彼此相爱，可是却因为家族的仇恨不能长相厮守，反而酿成了无法挽回的悲剧，直到众人的纷纷离世，直到最后一刻，仇恨才化解。赏罚分明的宣判，离合悲欢的叹惋无疑是在告诉人们，时代冤仇、谩骂格斗，毁灭了一对年轻美丽的生命，拆散了两个幸福美满的家族！这种狭隘的封建家族观念再也不能延续下去了，人们应该有新的思想、新的生活。

罗密欧与朱丽叶音乐赏析

论文题目：对流行歌曲的鉴赏心得 姓名赵越 学号 120601114 院系计算机科学与技术系 专业计算机科学与技术 班级 12级计算机科学与技术一班

对音乐剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的鉴赏我可以说《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是我看过的音乐剧里最吸引我的了，我喜欢音乐剧不只是因为它有好看的情节或是好听的音乐，更是因为我喜欢舞台上每个演员那赋有戏剧性的夸张的表演，音乐剧把戏剧表演，舞蹈，音乐三种艺术形式综合起来，然后展现在观众的面前。让观众不管是在视觉还是听觉或是情感上都受到了很强的冲击，这也是音乐剧为什么如此受人们欢迎的原因冲击，莎士比亚是欧洲文艺复兴时期最有成就的作家之一，在他的作品里，资产阶级的人文主义思想表现得最为充分，艺术性也最高。他的作品为资产阶级的兴起作了最有力的舆论准备。他的创作从思想和艺术上可以划分为三个时期，第一个时期写了大约十部喜剧，一部悲剧。他的喜剧主要不是讽刺社会现实，而是表现人文主义者的理想，歌颂爱情和友谊，宣扬个性解放、婚姻自由和个人争取幸福的权利。同时，批叛门阀观念、封建道德和封建压迫的种种表现，也揭示资本主义所暴露的一些丑恶。1595年创作的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是这一时期创作的惟一一部悲剧，但在思想内涵上则和这一时期的喜剧完全一致。罗密欧与朱丽叶为了爱情悲惨地死去了，但他们的爱情是那样纯洁而美丽，他们的爱情终于战胜了封建压迫和偏见，显示了人文主义精神的蓬勃生命和最终胜利。 2000年2月14日，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》在巴黎首演，立刻轰动了全法国，被许多专家和观众推举为有史以来最杰出的音乐剧，不但风靡法国，许多不懂法语的人也纷纷爱上了这部音乐剧，事实上，由于这个故事内容早已家喻户晓，就算听不懂法语，欣赏起来也不会有多大的障碍。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》通过波澜起伏的戏剧冲突，众多性格鲜明的人物形象，优美抒情的人物语言，描绘了一场惊心动魄的爱情悲剧。男女主人公出生在两个世代为仇的封建家族，他们在偶然的相会中一见倾心，却根本不可能结合。他们求助于劳伦斯神父，神父同情和理解他们，秘密给他们举行了婚礼。但封建家长凯普莱特却要把女儿朱丽叶许配给少年贵族帕里斯，并强令马上成婚。朱丽叶再一次求助于劳伦斯，神父赠以安眠药让她假死过去，以躲过这场劫难。罗密欧则因在格斗中杀死了凯普莱特夫人的内侄提伯尔特而受到了放逐曼多亚的惩罚。罗密欧得到妻子的“死讯”，悲痛万分，抱了以死殉情的决心连夜返回维洛那，在朱丽叶的身边服毒自杀。从昏迷中醒来的朱丽叶见丈夫已死，也饮毒、自刎死去。罗、朱的悲惨结局使双方的家长看到了世

罗密欧与朱丽叶 学案

《罗密欧与朱丽叶》学案 作者 威廉莎士比亚（１５６４——１６１６），文艺复兴时期英国杰出的戏剧家，诗人。２１岁时莎士比亚到伦敦剧院工作，很快就登台演戏，并开始创作剧本和诗歌。但创作的大部分是戏剧。他的作品是人文主义文学的杰出代表，在世界文学史上占有极为重要的地位。他的创作生涯分为三个时期。第一个时期是１５９０——１６００年，包括１０部喜剧（如《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》等），９部历史剧（如《查理三世》等）；第二个时期是１６０１——１６０７年，包括了７部悲剧（四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》），４部戏剧和一些十四行诗；第三个时期是１６０８——１６１３年，包括３部喜剧（主要是传奇剧）和一部历史剧。 时代背景 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚的早期作品，它是根据意大利民间故事写成的一部悲剧。当时正值欧洲文艺复兴时期。这个时期是欧洲封建社会逐渐解体资本主义生产方式在封建社会母体内孕育的时期，人文主义是文艺复兴时期资产阶级反封建斗争的思想武器，也是这一时期资产阶级进步文学的中心思想。其主要内容是，用人性反对神权，用个性解放反对禁欲主义，用理性反对蒙昧主义。其中，个性解放是针对封建社会宣扬的禁欲主义，要求劳动人民克制欲望、放弃斗争、放弃现世的幸福而提出的，它肯定现世生活，认为现世幸福高于一切，人生的目的就是追求个人自由和个人幸福。莎士比亚早期作品主要是宣扬这种人文主义思想。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》就是在这一背景下产生的一部具有反封建意识的爱情悲剧。 谋篇立意 课文节选部分描写了罗密欧与朱丽叶的月夜相见和互诉衷肠，通过这对青年为争取婚姻自由和幸福与封建势力的阻拦形成的激烈矛盾冲突，歌颂了青年男女真挚自由的爱情，体现了文艺复兴时期人们渴求美好感情、追求幸福、反对禁欲的人文主义精神。 课文重点难点易错点明确： 重难点句子明确 1．没有受过伤的人才会讥笑别人身上的创痕。 明确：“受过伤”指的是感情的创伤，这句话表达了罗密欧陷入了对朱丽叶的深深思念之中而不能自拔，显示了他内心的慌乱与焦灼。 2．朱丽叶就是太阳！起来吧，美丽的太阳！ 明确：把朱丽叶比作“太阳”，表达了朱丽叶在罗密欧心中至高无上的地位。“太阳”在

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英语话剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Romeo and Julia Scene I ( Julia and Romeo are classmates. Julia has liked Romeo for a long time. Today, Julia determines to show her feelings to Romeo. He passes by Betty and Clover. Allen and Julia are waiting for the bus. ) （Romeo Julia Betty Clover） Betty & Clover: Wow…so handsome. Julia: Hi, Romeo. Romeo: Hi. Julia: Your clothes fit you well. Romeo: Oh! Thanks. You look charming, too. Julia: Oh! Really? In fact, I ……have someth ing to tell you. Romeo: What is it? Julia: Un ~It’s a little difficult to say. Just…just… (shy!)

Romeo: Just what? Julia: Just…I like you!! (determined) (Romeo and Julia stop action) Clover: Oh! My goodness! Do you hear what she said? Betty: Yeah! To my surprise. Clover: Look at her! So fat, so black, and… Betty: And so flat. (point at Julia’s breast) Clover: Yeah….you can say that again. Romeo: (surprised) But I want a thin girl. Julia: Okay! Give me some time. And I’ll show you. Scene II (Julia had a plan of losing weight. First, she went to the famous weight control center. ) （Julia Angel Emma ）

罗密欧与朱丽叶英文话剧选段

Romeo. A thousand times the worse, to want thy light!-- Love goes toward love as schoolboys from their books; But love from love, towards school with heavy looks. [Retirong slowly.] [Re-enter Juliet, above.] Juliet. Hist! Romeo, hist!--O for a falconer's voice To lure this tassel-gentle back again! Bondage is hoarse and may not speak aloud; Else would I tear the cave where Echo lies, And make her airy tongue more hoarse than mine With repetition of my Romeo's name. Romeo. It is my soul that calls upon my name: How silver-sweet sound lovers' tongues by night, Like softest music to attending ears! Juliet. Romeo! Romeo. My dear? Juliet. At what o'clock to-morrow Shall I send to thee? Romeo. At the hour of nine. Juliet. I will not fail: 'tis twenty years till then. I have forgot why I did call thee back. Romeo. Let me stand here till thou remember it. Juliet. I shall forget, to have thee still stand there, Remembering how I love thy company. Romeo. And I'll still stay, to have thee still forget, Forgetting any other home but this. Juliet. 'Tis almost morning; I would have thee gone: And yet no farther than a wanton's bird; That lets it hop a little from her hand, Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves, And with a silk thread plucks it back again, So loving-jealous of his liberty. Romeo. I would I were thy bird. Juliet. Sweet, so would I: Yet I should kill thee with much cherishing. Good night, good night! parting is such sweet sorrow That I shall say good night till it be morrow. [Exit.] Romeo. Sleep dwell upon thine eyes, peace in thy breast!-- Would I were sleep and peace, so sweet to rest! Hence will I to my ghostly father's cell, His help to crave and my dear hap to tell. [Exit.]

《罗密欧与茱丽叶》音乐剧鉴赏

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的监视，而两名女仆，则是纹丝不动地站在一边盯着茱丽叶的举动，可以从中看出茱丽叶有多么的不自由。 而后又是另外一幅场景。罗密欧和他的伙伴与茱丽叶的表哥及其侍卫在路上相遇，两群人起冲突。茱丽叶的表哥仗着自己人多，气焰嚣张地挑衅罗密欧，最后两方的人互殴起来。音乐至此变得深沉、压抑。眼看罗密欧及其伙伴被打得不能动了，茱丽叶冲破两个女仆的阻拦，救下罗密欧。 第三幕便是茱丽叶与罗密欧在港口相会、缠绵的场景。两人的动作都是大胆奔放，十分具有现代气息。两人在一起难分难舍，但是却因为家境相差太大，终是不得在一起。 这部视频我只看到这里，因为不是内行，所以很难用我笨拙的语言描述其中的美。而其中的演员的舞蹈多是以芭蕾为主，动作是相当优美抑或是潇洒。而音乐也是配得相当的合适，使得舞蹈要表达的效果更为凸显。 不过这部音乐剧给我印象最深的或许就是它的现代气息了。任何一部经典大作搬到舞台上，如果一成不变，会让人觉得倦，而适当地加入时代元素，会让人新鲜却不失主题。

法国音乐剧

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的态度，而是和解、宽容的态度主要作品有《暴风雨》，被称为“诗的遗嘱”莎士比亚四大喜剧《威尼斯商人》、《无事生非》、《皆大欢喜》、《第十二夜》 【问题探讨】 、请同学们梳理剧情，概括剧本的思路 2、戏剧作为一种综合性的舞台艺术，要求有尖锐、集中的戏剧冲突，主要表现为剧中人物的性格冲突请根据文中人物形象分析剧本矛盾冲突 3、欣赏人物语言，体会人物感情 （1）罗密欧在朱丽叶墓中的大段独白，体现了他怎样的心理活动？ （2）文中三处写朱丽叶对白的地方，体现了她怎样的情感？ 【比较讨论】 比较阅读《罗密欧与朱丽叶》与《孔雀东南飞》 两部作品虽然时隔千年，地阻万里，但却存在着诸多相同之处 一、内容性质相同，都是爱情悲剧《罗》剧叙述了一对青年恋人罗密欧和朱丽叶在舞会上一见钟情，私自完婚，然而却因两家是世仇而无法结合，最终为追求自由爱情而双双殉情《孔》诗叙述了汉庐江府小吏焦仲卿与其妻刘兰芝恩爱相处，却被焦母活活拆散，最后在刘兄的逼迫下一同走上了

罗密欧与朱丽叶

（熄灯） Friar came to the centre of the stage （灯亮） Friar: Attention please, I am friar. There are two clans in our region, one is “Montague”罗密欧一家上 the other is “Capulet” 朱丽叶一家上 However, the two clans are in constant conflicts, 拔剑相向 even to the degree of fighting with each other 转身离开 Their fight has greatly influenced the social order of our city, so I have to come up with a solution, stimulated by a ball held by the Capulet 音乐:小步舞曲起 Juliet’s Father:Come in, gentlemen, dance and drink and eat, Enjoy yourselves Welcome, gentlemen. There was a time when I could wear a mask over my eyes and charm a lady by whispering a story in her ear. That time is gone, gone, gone. You are welcome gentlemen. Come on, musicians, play music. 下台 Romeo:I cannot wait to see my fair Rosaline, she will be the love of my whole life! 朱丽叶上台 Romeo:Who is that Lady?She is more beautiful than the moon, she is like a bright jewel in the darkness,She is like a dove among crows.And i have never loved until now Romeo:Lady my lips are ready to kiss you

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弦乐器组：第一小提琴、第二小提琴、中提琴、大提琴 11、中国民族管弦乐队：吹管乐器组：笛子、管子、唢呐弹拨乐器组：柳琴、琵琶打击乐器组：云罗、大锣拉弦乐器组：板胡、高胡 12、欧洲主要音乐流派：古典主义音乐流派，代表人物海顿、莫扎特和贝多芬。 13、大海啊故乡是F大调，3/4 4/4交换拍子。中速，情绪：深情的。齐唱，王立平词曲。选自影片《大海的呼唤》。 16、表情术语：用文字形式提示音乐作品演奏、演唱的表情要求。如：活波的 18、雪绒花选自音乐剧《音乐之声》选取。二声部合唱音乐剧—一种歌唱、舞蹈、戏剧并重的现代舞台综合艺术形式。 19、回忆选自音乐剧猫选取。安德鲁。劳埃德。韦伯总有一天选自音乐剧金沙选取关山作词三宝作曲 八年级音乐知识点 一、简谱：1 2 3 4 5 6 7 音名：C D E F G A B 唱名：do re mi fa sou la si 半音和全音：在键盘上，任何相邻的两个键（包括白键和黑键）的音高关系为“半音”；两个“半音”为一个“全音”。