13暑期语法复习状语从句讲学稿

高三复习状语从句讲学稿(2课时)

一、教学目标：

１.复习状语从句概念和分类。

２.状语从句用法和常见考点。

３.习题巩固和能力提升．

二、教学重点及难点：：

牢记状语从句的常见类型、时态呼应及引导词的选择等常见用法

三、教学过程：

Step 1 课前预习导学

功能概念推倒：状语是指在句中修饰动词，形容词，副词，或整个句子的成分。

那么，状语从句就是指在复合句中作________的从句。

从句在复合句中的位置：从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。

分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。

Step 2：用法学习

一: 时间状语从句的用法

1.when、as、while引导的时间状语从句

(1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，when既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词，

I’ll call you when I get there. __________________________

When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹，这门就吱嘎作响。

(2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，

I met her while I was at school. __________________________

He listened to the music while he was waiting for the bus.__________________________

(3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时，一边……一边……”，“随着” , 侧重表示两个动作同时发生,一个主语同时进行两个动作，或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。

He jumps as he goes along. __________________________

I saw him as he was getting off the bus. _______________________

As the wind rose the noise increased. __________________________

2. before和after 引导的时间状语从句before “在…之前”，after “在…之后”。

I saw them after I arrived. _______________________

It was not long before the police caught the thief. _______________________

3. till和until 引导的时间状语从句

till和until “到……为止”这两个词一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用until的形式，till在口语中更为常见)。

till和until引导时间状语从句时跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的表示延续性动作的谓语动词连用，或跟主句里否定形式的表示非延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“直到……才(开始)”

Walk till you come to a white house. __________________________

She had never praised him until he became one of the top students in his grade. ___________________ 他直到8点才起床。__________________________________

4. since引导的时间状语从句分析：

since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”，其用法主要有两种：

(1) 现在完成时的主句＋since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。

He hasn’t been home since he graduated. __________________________

They have been friends ever since they were in middle school. _____________________

What have you been doing since I last saw you?__________________________

(2) It be(主句中谓语用一般式) ＋表示一段时间的词汇＋since引导的时间状语从句。

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. ____________________________

It was three years since we had been there. ____________________________

5.表时间的名词型连词有the moment, the instant, the minute, the second（一…就…）every/each time （每当，每次），next time （下次），the last time（上次）， the first time（第一次）；by the time（到…时）

The moment he entered the room, Bill fixed the chain across the door. _______________________ By the time he got to the station, the train had left. _______________________

6．表时间的副词型连词instantly, immediately/ directly（一…就…）

The young lady rushed into the room immediately he heard the noise. _________________________ 7.表示时间的呼应型连词: 这类连词由两部分构成，前后呼应，有以下几种：no sooner…than…，hardly…when…，scarcely…when…(一…就…)

He had hardly gone to bed when the door bell rang. ____________________________

No sooner had he reached the station than the train left. ____________________________

8.as soon as引导的时间状语从句

未发生的动作:I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.(主从句时态：____________)

已发生的动作：He took out his English book as soon as he sat down.(主从句时态：____________)

二: 目的状语从句的用法

目的状语从句可以由表示“为了，以便”的so that(有时省略so)，in order that和表示“以免，以防”的for fear that，in case引导(for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用“可以省略的should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气形式；in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气)。They set out early that they might arrive in time. ____________________________

She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class.

____________________________

He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. ____________________________

Take your umbrella in case it rains. ____________________________

三: 条件状语从句的用法

1. if 意为“如果”；unless (=if not) 意为“除非，如果不”。

If you ask him, he will help you. _______________________

If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. _______________________(本句属于虚拟语气)

He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. _______________________

2. in case，supposing，suppose (that)等词汇意思相近，指“假如，假使，在……条件下”(比if 更为书面化)。

In case he comes, let me know. _______________________

Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不来，我们该怎么办？

3. as long as (=so long as) 意为“只要”。once（一旦）

You may use the book so long as you will return it on time. ____________________________

Once you meet her, you’ll never forget her. _______________________

四:比较状语从句

1. 用than引导

It’s easier than I thought. _______________________

The weather was worse than I had expected. ____________________________

I can throw the ball farther than you can. ____________________________

2. 用as…as引导

She doesn’t work as ha rd as me (as I do). _______________________

You know as much about that as I do. _______________________

五:让步状语从句的用法

1. although, though, even though, even if都表示“虽然，即使,尽管”之意, though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)，even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。

Although they are poor, they are happy.

Though they may not succeed, they will still try.

Even though/ if it was raining, she walked to work.

though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊，它可倒装，也可以不倒装

2. as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、即使、尽管”，必须采用倒装结构，as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为：形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词)/动词/过去分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分。

Child as he is, he can tell black from white ____________________________

尽管这道题很难，我还是会尽最大努力把它算出来。________________________________

3. “no matter＋疑问词”或“带后缀ever的疑问词”可以表示“不管……”的含义，引导让步状语从句However (= No matter how) much I tried, I failed to work out the maths problem.__________________

Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I will not change my mind. ______________________________ Whenever (=No matter when) you come, you will be warmly welcomed. ________________________ Wherever (=No matter where) you go, you will find the same thing. ____________________________ Whoever (=No matter who) you are, you have no right to do such a thing.________________________

4. “whether... or...” 引导含选择范围的让步状语从句,意为“不管…”。

I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. _____________________________

Whether she wins or loses, this is her last chance. __________________________________

六: 地点状语从句的用法

地点状语从句表示地点、方位，这类从句通常由where引导。

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

They will go where they are happy. 他们将去他们觉得快乐的地方。

七:原因状语从句的用法

1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强，最适合回答why引导的疑问句。

I do it because I like it.

注意“not ... because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句，

The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。

2. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由，与now that同意，译为“既然” ，较为正式，语气比because弱。

Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.

Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.

3. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。

As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽车。

As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了，你最好休息一下。

八:方式状语从句的用法

方式状语句常见的引导词有表示“按照/正如……”的as, 表示“好像……”的as if/as though及表示“按照…”的the way.

Let’s stud y as Lei Feng studied. ___________________________

Think as I think. ___________________________

He talks as if/though he is drunk. ___________________________

You must do the way (=as) your teachers teach you. ___________________________

注意:当说话者认为句子所述的是真实情况或者是极有可能发生、存在的情况时，as if/though 引导的方式状语从句需用陈述语气形式,但表示所叙述的情况与事实相反时as if从句中应使用虚拟语气。

He walks as if he is drunk. He walks as if he were drunk.

前一句表示“他已经醉了”，后一句则表示“他没有醉”。

九: 结果状语从句的用法

1. so that可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。

He worried so that he couldn’t sleep.他急得睡不着。__________

It was very cold, so that the river froze.天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。______________

2. 表示“如此……以致……”的“so... that...”和“such... that...”均可引导结果状语从句，其中的such 是形容词，修饰名词；so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词

(1)“so＋adj./adv.＋that”，“so＋adj.(＋a/an)＋n.＋that”；

(2)“such(＋a/an)(＋adj.)＋n.＋that”。

He speaks so fast that no one can catch him. ___________________________

There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused. ________________________ Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities. _____________________________

Step 3考点与难点归纳

考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题；

When, while, since, if, as soon as, by the time

考点二、连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while / as / when引导时间状语从句；because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句；if / unless引导条件状语从句；so…that / such…that引导结果状语从句等）；

考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换；

1.When she saw the jewels, she jumped with joy.

Seeing the jewels, she jumped with joy.

2. As he was ill, he went home.

Being ill , he went home.

3.As they are led by the party, the people have greatly improved their living conditions.

Led by the party, the people have greatly improved their living conditions.

4. As he was filled with new ideas, the young man invented many kinds of modern machines.

Filled with new ideas, the young man invented many kinds of modern machines.

考点四、状语从句的倒装结构（hardly / scarcely…when；no sooner…than等）Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.

No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.

考点五、从句连词的选用

1.根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词；

2.根据从属连词的词义

初中英语语法——If引导的条件状语从句(讲解及练习)

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条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless, as/so long as
1、if 从句 + 祈使句，“如果……，就……”
If you do not feel well, please go to see the doctor. 如果你感觉不舒服，就去看医生 吧。
If you want to know more about it, call now. 如果你想了解更多内容，现在就打电话 吧。
Make sure you visit the Science Museum if you ever go to London. 如果你去伦敦，一 定要去参观科学博物馆。
2、主将从现
If I start after dinner, I’ll finish it before I go to bed. 如果我晚饭后开始，睡觉前我就能 完成。
主句也可用“情态动词 + 动词原形” She may come with us if she arrives in time. 如果她来得及时，就可以和我们一起去。
3、if 条件状语从句和并列句的转换
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. = If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 练习 （一）句型转换 1. Run fast, or you’ll be late for school. _______ you _______ _______ fast, you’ll be late for school. 2. You can buy the dictionary if you take enough money with you. Take enough money with you, _______ _______ _______ buy the dictionary. 3. If there is no air, none of us can live. None of us can live _______ _______.
4、unless “除非”
Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. 不要离开大楼，除非我准许。 Unless you have finished your homework, I won’t allow you to watch TV. 除非你已完成 了作业，否则我是不会让你看电视的。 unless = if not You’ll be late if you don’t hurry. = You’ll be late unless you hurry. I can’t catch the train if I don’t get up early. = I can’t catch the train unless I get up early.
练习

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