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Dagama S-93_GPS Engine board_Manual_V1_2

S-9S-93

3SiRF Star Ⅲ

V 1.1.2

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/312591993.html,

2009/10/10

E-mail:service@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/312591993.html,

Free service hot-line(for

mainland):400-820-1322

Contents

1INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

1.1OVERVIEW------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

1.2MAIN FEATURES----------------------------------------------------------------------------3

1.3SPECIFICATIONS----------------------------------------------------------------------------4

1.4PROTOCOLS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

1.5PROGRAMMING RESOURCES---------------------------------------------------------5

1.6ANTENNA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

2HARDWARE INTERFACE--------------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.1PCB DIMENSION----------------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.2PIN ASSIGNMENT---------------------------------------------------------------------------7

2.3LAYOUT SUGGESTION--------------------------------------------------------------------10

2.4POWER SAVING-----------------------------------------------------------------------------10

2.5ANTENNA APPLICATION-----------------------------------------------------------------11

2.6RF_IN IMPEDANCE MATCHING--------------------------------------------------------15

2.71PPS OUTPUT--------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

3SOFTWARE INTERFACE---------------------------------------------------------------------------17

3.1NMEA OUTPUT MESSAGES---------------------------------------------------------------17

3.2GPGGA-GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FIX DATA-----------------------------18

3.3GPGLL-GEOGRAPHIC POSITION-LATITUDE/LONGITUDE------------------29

3.4GPGSA-GNSS DOP AND ACTIVE SATELLITES--------------------------------------20

3.5GPGSV-GNSS SATELLITES IN VIEW---------------------------------------------------20

3.6GPRMC-RECOMMENDED MINIMUM SPECIFIC GNSS DATA-------------------21

3.7GPVTG-COURSE OVER GROUND AND GROUND SPEED------------------------22

3.8GPZDA-SIRF TIMING MESSAGE--------------------------------------------------------23

1.Introduction

1.1Overview

The Dagama S-93is a tiny,low-power,ultra-high performance,easy to use SMT mountable GPS receiver module based on SiRF’s latest third generation single chip.Its small size/low power consumption/high performance enables the adoption of small handheld applications such as personal navigation device,PDA,GPS watch,personal locator etc.Its SMT design allows automatic pick and place assembly process.Additional convenient features of S-93make it the best choice of GPS application.

1.2Main Features

Not only handheld but also any other GPS applications can share the following major features of S-93.★Full implementation of ultra-high performance SiRFstarIII single chip architecture

★High tracking sensitivity of-159dBm

★Low power consumption of40mA at full tracking

★Ultra-small size of17(W)x22.4(L)x2.7(H)(mm)

★Additional hardware power saving control pin

★Active and passive antenna support via pin RF_IN

★Backup power supply pin for hot/warm starts and better performance

★Embedded ARM7CPU is available for external applications

★SMT automatic pick and place assembly support to reduce production cost

★Firmware upgradeable for future potential performance enhancements

★Fully shielded for EMC protection

★Active antenna surveillance and protection(optional)

1.3.Technical Specifications

1.3.1.Electrical Characteristics

◆GPS receiver type20channels,L1frequency,C/A code

◆Horizontal Position Accuracy<2.5m(Autonomous)

<2.0m(WAAS)

(50%24hr static,-130dBm)

◆Velocity Accuracy<0.01m/s(speed)

<0.01°(heading)

(50%@30m/s)

◆Time accuracy1μs or less

◆TTFF(Time to First Fix)Hot Start:1s

(50%,-130dBm,autonomous)Warm Start:35s

Cold Start:42s

◆Sensitivity Tracking:–159dBm

(Autonomous)Acquisition:-142dBm

(-142dBm28dB-Hz with4dB noise figure)

◆Measurement data output Update time:1second

NMEA output protocol:V.3.00

Baud rate:9600(default),9600,19200,38400,

57600bps(8-N-1)

Datum:WGS-84

Default:GGA,GSA,RMC，at1Hz and

GSV at1/5Hz

Other options:GLL,ZDA,or SiRF binary

◆Max.Altitude<18,000m

◆Max.Velocity<1,852km/hr

◆SBAS Support WAAS,EGNOS,MSAS(default disable)

◆Dynamics<4g

◆Power consumption40mA,continuous tracking mode

◆Power supply 3.3V

◆Dimension single side17.0(W)x22.4(L)x2.7(H)mm

◆Operating temperature range-40o C to+85o C

◆Storage temperature range-45o C to+100o C

1.4Protocols

Both NMEA and SiRF binary protocols could be supported via serial UART I/O port–

RXA/TXA.The default supported protocol is NMEA protocol.

1.Serial communication channel

i.No parity,8-data bit,1-stop bit(N-8-1)

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/312591993.html,er selectable baud rate among4800,9600,19200,38400,and57600

(default9600)bps.

2.NMEA0183Version

3.00ASCII output

i.Default GGA(1sec),GSA(1sec),GSV(5sec),RMC(1sec),

ii.Optional GLL,ZDA,VTG(1sec)

1.5Programming Resources

The GPS receiver is embedded an internal ARM7SOC.Its programming resources are available through the use of SDK from SiRF.Following are its related programming resources:

◆50-MHz ARM7TDMI processor

◆1Mb SRAM

◆4Mb flash memory

Please note that the receiver itself will use part of above resources.

1.6Antenna

Antenna Type Passive or active antenna via pin RF_IN

Active Antenna Recommendation Minimum gain18d B Maximum noise figure 1.5dB

Antenna Supply Using VCC_RF or external power source

Antenna Supervisor Short circuit detection Built-in Short circuit protection Built-in Short circuit report via GPIO Built-in Short circuit report via NMEA Built-in Open circuit detection Built-in Open circuit report via GPIO Built-in Open circuit report via NMEA Built-in

2Hardware Interface

2.1PCB Dimension

The dimension of S-93is17mm(W)x22.4mm(L)x2.7mm(H).

2.2Pin Assignment

28-pin Interface

Name Function I/O 1TXB Port B serial data output(from GPS);default No function Output

2RXB Port B serial data input(from GPS);default No function Input 3TXA Port A serial data output(from GPS);N-8-1,NMEA v3.00

output

Output

4RXA Port A serial data input(to GPS);N-8-1,accepts commands

from external applications,e.g.SiRFDemo.Input 5NC No connection-

6VCC Main power supply of3.3±0.3VDC.3.3VDC is the

standard suggestion.This power is also used to keep the

power of clock and fixing data.

Input

7GND Ground Input 8NC No connection-

9NC No connection-10nRESET Engine board reset input signal,active low,at least250ms.

This pin could be connected to a micro-processor’s GPIO

pin to control the reset of the engine board.A low signal of

250ms will reset it and re-start the acquisition process again.

It may be left open if it is not used.

Input

11V_BAT 2.0~3.6VDC backup battery connection for RTC and

internal RAM

-This pin is the source of the backup power supply.It

allows the time and fixing data to be kept while the main

power(VCC)is cut off.The time and fixing data could be

used to help reduce the time to first fix(TTFF).

-A power source could be connected to this pin directly.It

inputs the power to keep clock and fixing data.

-If connect a battery to this pin directly,then the built-in

charging circuit will charge the battery automatically using

the main power and thus this is an output pin.When the mai Power Input or Output

n power is off,the battery power is used to keep clock and

the fixing data.In this case this is a power input.

Input 12BOOTSEL Firmware upgrade selection pin.

“NC”for normal run(internal pull-low);

“High”for firmware upgrade.

Leave this pin open if the firmware upgrade is not needed.

13GND Ground Input 14GND Ground Input 15GND Ground Input 16RF_IN GPS signal from antenna;50Ohms@1.57542GHz

Input

Either active or passive antenna signal could be connected

to this pin.

17GND Ground Input 18VCC_RF VCC antenna power supply option.Leave it open if this

Output pin is not used.

This pin outputs the same DC voltage level as VCC(pin6).

If this voltage level is compatible

to external active antenna,it could be used to power the

antenna.In this case,connect

VCC_RF to V_ANT.If external power source is preferred,

leave this pin open.

Input 19V_ANT Active antenna power supply.Leave it open if a passive

antenna is used.

For active antenna,an antenna power supply is needed.This

supply could be from either external power source or from

the built-in power VCC_RF depending on the working

power requirement of active antenna.The antenna power

source should be well-regulated(Vpp of noise should be

less than50mV)so that the receiver could have best

performance.

20NC No connection-

21GPIO General Purpose I/O control pin I/O

22GPIO General Purpose I/O control pin I/O

23NC No connection-

24NC No connection-

25NC No connection-

2.3Layout Suggestion

Following is the pad layout recommendation data:

Layout Recommendation Unit :

2.4Power Saving

S-93supports various kinds of power saving mechanisms –Trickle Power,Adaptive Trickle Power,

Push To Fix,and power switch.The first three kinds of power saving mechanisms are implemented in software and the power switch mechanism is implemented in hardware.

2.4.1Power Saving of Trickle Power

26NC No connection

-27GPIO General Purpose I/O control pin

I/O 28

1PPS

1Pulse Per Second signal output.The rising edge of1PPS pulse synchronized to GPS second with precision of better than 1micro-second,pulse width of 1micro-second.

Output

The trickle power saving mechanism is achieved by switching off and on CPU and RF at a fixed time interval.The biggest time interval to report a position is10seconds.The on and off ratio is configurable.This feature is useful for applications that need to report position regularly while power saving is significant.This feature is done by firmware automatically if this feature is enabled.The standard firmware does not turn on this feature.It could be customized by request of MOQ.

2.4.2Power Saving of Adaptive Trickle Power

The adaptive trickle power saving mechanism is basically the same as trickle power saving mechanism with difference that it would not turn the power off if the signal quality is not good enough for tracking.Thus,it keeps both benefits of performance and power saving intelligently.This feature is done by firmware automatically if this feature is enabled.The standard firmware does not turn on this feature.It could be customized by request of MOQ.

2.4.3Power Saving of Push To Fix

The Push To Fix power saving mechanism will not report position data until a specified time interval expires or triggered by external event.Typically,to keep the up to date position data,it would wake up to collect ephemeris and almanac data every30minutes.The time interval is also configurable.This mechanism is especially useful for applications that need position data only on demand.This feature is done by firmware automatically if this feature is enabled.The standard firmware does not turn on this feature.It could be customized by request of MOQ.

2.5Antenna Applicatio n

RF_IN Antenna Connection–Passive Antenna

Following figure is a simple illustration of connecting a passive antenna.The passive antenna is connected to Pin16(RF_IN).Please note that there is no connection to V_ANT.

For backup battery connection,just connect it to the V_BAT pin is enough.It’s very simple and it does not need any other external components.

2.5.3RF_IN Antenna Connection–Active Antenna

For active antenna,a DC power supply is required.This power supply of pin19(V_ANT)will then be used to power the active antenna connected to pin RF_IN.Please do not connect the antenna power supply to pin RF_IN directly.The quality of antenna power affects the RF performance significantly. The peak to peak noise level should be less than50mV.

There are two power sources for V_ANT–the on-board power VCC_RF(pin18)and external power source.

The main power supply of VCC(pin6)could be used to power an active antenna.For this application,connect pin18(VCC_RF)to pin19(V_ANT)directly.To meet the stable power supply requirement,the peak to peak noise level of VCC(pin6)should be less than50mV.The active antenna is connected to Pin16(RF_IN).

Following figure is a simplified illustration of connecting an active antenna with external active antenna power source.The active antenna is connected to Pin16(RF_IN).

2.5.4Active Antenna Status Detection and Short Circuit Protection

S-93supports active antenna status detection without aid of external circuit.States of open circuit and short circuit could be detected.In addition,the short circuit protection circuit is also embedded

inside it.

Antenna requirement for this function requires:●voltage level to be between DC 3V~5V

●power consumption of 200mA and larger is treated as short circuit ●power consumption of 4mA and less is treated as open circuit

2.5.5Active Antenna Status Notification

Antenna status is reported in ways of both hardware and software.

Appendix:

Antenna Status sentence (Optional)

For S-93(ZANTAX)

2.6RF_IN Impedance Matching

The GPS signal is delivered from antenna to S-93via pin RF_IN.For the best delivery of GPS signal,

the signal trace from antenna to pin RF_IN should be well matched to impedance of 50-ohm.Otherwise the performance would be degraded.The RF_IN impedance matching arrangement is discussed in antenna types of passive and active as following.

$ZANTA $ZANTAX X ,0,0,,0,0,0,00,00,0*xx

*xx Field Message ID Antenna Port

Reserved Reserved Reserved Checksum

Message terminator Format

$ZANTA $ZANTAX

X int

int

*xx

Note

Message for

specified user External antenna status:

0:external antenna normal

1:external antenna open

2:external antenna short

R eserved R eserved R eserved

ASCII 13,ASCII 10

Example $ZANTA $ZANTAX X 0000*xx

Above figure is an illustration of patch antenna layout.Following items should be considered while arranging the signal trace:

●Width of signal trace

●Isolation width between signal trace and ground

●PCB structure and thickness

●Matching network(consists of L or C)along with the signal trace and near the RF_IN side for impedance tuning.

Following figure is another example of active antenna:

Basically,the consideration is the same as that of passive antenna.The major difference is the matching network.Please note that other kind of matching network is also possible to match it to the 50ohms impedance.

2.71PPS output

The1pulse per second signal output is a precise reference time signal.The rising edge of1PPS pulse is synchronized to GPS second with precision of better than1micro-second,pulse width of1micro-second.

Please note that1PPS signal will not output until the position has been fixed.Above is the1PPS signal taken from the screen of oscilloscope.

3Software Interface

3.1NMEA Output Messages

The NMEA-0183Output Messages are shown as below:

NMEA Record

Descriptions

GPGGA Global positioning system fixed data:time,position,fixed type

GPGLL Geographic position:latitude,longitude,UTC time of position fix and status

GPGSA GPS receiver operating mode,active satellites,and DOP values

GPGSV GNSS satellites in view:ID number,elevation,azimuth,and SNR values

GPRMC Recommended minimum specific GNSS data:time,date,position,course,speed

GPVTG Course over ground and ground speed

GPZDA PPS timing message(synchronized to PPS)

The S-93easy to use mountable GPS engine board adopts interface protocol of National Marine Electronics Association's NMEA-0183Version3.00interface specification.S-93supports8types of sentences-7standard NMEA sentences(GPGGA,GPGLL,GPGSA,GPGSV,GPRMC,GPVTG,and GPZDA)and a proprietary sentence(ZANTAX).

The default output sentences are GPGGA,GPGSA,GPGSV,GPRMC,

The UART communication parameters are9600bps,8data bits,1stop bit,and no parity.Other

output sentences,baud rate,and related configurations could be requested based on MOQ.

Single message example

$GPGGA,101229.487,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,07,1.0,9.0,M,,,,0000*3E $GPGLL,2446.8619,N,12100.2579,E,060725.000,A,A*7E

$GPGSA,A,3,05,02,26,27,09,04,15,,,,,,1.8,1.0,1.5*11

$GPGSV,3,1,12,07,62,081,37,16,61,333,37,01,60,166,37,25,56,053,36*74 $GPGSV,3,2,12,03,43,123,33,23,32,316,34,14,17,152,30,20,16,263,33*78 $GPGSV,3,3,12,19,17,210,29,06,08,040,,15,06,117,27,21,05,092,27*7E

$GPRMC,151229.487,A,3723.2475,N,12148.3416,W,0.13,309.62,120598,,,A*5F $GPVTG,,T,,M,0.00,N,0.0,K,A*13

$GPZDA,060526.000,20,06,2006,,*51

3.2GPGGA-Global Positioning System Fix Data

?Example

$GPGGA,101229.487,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,07,1.0,9.0,M,,,,0000*3E

?Explanation

Contents Example Unit Explanation

Message ID$GPGGA GGA protocol header

UTC Time101229.487hhmmss.sss

hh:hour,mm:minute,ss:second Latitude3723.2475ddmm.mmmm

dd:degree,mm.mmmm:minute

North/South N N:North Latitude,S:South Latitude Longitude12158.3416dddmm.mmmm

dd:degree,mm.mmmm:minute

East/West W E:East Longitude,W:West Longitude Position Fix Indicator10:Fix not available or invalid,

1:GPS SPS Mode,fix valid,

2:Differential GPS,SPS Mode,fix valid,

3~5:Not supported,

6:Dead Reckoning Mode,fix valid Satellites Used07Number of satellites used in positioning

calculation(0to12)

HDOP 1.0Horizontal Dilution of Precision

MSL Altitude9.0meters

Unit M Meters

Geoidal separation meters

M Meters

Age of Diff.Corr.second Null fields when DGPS is not used Diff.Ref.Station ID0000

*3E

End of sentence

3.3GPGLL-Geographic Position-Latitude/Longitude

?Example

$GPGLL,2446.8619,N,12100.2579,E,060725.000,A,A*7E

?Explanation

Contents Example Unit Explanation

Message ID$GPGLL GLL protocol header

Latitude2446.8619ddmm.mmmm

dd:degree,mm.mmmm:minute North/South N N:North Latitude,S:South Latitude

Longitude12100.2579dddmm.mmmm

dd:degree,mm.mmmm:minute

East/West E E:East Longitude,W:West Longitude

UTC Time060725.000hhmmss.sss

hh:hour,mm:minute,ss:second Status A A:Data valid,V:Data invalid

Mode Indicator A A:Autonomous,D:DGPS,E:DR

checksum*7E

End of sentence

3.4GPGSA -GNSS DOP and Active Satellite s

?Example

$GPGSA,A,3,05,02,26,27,09,04,15,,,,,,1.8,1.0,1.5*11?Explanation 3.5GPGSV -GNSS Satellites in View

?Example

$GPGSV,2,1,07,07,79,048,42,02,51,062,43,26,36,256,42,27,27,138,42*71$GPGSV,2,2,07,09,23,313,42,04,19,159,41,15,12,041,42*41?Explanation Contents Example Explanation Message ID $GPGSA GSA protocol header Mode 1A M:Manual—forced to operate in 2D or 3D mode

A:2D Automatic—allowed to automatically switch 2D/3D Mode 2

1:Fix not available

2:2D (<4Satellites used)3:3D (>3Satellite s used)Satellite used in solution 05Satellite on Channel 1Satellite used in solution 02Satellite on Channel 2

…Display of quantity used (12max)

PDOP 1.8Position Dilution of Precision HDOP 1.0Horizontal Dilution of Precision VDOP 1.5Vertical Dilution of Precision

checksum

*11

End of sentence

Contents Example Unit Explanation Message ID $GPGSV

GSV protocol header Number of messages 2Range 1to 3Message number

Range 1to 3

Satellites in 07

Number of satellites visible from receiver