中考英语长难句分析

4月26日------后置定语1

1. Earthquakes related to volcanic activity may produce hazards which include ground cracks, ground deformation and damage to manmade structures according to the historical records available.

volcanic: [v?l?k?n?k]: adj. 火山的；猛烈的n. 火山岩

hazard ： [?h?z?d] vt.冒险；使遭受危险 n.危险；冒险的事；机会

deformation：[?di:f?:?me???n] n.变形；词的变形；形态损伤，形状损毁

在本句中，分词短语related to volcanic activity是earthquakes的后置定语，由关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰hazards.从句中包含ground cracks, ground deformation, damage to manmade structures三个成分，另外according to引导的部分作整个句子的状语。

2.下面我们来看这个句子的划分：

Earthquakes related to volcanic activity may produce hazards

主语后置定语谓语 宾语

which include ground cracks, ground deformation and damage to manmade structure

定语从句

according to the historical records available.

状语

3.最后我们来看整个句子的翻译：

根据已有的史料记载，与火山活动有关联的地震可能会造成的危害有地裂、地面变形及对人造建筑的破坏。

通过对句子成分的具体划分，同学们会慢慢发现其实所谓的长难句并没有我们想象的那么难，静下心来一步一步分析，循序渐进，这样长久的累积下来你会发现你的阅读能力提高了，自然解题速度会加快，另外可以积累很多好句子以及掌握好句子的构成，对英语作文会有很大的帮助，所以加油吧孩子们！

4月27日------后置定语2

1.Two people confirmed on Saturday to be infected with bird flu were reported

to be in critical condition yesterday after being tested positive for the deadly H5N1 virus.

confirm: [k?n?f?:m] vt.确认，批准；证实

infect: [in?fekt] vt. 使受影响，感染；传染，散布病毒，侵染

bird flu:禽流感

critical: [?kritik?l] adj. 批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的，危急的；决定性的

virus: [?vai?r?s] n. 病毒；病毒性疾病；毒素，毒害

本句中，confirmed on Saturday to be infected with bird flu是主语two people 的后置定语were reported是被动形式的谓语，而to be in critical condition是不定式作宾语，yesterday是后置定语的时间状语，after being tested positive for the deadly H5N1 virus则是介词短语作整个句子的时间状语。

2.下面来看整个句子成分划分：

Two people confirmed on Saturday to be infected with bird flu

主语 后置定语

were reported to be in critical condition yesterday after being

谓语 宾语 状语1

tested positive for the deadly H5N1 virus.

状语2

3.最后我们来看这个句子的翻译：

据报道，在被检测出高致病性H5N1病毒呈阳性后，周六被证实感染禽流感的两名患者昨天已生命垂危。

本句中有两个时间状语和两个不定式，每个不定式又都涉及到被动语态形式，是一个比较复杂的句子。而两个时间状语同学们很容易把它们看成一个，翻译成：“昨天在被检查出H5N1病毒程阳性后两名患者生命垂危”。遇到有两个时间状语的时候同学们要仔细分析状语的前后位置，yesterday紧跟在后置定语之后，翻译的时候大家多加注意。

4月28日------长难句分析之后置定语3

1. Gary Locke, elected as the first Chinese American governor in the history of the United States in 1996 and re-elected to his second term by an overwhelming majority, almost 100 years after his grandfather left his village in South China`s Guangdong Province to set out for the land of his dreams,remains active in public affairs and participates in numerous Sino-American exchanges.

elect: [i?lekt] v.选择，挑选；选举re-elected: 再次当选

governor: [?ɡ?v?n?] n.主管人员；统治者，管理者；<美>州长

overwhelming majority: 压倒多数选票；压倒性优势

public affairs: 公共事务

participate: [pɑ:?tisipeit] vi.参加某事；分享某事

本句中elected as the first Chinese American governor in the history of the United States in 1996 和re-elected to his second term by an overwhelming majority 是并列结构，共同做主语

Gary Locke的后置定语。almost 100 years after his grandfather left his village in South China`s Guangdong Province to set out for the land of his dreams 是由连词after 引导的时间状语从句做整个句子的状语。谓语是remains,宾语是active,介词短语in numerous Sino-American exchanges 是宾语active的后置定语。

2. 下面我们来看这个句子的成分划分：

Gary Locke ,elected as the first Chinese American governor in the history of the United 主语后置定语1

States in 1996 and re-elected to his second term by an overwhelming majority, almost 100

后置定语2

years after his grandfather left his village in South China`s Guangdong Province to set out

状语

for the land of his dreams, remains active in public affairs and participates in numerous

谓语宾语后置定语3

Sino-American exchanges.

3．我们一起来看这个句子的翻译：

骆家辉于1996年当选为美国历史上首位华裔州长，以后又以压倒多数票再次当选下任州长，而差不多就在一百年前，他的祖父离开了中国南部广东省的村庄，启程前往他梦想中的国度。骆家辉至今仍积极从事公共事务，参与了众多的中美交流活动。

此句中有两个由and 连接的后置定语，分析句子成分时要注意两个定语的并列关系，定语可能会很长，不要着急找谓语，切忌把从句的谓语看成这个句子的谓语。后置定语3是介词短语作宾语active的后置定语。整个句子由于后置定语的大量使用导致同学们在翻译的时候遇到很大的障碍，所以大家在做阅读题时要格外留心，避免因翻译的问题失分。

4月29日------长难句分析之后置定语4

1.The colleagues left shocked and upset when told the news that Mr. Rizzo had

resigned from his post as director and dean of the university of Melbourne`s business school because of serious ill health said they were grateful for the enormous contribution Mr. Rizzo had made.

colleague:[?k?li:ɡ]n.同事；同僚；同行

resign: [ri?zain] v.辞职，放弃 n.辞去职务

Melbourne`s business school: 墨尔本商学院

enormous: [i?n?:m?s] adj.巨大的；庞大的；极恶的；凶暴的

本句中left shocked and upset是分词短语作主语the colleagues的后置定语，由when引导的时间状语从句做这个句子的状语，而时间状语从句中还有由that引导的同位语从句，用来解释说明news. 谓语是said, 后接省略that的宾语从句。

2.下面我们来看句子的成分划分：

The colleagues left shocked and upset when told the news that Mr. Rizzo had 主语 后置定语状语

resigned from his post as director and dean of the university of Melbourne`s

同位语从句

business school because of serious ill health said they were grateful for

谓语 the enormous contribution Mr. Rizzo had made.

宾语从句

3.下面我们来看整个句子的翻译：

当被告知里佐先生由于糟糕的身体健康状况，已经把主任的职位及墨尔本大学商学院院长的职位辞去时，同事们感到震惊与不安，并对里佐先生做出的巨大贡献表示感谢。

本句子是典型的从句套从句的复合句，理解起来有一定的困难，分析时一定要抓住句子的层次，把从句一个个拆分出来，这样有利于理解。

4月30日------长难句分析之定语后置5

1.Evidence provided by the school has proved that John was a good

student whose grades and attendance fell as he became addicted to playing video games.

evidence:[?evid?ns] n.证词；证据；迹象；明显

attendance: [??tend?ns]n.出席，参加；出席率；出席者，出席人数

addict:[??dikt]vt.使沉溺；使上瘾；使自己沾染（某些恶习）

本句由名词evidennce作主语，provided by the school作主语的后置定语，has proved作谓语，后接that引导的宾语从句，从句中John是主语，was是谓语，a good student是表语，而表语student 后接由whose引导的定语从句定语从句中grades and attendance作主语，fell作从句的谓语，后接由as引导的原因状语从句。

2.下面我们来看句子成分划分：

Evidence provided by the school has proved that John was a good

主语 后置定语 谓语 宾语从句

student whose grades and attendance fell as he became addicted to 定语从句 状语从句playing video games.

3.下面我们来看整个句子的翻译：

学校提供的证据证明约翰曾是一个好学生，但是当他沉迷于电子游戏之后，他的成绩和出勤率就一落千丈了。

本句中后置定语的判断并不难，难点在于多个从句的使用，另外句子中有过去时和现在完成时态，翻译的时候需要注意。

1.The children born in the village and left hopeless for lack of access to

education deserve our sympathy.

access: [??kses] n.入口，出口；接近，进入；增长；爆发

deserve:[di?z?:v] vt.应受；应得；值得

sympathy:[?simp?θi] n.意气相投，同感；同情，同情心；慰问；和谐的一致

本句中the children是主语，born in the village and left hopeless for lack of access to education是主语的后置定语。

2.下面我们来看这个句子的成分划分：

The children born in the village and left hopeless for lack of access 主语 后置定语

to education deserve our sympathy.

谓语 宾语

3.下面来看整个句子的翻译：

那些出生在偏远山村、由于没有上学的机会而绝望的孩子们值得我们同情。

虽然本句子的成分较少，结构较清晰，但是要注意的是后置定语部分很长，划分时容易出错。

1.The pressure put on her by her parents and felt from the society to do

better in school caused her to sit up, the long-term depression of which contributed to her mental collapse.

sit up: 熬夜

depression：[di?pre??n] n.萎靡不振，沮丧；下陷处，坑；衰弱；减缓

mental: [?mentl] adj.内心的，精神的，思想的，心理的；智慧的，智[脑]力的

collapse: [k??l?ps] n.垮台；（身体的）衰弱

本句中the pressure是主语，put on her by her parents and felt from the society是主语的后置定语，另外to do better in school也是the pressure的后置定语。谓语是caused,定语从句the long-term depression of which contributed to her mental collapse. 修饰整个句子。

2.下面我们来看句子成分划分：

The pressure put on her by her parents and felt from the society

主语 后置定语1

to do better in school caused her to sit up, the long-term depression 后置定语2 谓语 宾语

of which contributed to her mental collapse.

定语从句

3.下面我们来看整个句子的翻译：

她不仅承受着父母带给她的压力，还承受着来自社会的促使她在学业上力争上游的压力，这种压力逼着她熬夜，由此造成的长期忧郁导致她精神崩溃。

本句有两个后置定语，动词词组和动词不定式分别作主语的两个后置定语。

1.The Sydney Harbour Bridge opened in 1932, which was the city`s highest point

(134m)until1967and remains the largest steel arch bridge anywhere,is challenged only by the Opera House as Sydney`s best-known landmark.

Sydney Harbour Bridge: 悉尼海港大桥

steel arch bridge：钢结构拱桥

本句中主语是The Sydney Harbour Bridge，opened in 1932是主语的后置定语，由which引导的定语从句修饰主语，谓语是is challenged,宾语是the Opera

House，介词短语as Sydney`s best-known landmark作后置定语修饰the Opera House.

2.我们来看整个句子成分划分：

The Sydney Harbour Bridge opened in 1932,which was the city`s 主语 后置定语1

highest point (134m) until 1967 and remains the largest steel arch

定语从句

bridge anywhere, is challenged only by the Opera House as Sydney`s

谓语 宾语

best-known landmark.

后置定语2

3.下面我们来看整个句子的翻译：

于1932年开放的悉尼海港大桥在1967年之前一直都是城市的最高点

（高134米）并始终是最大的钢结构拱形桥。它所受到的唯一的挑战

来自悉尼最著名的标志性建筑——悉尼歌剧院。

本句定语从句较长，翻译时需多注意。

5月4日------长难句分析之定语后置9

1.The US Army plans to eliminate the green uniform worn by its soldiers

for more than 100 years and return to the traditional blue worn by those fighting the Revolutionary War.

eliminate: [i?limineit] vt.排除，消除；淘汰；除掉

uniform: [?ju:nif?:m] n.制服；军服

Revolutionary War: 独立战争

本句中过去分词短语worn by its soldiers for more than 100 years是the green uniform的后置定语，另外worn by those fighting the Revolutionary War是the traditional blue的后置定语。

2.下面我们来看整个句子的成分划分：

The US Army plans to eliminate the green uniform worn by its soldiers 主语 谓语1 宾语1

for more than 100 years and return to the traditional blue

后置定语1谓语2 宾语2

worn by those fighting the Revolutionary War.

后置定语2

3.下面我们来看整个句子的翻译：

美国军队计划淘汰士兵穿了100多年的绿色制服，回归到那些参加独立战争的士兵所穿的传统蓝色制服。

本句有两个并列成分构成，层次比较明显，划分时比较容易。