英美概况2
A. Government
B. individual
C. local
1.You could find the world-famous Speaker s’ Corner in _____.
A. Great Russell
B. Hyde Park
C. Westminster Abbey
2._____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.
A. Whitehall
B. St. Paul’s Cathedral
C. Westminster Abbey
3._____ is the monarch’s present London home.
A. Westminster Palace
B. Buckingham Palace
C. Whitehall Palace
4.Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _____ was born in 1564.
A. William Shakespeare
B. Charles Dickens
C. Samuel Butler
Fill in the Blanks
1.There are two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain. They are
the _____ school and the _____ school.
2.The independent school or “_____”school is few in number but of great
influence.
3.The four types of state schools in the secondary education are the _____ schools,
comprehensive secondary schools, _____ schools and secondary modern schools.
4.For all children in state schools, secondary education begins at the age of _____.
5.There are two systems for secondary education in state schools, the _____ and the
_____.
6.Under the old selective system, children took an examination called the _____
_____ in their last year at a primary school. The results of this examination determined the secondary education a pupil would receive.
7.The oldest schools in UK are _____ schools.
8._____ _____ schools were established before 1960, in which pupils were not
separated by the criterion of academic ability.
9.At _____ or _____ pupils take an examination, either at the Ordinary Level of the
General Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.
10.At 18 there is another examination for the pupils, the _____ _____ of the General
Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.
11._____ schools are often attached to polytechnics.
12.The four famous school: Eton College, Harrow School, Winchester College and
Rugby School are never referred to as colleges but _____ schools.
13.The public schools emphasize two factors in education. One is the study of
classics and science, the other is the development of what is called “_____”.
14.The old universities in Britain refer to _____ and _____.
15.The five types of universities are the two _____ universities, the four _____
universities, the middle-aged universities, the new universities an the Open university and the one _____ university.
16.Oxford got started in the _____ century. It has _____ colleges.
17.There are about _____ students in Oxford and Cambridge respectively.
18.The University of London is a type of _____ university.
19.There are three academic degrees in Britain, the _____, _____ and _____
degrees.
20.A class in a state school is often called a “_____”, never a “grade”.
21.Almost all the national papers are published in the city of _____.
22.The _____ _____ is the national centre of the press in the UK.
23.The most famous broadcasting company is _____ _____ _____.
24.The most well-known news agency is _____.
25.The second oldest university in Britain is _____.
26.The Independent Broadcasting Authority gets its money from _____.
27.You’ll find all BBC’s programmes in t he magazine _____ _____.
28.In 1851 Reuters was founded in _____.
29._____ is regarded as the most English games.
30.School boys usually play rugger or _____ in winter, _____ in summer.
31.Schools girls usually play tennis and _____ in summer and netball and _____ in
winter.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3f2876738.html,ball is a kind of basketball, and rounders is a sort of _____.
33.The _____ _____ founded in London in 1660 is one of the most prestigious
scientific bodies in the world.
34.Issae Newton held the president of the Royal Society for _____ years.
35.The famous book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was written by
_____ _____.
36.James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.
37._____ _____, an English physician, discovered the vaccine for preventing
smallpox and pioneered the sciences of immunology and virology.
38.The miner’s safety lamp was nicknamed _____ Lamp.
39.Charles Robert Darwin published his book On the _____ _____ _____which
caused a stir in Victorian times.
40.Oscar Wilder was an aesthete advocating “_____ _____ _____ _____”.
41.The seat of the British Houses of Parliament is _____ _____.
42.“Big Ben” was named after Sir _____ _____.
43.The place where many famous figures are buried is called _____ _____.
44.Karl Marx once came to study and work in the British Museum Library and
Completed most of his famous book _____ there.
45._____ Park in the Centre of London is one of the World’s most famous city parks.
46.The _____ of _____ was a state prison from Norman times.
47._____ is a most important street where some of the most important offices are
located.
48.The people can visit 300 life-size wax figures in _____ _____.
Explain the Following Term
1.BBC
2.The Open University
3.The Spectator
Answer the Following Questions
1.What is the public school system in the UK? (talk about this in the following
points: enrolment, funding and function)
2.What do you know about the difference between a quality paper and a popular
paper in Britain?
Social Life
1.Most British couples go to _____ to have their wedding ceremony.
A. church
B. concert
C. registry office
2.House prices are _____ in Britain.
A. low
B. affordable
C. high
3.British food is _____.
A. unlimited
B. abundant
C. limited
D. changeable
4.Newly wedded couples are _____ to have a baby.
A. eager
B. unwilling
C. not eager
5.The British people usually have a small quantity of _____ as a first course.
A. soup
B. sweet
C. vegetable
6.The best-known quality of the British people is their _____.
A. conservativeness
B. exclusiveness
C. phlegm
7.The English sense of humour is _____.
A. self-made
B. self-deprecating
C. self-respect
8.English people do not laugh at the following except _____.
A. a misfortune
B. a failure
C. a cripple
D. own faults
9.The right to privacy and personal freedom is _____ by the British.
A. disturbed
B. unquestioned
C. not allowed
D. questionable
10.Th ree “Don’ts” include the following except _____.
A. jumping up the queue
B. asking a woman her age
C. bargaining while shopping
D. laughing at one’s own faults
11.What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _____.
A. price
B. tax
C. weather
D. sports
12.Three “ings” include the following except _____.
A. betting
B. drinking
C. tipping
D. bargaining
13.The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly
on _____.
A. horse racing
B. Bingo
C. football pools
D. dog racing
14.The three royal traditions are the following except _____.
A. playing the flute
B. the changing of the Queen’s guard
C. making a parliamentary speech by Queen
D. watching the horse racing
15.Playing the flute is a tradition inherited from _____.
A. Queen Victoria
B. Queen Elizabeth
C. Mary I
16.John Bull denoted a frank, uneasy, funny _____ called John Bull in the 17th
century.
A. lady
B. boy
C. gentleman
D. young man
17.During the summer industrial workers in Britain have at least _____ weeks of
paid holiday.
A. four
B. five
C. three
18.State schools usually have _____ weeks of summer holidays.
A. six
B. seven
C. five
19.St. Patrick’s Day and Orangeman’s Day are the holidays only spent in _____.
A. England
B. Wales
C. Scotland
D. N. I.
20._____ is basically a home and family festival.
A. Christmas
B. Boxing Day
C. Easter Monday
21.The purely personal festival in Britain is _____.
A. Mothers’ Day
B. Fathers’ Day
C. birthday
22.Boxing Day is on _____.
A. the first weekday after Christmas
B. the following day of Christmas
C. the last Sunday of December
23.The festival which celebrates a historical event is _____.
A. Good Friday
B. Remembrance Day
C. Guy Fawkes Day
24.New Year’s Day is more important than Christmas to the _____.
A. Irish
B. English
C. Scots
D. welsh
25._____ commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, and Easter Sunday the
resurrection.
A. Easter Monday
B. Good Friday
C. Christmas
26.The birthday of the _____ is a National Day in Britain.
A. head of the House of Commons
B. British Monarch
C. Prime Minister
27.The Christmas pudding is dark brown, rich and fruity, sometimes with a few
_____ coins hidden in it.
A. gold
B. silver
C. copper
28.Armistice Day is on _____ when the British remember the millions of people
who died in the two world wars.
A. November 11th
B. April 21st
C. December 31st
29.Wages mean a payment usually of money for labour or services according to
contract and on the following basis except _____.
A. hourly
B. daily
C. monthly
D. piecework
30.The British people traditionally like to live in _____.
A. high buildings
B. small houses
C. big houses
31.At the age of _____, most men retire from their employment.
A. sixty
B. sixty-five
C. fifty-five
32.Buddhism was founded in the _____ century B.C. by Sakyamuni.
A. 6th
B. 7th
C. 8th
33.Islam was founded in the _____ century by Mohammed.
A. 7th
B. 8th
C. 9th
34.Christianity came into being in the _____ century.
A. first
B. second
C. third
35.Christianity consists of the following except _____.
A. Catholicism
B. Jewish Church
C. Protestantism
D. Orthodox Eastern Church
36.One of the Free Churches _____ is also called the Society of Friends.
A. the Baptist
B. Quakers
C. the Methodist
37.The Church of England is also called _____.
A. the Anglican Church
B. the Congregational
C. the Salvation Army
D. Puritanism
38.The Church of England came into being during the _____.
A. Glorious Revolution
B. Industrial Revolution
C. European Reformation
I.Fill in the Blanks
1.London Cockney is a kind of _____ spoken by some people in London.
2.In terms of marriage no child can merry below the age of _____.
3.The newlyweds often solve the problem of housing by renting or _____ or buying
a house.
4.The housework in Britain is usually done by _____.
5.The nickname for Britain is _____ _____.
6.There are _____ bank and public holidays in Northern Ireland.
7.There are a lot of things an Englishman is proud of, such as _____ _____ Bible
and _____’s plays, British Parliament and the _____ Revolution.
8. A British custom is “_____ _____”, such as letting a woman go first, protecting
her from traffic.
9.The two places where the changing of the Queen’s guard are in front of
Buckingham Palace and at the _____.
10.The Speaker is the head of the House of _____.
11.Christmas Day is on _____, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals.
12.There are two Bank Holidays in _____.
13.April Fool’s Day which makes you an “April Fool” falls on _____.
14.The first weekday after Christmas is _____ _____.
15.Father Christmas is also called _____ _____, who gives presents only to children
and knows what every child wants.
16.Remembrance Day is also called _____ _____.
17.The standard working week is usually between _____ and _____ hours in Britain.
18.Wage-earning workers are paid weekly, usually getting their wages in _____.
19.Salary earners are paid once a month or less frequently by _____ or paid into
their bank accounts.
20.The two things every employed man and woman has to pay the State are the
National Insurance and National Health and the _____ _____.
21.The “W.C.” means the _____ _____, a place where you relieve yourself.
22.The four major social benefits are unemployment benefit, _____ benefit, pension
and _____ allowance.
23.A woman’s retirement is a the age of _____.
24.The doctrine of _____ is found in Buddhist Scripture.
25.The doctrine of _____ is found in Koran.
26.The doctrine of Christianity is the _____ _____.
27.Christianity came into being in _____ A.D.
28.The Church of England today is all inclusive, have the ability to be both
Protestant and _____.
II.Explain the Following Terms
1.John Bull
2.Boxing Day
3.Easter
4.Armistice Day
5.Methodism
III.Answer the Following Questions
1.What is the best-known quality of the British?
2.Can you mention several religious groups in Britain? Tell the general
characteristics of one of them.
Political System
1.The British Monarchy is _____.
A. elective
B. democratic
C. hereditary
2.The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.
A. 17th
B. 16th
C. 15th
3.The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the
representative of the people.
A. Prime Minister
B. Crown
C. Parliament
4.The oldest part of British Parliament is _____.
A. the House of Commons
B. the House of Lords
C. the Charmer
D. the Shadow Cabinet
5.The decision making organ in British Parliament is _____.
A. the Crown
B. the Cabinet
C. Shadow Cabinet
6.The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.
A. four
B. six
C. five
7.The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the
_____ electoral districts.
A. 651, 651
B. 535, 535
C. 635, 635
8.The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, are
_____.
A. hereditary
B. appointed
C. elected
9.The quorum in the House of Commons is _____ members.
A. thirty
B. forty
C. forty-five
10.The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.
A. British government
B. British Parliament
C. Opposition
D. Privy Council
11.The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.
A. Cabinet
B. Privy Council
C. Crown
12.The Privy Council was established in the 15th century when _____ was on the
throne.
A. Henry V
B. Henry VI
C. Charles I
13.Not until _____ could the cabinet have a legal basis.
A. 1937
B. 1714
C. 1868
14.The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about _____.
A. 40
B. 20
C. 30
15.The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is _____.
A. Lord Chancellor
B. Speaker
C. Prime minister
16._____ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives, the Social Democratic
Federation, the Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900.
A. The Conservative Party
B. The Labour Party
C. The Liberal Party.
17.It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.
A. Prime Minister
B. Lord President
C. Speaker
18.The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _____.
A. Government
B. Opposition
C. Privy Council
19.London, because of its special location, is divided into _____ boroughs and the
city of London.
A. 20
B. 12
C. 32
20.“The Morning Star” is the official paper of the _____.
A. Communist Party
B. Labour Party
C. Liberal Party
D. Social Democratic Party
21.The following persons except _____ have no right to vote.
A. certified lunatics
B. criminals
C. government employees
D. peers who have seats in the Lords
22.In England and Wales, the jury consists of _____ people in criminal and civil
cases.
A. fifteen
B. twelve
C. seven
23.Legally any citizen aged from _____ to _____ who has never been sent to prison
can be a member of the jury.
A. 16, 60
B. 18, 65
C. 18, 60
24.The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _____.
A. Chief Constable
B. Chairman
C. Mayor
25.A _____ appointed to act for the State is called Queen’s Counsel.
A. barrister
B. solicitor
C. lawyer
26.Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for _____.
A. one year
B. two years
C. six years
27.The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _____.
A. the Queen’s Bench Division
B. the Criminal Division
C. the Chancellor Division
D. the Family Division
28.During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as
_____.
A. Roundheads
B. Loyalists
C. the Whigs
I.Fill in the Blanks
1.The present sovereign is _____ _____.
2.Elizabeth II came to the throne on Feb. 6th, _____.
3.The vital power lies in the _____ _____, and his/her cabinet.
4.The _____ is the only legal and constitutional link binding the members of the
Commonwealth to the home country and to one another.
5.The British Parliament consists of three elements –the _____, the House of
_____, and the House of _____.
6.The British legislature is _____.
7.The official head of Parliament is the _____.
8.The House of Commons appeared in late _____ century.
9.The government cannot legally spend any money without the permission of he
House of _____.
10.Each year the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the minister of _____ presented the
Budget.
11.The House of Lords is also called the _____ House, the House of Commons the
_____ House.
12.The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the _____ _____.
13.By passing the two acts in _____ and _____, the House of Lords has no power to
prevent the passing of legislation approved by the House of Commons.
14.The electoral districts of UK are called _____.
15.The head of House of Commons is the Speaker or _____ _____ _____ _____.
16.The house of Commons is divided in the light of political parties. The stronger
party forms the _____ and the weaker the _____.
17.The Lord President is the head of the _____ _____.
18.The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, _____ _____ _____.
19.There are three classes in the departmental working personnel. They are the
administrative class, the _____ class and the _____.
20.The administrative areas in terms of local government in England and Wales are
counties, districts and _____.
21.Every local council of a county or district has its presiding officer called the
_____.
22.Mayor or Lord is the presiding officer in a district which is called a _____ or
_____.
23.The two major parties in Britain are the _____ Party and the _____ Party.
24.During the Civil War, the non-Puritan Anglicans who supported the king and
church were known as Cavaliers or _____, the Puritans who supported Parliament were known as Roundheads or _____ _____.
25.In 1833 the Tory changed its name to the _____, and in 1860s the _____ became
liberals.
26.The expenditure of the local government comes from two major sources. One is
from local _____, the other is from the _____ central government.
27.Every _____ years a general election is held in Britain.
28.Every man and woman aged _____ or over has the right to vote.
29.A person who has no connection with any party is appointed in every
constituency as a _____ _____.
30.The whole of the UK is divided into _____ electoral districts.
31.In the UK, the House of _____ is the supreme executive body of the Law,
whereas the _____ _____ presides over the administration of Justice.
32.In terms of the nature of cases, we can divide the courts into two systems: the
_____ Courts and the _____ Courts.
33.The _____’s job is deciding whether the accused person is guilty or innocent in
the light of evidence.
34.In Scotland the jury consists of _____ people in criminal cases, _____ in civil
cases in the High court of Justice and _____ in civil cases in the County Court. 35.To become a barrister, one must be a member of the four inns of _____ and pass
the _____ examination.
36.The Metropolitan (London) police is the under the direct responsibility of the
_____ _____.
37.The headquarters of the London police is the famous _____ _____.
II.Explain the Following Terms
1.The Cabinet
2.The Speaker
3.Poor Law
III.Answer the Following Questions
1.Can you say something about the English Monarchy?
2.Which are the major parties in Britain? What are the characteristics of them? American Survey Test
1.The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the
Great Cordillera Range.
A. eastern
B. western
C. northeastern
2.In eastern _____ lies Death Valley, 85 metres below sea level.
A. California
B. Utah
C. Arizona
3.In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.
A. Rocky Mountain
B. Coast Range
C. Cascades Mountains
4.The _____ lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia Plateaus
A. Great Basin
B. Colorado Valley
C. Great Plains
5.The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.
A. California
B. Arizona
C. Wyoming
6.The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the
Colorado River.
A. Arizona
B. Utah
C. Montana
7.Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.
A. Erie
B. Superior
C. Michigan
8.Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.
A. Florida
B. Georgia
C. Virginia
9.Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.
A. Potomac
B. Delaware
C. St. Laurence
10.The width of the Niagara Fall is about _____ metres and the drop average _____
metres.
A. 1650, 50
B. 1240, 49
C. 1540, 49
11._____ part is the most densely populated region in America.
A. The southern
B. The northeastern
C. The western
12.The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.
A. Idaho
B. Arizona
C. Nevada
D. Utah
13._____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.
A. Philadelphia
B. Plymouth
C. Boston
14.About _____ of the world’s annual agricultural products come from the United
States.
A. half
B. one third
C. two thirds
15.The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.
A. Appalachian
B. Mekinley
C. Rocky
16.Mount Mekinley lies in the _____ Range.
A. Sierra Nevada
B. Cascades
C. Alaska
17.The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____.
A. New York
B. San Francisco
C. Miami
18.The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____.
A. Superior
B. Ontario
C. Victoria
19.The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.
A. Erie and Michigan
B. Erie and Ontario
C. Superior and Haron
20._____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.
A. 1/4
B. 1/5
C. 1/3
21.Texas, having belonged to _____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.
A. France
B. Russia
C. Mexico
22.Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.
A. Atlantic
B. Indian
C. Pacific
23.The American black population consists of _____ of the total population.
A. 1/10
B. 1/5
C. 1/9
24._____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.
A. Florida
B. Louisiana
C. Alaska
25.The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.
A. third
B. fifth
C. fourth
26.About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except
_____.
A. Atlantic Coast
B. Pacific Coast
C. Northwest
D. around the Great Lakes
E. Gulf of Mexico
27.There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A.
A. 8
B. 3
C. 6
28.Detroit is famous for the production of _____.
A. automobile
B. timber
C. bamboo
29.The City St. Louis in America is called the gateway towards the _____.
A. East
B. West
C. Northeast
D. Southwest
30.The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”.
A. Boston
B. Houston
C. San Francisco
31.The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.
A. blacks
B. Indians
C. Puerto Ricans
32.The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of _____,
providing _____ percent of the total output each year.
A. Pittsburgh, 60
B. Chicago, 50
C. New York, 60
33.The largest industrial city in America is _____.
A. Chicago
B. Boston
C. Houston
34.Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to _____.
A. subtropical
B. continental
C. tropical
35._____ is famous for many stores and shops.
A. Wall Street
B. Broadway
C. Fifth Avenue
36.In _____ people can find the historical spot, the Independence National Historical
Park.
A. Philadelphia
B. St. Louis
C. San Francisco
37.Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____.
A. Maine
B. Massachusetts
C. Connecticut
38.The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of _____.
A. the Gulf
B. the Atlantic
C. the Pacific
I.Fill in the blanks
1.The United States is situated in the _____ part of _____ America.
2.The U.S. is bounded by _____ on the north and by _____ and the Gulf of Mexico
on the south.
3.To the west of America lies the _____ Ocean.
4.To the east of America lies the _____ Ocean.
5.The seat of the American Federal Government is the District of _____.
6.The _____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.
7.The famous _____ National Park is located in the northwestern part of Wyoming.
8.The western part of the central plain is also called the “_____ _____”.
9.The Mississippi River flows from the _____ lakes to the Gulf of _____.
10.The lowest point in the whole of North America is _____ _____.
11.The world-known _____ _____ lies in northern Arizona, which is cut by the
Colorado River.
12.The largest island salt lake in North America is the _____ _____ Lake.
13.The United States includes _____ states and a _____ district, the District of
Columbia.
14.The Declaration of Independence was first read on July 4th, _____.
15.The two main tributaries of the _____ River are the Missouri River and the Ohio
River.
16.The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of _____ and the United States.
17.Through the middle of the country, north and south, runs a line which is known as
the _____ _____ _____ _____.
18.The South region in America has in general, a warm climate. People often call it
the “_____ _____”.
19.The largest state, _____, is famous for its glacier, waterfall and ripples.
20.There rises the tendency of shifting the centre of industries from the _____ to the
_____.
21.The famous _____ _____ is known as the financial centre, the symbol of the
American monopoly capitalism.
22._____ is the centre of theatres in America.
23.The nickname of Pittsburgh is the _____ and _____ City.
24._____ is the second largest in population in the U.S.
25.The two youngest states are _____ in the northeastern part of America and _____
in the central Pacific.
26.Most of the inhabitants in the U.S. are of _____ origin.
27.Negro slaves were first brought to America at the beginning of the _____ century.
28.The Death Valley is _____ metres below sea level.
29.The population of the United States is about _____ million.
30.The Statue of Liberty Island in _____ _____ harbour.
31._____ _____ is the base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A.
32._____ _____ is the smallest state in size and the most densely populated state of
the U.S.A.
33.From a geographical point of view, the fifty states are grouped into _____ regions.
34.The nickname of Houston City is _____ _____.
35._____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.
36._____ _____ is the longest and the most important river in the system of Gulf.
37.The Library of Congress is in the city of _____.
38.New England is located in the _____ corner of the country.
39.The area of the Pacific coast is known for its growth of fruits, vegetables and
wheat, especially in _____.
40.The Middle Atlantic Region is marked by its industry. It is often called the _____
Northeast.
II.Explain the Following Terms
1.“The backbone of the continent”
2.melting pot
III.Answer the Following Questions
1.Give a brief presentation of the U.S. economy.
2.Why is Detroit famous?
Part II History
I.Multiple Choice
1.The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.
A. 1620
B. 1607
C. 1776
2.The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.
A. Maryland
B. South Carolina
C. Delaware
D. Colorado
3._____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.
A. John Cabot
B. Magellan
C. Balboa
D. Cartier
4.The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.
A. simple
B. easy
C. rough
D. hard
5.The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.
A. 1765, 1766
B. 1764, 1765
C. 1763, 1764
6.The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.
A. Philadelphia
B. Boston
C. New York
7.The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.
A. 1776, 1784
B. 1775, 1783
C. 1706, 1714
8.Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.
A. Gettysburg
B. Pittsburgh
C. Trenton
9.The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.
A. New York
B. Saratoga
C. Bunker Hill
10.On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men
surrendered at _____.
A. Yorktown
B. Boston
C. Charleston
11.The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.
A. The Articles of the Confederation
B. Bill of Rights
C. Civil Rights
12.The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in
1791.
A. the Bill of Rights
B. the Articles
C. Civil Rights
13.After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the
capital for the time being.
A. Washington
B. New York
C. Philadelphia
14.The pamphlet “Common Sense” was written by _____.
A. Thomas Edison
B. Thomas Paine
C. Thomas Jefferson
15.The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was
called _____.
A. the “Intolerable Acts”
B. Un-American Activities
C. the Sedition Act
16.The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.
A. abolishing the Sedition Act
B. reducing taxes
C. purchasing Louisiana from France
17.The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S.
won the war.
A. 1812, 1814
B. 1813, 1815
C. 1814, 1816
18.As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of
Mexico was lost.
American History 英美概况美国历史
American History ?I. America in the colonial era ?II. The War of Independence ?III. The Civil War ?IV. America during the two World Wars I. America in the colonial era ?Who were the very first Americans? ?Who was the first one discovering the new continent? ?After whom was the new continent named? I. America in the colonial era ?1.The very first Americans were Indians. ●They created their civilization, known as Maya civilization, dominating Mexico and Central America from 4th to the 10th centuries. ●They were the descendants of the Mongoloid (蒙古人种的) people in Asia. ●About 20,000 years ago, they traveled to the North American continent across the Bering Strait (白令海峡). ?2. Christopher Columbus is believed to have discovered America. ●In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America. However, he believed he had reached India and called the natives Indians. ?In 1500, Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navigator, also under the Spanish flag, drew the conclusion that what he found was a new continent. 3. The establishment of colonies ?Since the America was found, the Spanish established many colonies: Florida, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. ?In 1588, the Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy，which put England in a better position to provide support for its New World colonies. 3. The establishment of colonies ?Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America. ?These 13 colonies were established in different patterns: ●crown colonies ( 直辖殖民地), ●proprietary colonies ( 业主殖民地), ●charter colonies ( 特许公司殖民地), ●self-governing or compact colonies ( 自治殖民地或契约殖民地). ?1) The first successful English colony in North America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia , in 1607. ?2) In 1620, a group of Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth, and built the New Plymouth colony in New England. These Pilgrims drew up the epoch-making Mayflower Compact (五月花契约), which was signed by all adult males on the ship. 3. The establishment of colonies ?3) From 1630 to 1643, some 200 ships transported over 20,000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony. ?Plymouth remained a separate colony until 1691 when it was combined with Massachusetts Bay colony. Puritans ?People who criticized or wished to "purify" the Church of England. ?"Puritan" refers to two distinct groups: ?"separating" Puritans, radical Protestants, such as the Plymouth colonists, the pilgrims, who believed that the Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it; and ?“non-separating” Puritans, such as the colonists who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who believed in
英美国家概况课后答案
英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案 1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ? 1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores…. 2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ? 2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again. Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century. 3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain. 3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation. 4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ? 4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use. 5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there? 5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.
英美概况(英国篇1：英国的国土与人民 )
I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊
英美概况美国部分整理
America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants
[0035]《英美国家概况》
[0035]《英美国家概况》 1 The River Thames is the famous "mother" river in Britain. Also known as the Thame River, which originated in the Cotswold Hills in southwest England, it has a total length of 346 kilometers. It spans over 10 cities in London, the UK capital, and along rivers. The basin covers an area of 13,000 square kilometers and changes in the downstream river in London. Wide, forming an estuary with a width of 29 kilometers, into the North Sea. Upstream in London, there are many places of interest along the Thames, such as Eaton, Oxford, Henry and Windsor. The estuary of the Thames is full of Britain’s busy merchant ships, but its upstream river is known for its static beauty. In the history of the United Kingdom, the Thames River Basin occupies a pivotal position. 2 It is changeable. 3 The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize 6 The Comprehensive Secondary School system, instituted before 1960, has been developing rapidly. The system requires children to start receiving school education at the age of 5. After six years of study at primary schools, they a re eleven years old. But the “eleven plus” is no longer required. All pupils from primary schools can be admitted into this kind of secondary schools. After 6 years of study at these secondary schools, pupils reach the school-leaving age 16. All of them are required to sit for national examinations conducted by public examining boards. Those who do not want to receive higher education take easier examinations to win the General Certificate of Secondary Education with which they can leave school and look for full-time paid jobs. Those who want to attend university are required to take different public examinations and the examination papers are more difficult. 7 The Comprehensive Secondary School system, instituted before 1960, has been developing rapidly. The system requires children to start receiving school education at the age of 5. After six years of study at primary schools, they are eleven years old. But the “eleven plus” is no longer required. All pupils from primary schools can be admitted into this kind of secondary schools. After 6 years of study at these secondary schools, pupils reach the school-leaving age 16. All of them are required to sit for national examinations conducted by public examining boards. Those who do not want to receive higher education take easier examinations to win the General Certificate of Secondary Education with which they can leave school and look for full-time paid jobs. Those who want to attend university are required to take different public examinations and the examination papers are more difficult 9：The Mississippi river, also known as “old man river”, is the most important and largest river of theUnited States. Nearly all the rivers west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Rockies flow toward each other and empty into this largest river, the “father of waters”, ofAmerica. The
英美概况 美国篇
一、概况 1.50 States Its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific. 2.Races and Population 在东部时间2006年10月17日早晨7点46分，美国人口总数突破三亿大关，这是美国人口史上具有里程碑意义的一刻。3.06188亿（2009年，世界国家和地区第3名，次于中国、印度） 3.The Composition of American Population 1)The Majority:the descendants of immigrants from European countries, such as France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, and Spain;“Pilgrim Fathers”;Potato famine 2)The Minorities:The African Americans: black slaves from Africa;Indians: the number of native Americans has been falling, no more than a million;The Hispanics: immigrants or descendents of immigrants from Latin America, such as Cuba and Mexico (Mexicans are the most numerous among them);Asian-Americans, from China, Japan and Korea;More than a million Chinese-Americans, most of whom live in Hawaii, on the West Coast and in some big cities;5 million Jews in America, many of whom went there during the Second World War and achieved great success in America. 3)“The Melting Pot”:It means immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.“old immigrants”: came to America before 1860;“new immigrants”, after 1860.The Immigration Quota Law was passed by the American government in 1924. 二、Early History 1.Columbus：1492 Christopher Columbus arrived at Salvador Island, thus discovered the “New World”.(Amerigo V espucci: named “America”) 2.The first English permanent settlement:1607 The first group of English colonies came to America and built their settlement of Charleston which later was expanded into the first English colony known as Virginia. 3.Pilgrim Fathers:1620 Some English immigrants (Puritans) sailed into Plymouth on a ship called the “Mayflower”.102 Puritans, 60 days.Mayflower Compact, “one man one vote”, “one-man rule” 4.The values of Puritans:hard work; commercial success; the importance of education 5.Thanksgiving:1621 Thanksgiving Day was first celebrated by the pilgrims of the Plymouth Colony. 三、American Revolutionary
英美国家概况总结
英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府 威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府 北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府 伦敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺，这里有议会houses of parliament，包含大钟楼big ben，白厅whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫，还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。 The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章，亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。 议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。 玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革： Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎（duduo）打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。 亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。 文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance 文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期，罗马教会经历新教改革，人文主义兴起，海外探索（大航海时代？）。 英国内战The Civil Wars 是国王和议会间的战争，Norttingham King Charles和议会开战，国王军是Cavaliers(骑士)，议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)，因为他们短发。查尔斯战败，克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命，因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度，甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度，被认为是世界现代史的开端。 王朝复辟The Restoration 克伦威尔死后，儿子Richard 继位，但是统治失败，议会选择让上代国王流放法国的儿子King Charles 二世回归。 光荣革命The Glorious Revolution 奥兰治王室（William of Orange橘子？英国的名字真搞笑），用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权，William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案，英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。 辉格党和托利党（Whigs and Tories） 两党名称来自光荣革命，辉格党就是后来的Liberal party，托利党是Conservative party
《英美概况》课后练习
期末考试 一、单项选择题 1. The UK is bordered on the _____ by the English Channel. A. east B. west C. north D. south 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK is bordered on the south by the English Channel.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK), 2. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called _____. A. the Straits of Dover B. Chunnel C. Strait of Gibraltar D. Marroqui 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK),
3. The UK has a _____ climate. A. arid climates B. semi-humid C. continental D. maritime 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK has a maritime climate.参见教材P88。本题知识点：Climate(UK), 4. The UK is an island country which lies between latitude _____ north. A. 50° to 60° B. 30° to 40° C. 40° to 50° D. 60° to 70° 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The UK is an island country which lies between latitude 50° to 60° north.参见教材P88。 本题知识点：Climate(UK), 5. The UK has a _____ throughout the whole year.
英美国家概况
《英美国家概况(英文版)》是专为各类高职高专院校(包括电大、成人教育学院、自考等)英语专业一、二年级学生编写的教材。通过介绍英国和美国的地理、历史、政治、经济、教育、文化等背景知识，帮助学生提高对文化差异的敏感度，提升商务语言在工作情境中的综合运用能力;拓展有关知识从而深化语言基础、提高阅读效果和写作效果，提升有效交际能力;帮助学生以史为鉴，对东西方文化差异进行思考和分析，提高文化修养和公民意识;综合运用其他语言和商务课程的知识和技能进行团队合作，提升创新思维能力和有效解决问题能力。《英美国家概况(英文版)》集时代性、实用性、趣味性为一体，以能力培养为主线，以易教与易学的思路设计学习模块，整体编排从课堂教学实际出发，充分发挥学生的主观能动性，促使学生思考，鼓励学生积极参与教学活动，锻炼学生运用语言知识的实际能力。 英美法系包括：英国（不包括苏格兰）、美国（路易斯安那州除外）外，主要是曾是英国殖民地、附属国的国家和地区，如印度、巴基斯坦、新加坡、缅甸、加拿大（魁北克省除外）、澳大利亚、新西兰、马来西亚等。中国香港地区也属于英美法系。 目录： Part One The United Kingdom (Chapter 1 Geography3 I. The Nation4
II. England5 III. Scotland5 IV. Wales6 V. Northern Ireland6 VI. The Land7 VII. The People9 Work Sheet11 (Chapter 2 History15 I. Prehistory to the Norman Conquest16 II. The Norman Conquest and the Middle Ages18 III. The Sixteenth Century19 IV. The Seventeenth Century—Civil War21 V. The Eighteenth Century22 VI. The Nineteenth Century24 VII. The Twentieth Century26 VIII. The Cold War28 IX. Towards the 21st Century29 Work Sheet34 (Chapter 3 Monarchy and Government39 I. The Monarchy40 II. The House of Lords42 III. The House of Commons43