2020年高考英语刷题卷四(含答案解析)

2020年高考刷题卷四

英语

（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：120分）

注意事项：

1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

What is body surfing?

Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. That’s why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports—free climbing and cliff diving are. others—that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.

How do you do it?

To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.

What do you need?

It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.

Unofficial world championship

Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.

1. How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?

A. Only using the human body.

B. Only relying on a surfboard.

C. Only following a wave.

D. Only swimming along the beach.

2. Which can make you surf faster?

A. Flippers and a wetsuit.

B. A wetsuit and a handboard.

C. A handboard and boardshorts.

D. A handboard and Flippers.

3. What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?

A. It is for local bodysurfers.

B. It is held annually in Hawaii.

C. All famous bodysurfers favor it.

D. Mike Stewart attends it every year.

B

Promise Sawyers, a 10-year-old girl in Nashville, Tenn., is inspiring people old and young after making a video before going to school “bigger and better” with her natural hair, just one day after she was made fun of for her afro.

Promise Sawyers’ motivati onal video was posted online by her mom Qui Daugherty, after the 5th-grader secretly recorded it on Daugherty’s phone. In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling “some type of way” after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before. But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following day. “Don’t allow anyone to steal your joy,” Promise said. “Don’t give them that much power.”

Daugherty says that Promise has been surrounded by that type of positivity her whole life. She’s always taught her daughter to “meet a negative with a positive”, even when somebody is trying to bring her down. And although this example seems like one of the more disheartening( 令人气馁的) ones that Promise has faced after starting at a new school, her video proved that she took her mom’s advice to heart.

Now, nearly 2 million views later, people everywhere are responding to the video. “We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messag es,” Daugherty said. “It’s made a huge impact behind the scenes that has blessed me personally.”

Daugherty jokes that Promise doesn’t understand how influential her words are. Instead, the 10-year-old is just excited about the millions of views.

“I just tell her not to focus on the numbers,” Daugherty says. “Let’s find a way we can be impactful behind this and make an influence and inspire people. That’s all we want.”

4. What does the underlined word “afro” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A. A hairstyle.

B. A disability.

C. An attitude.

D. A video.

5. What did Promise decide to do after being teased by her classmates?

A. Seek some advice from her mother.

B. Make herself look bigger and better.

C. Record her sadness on video silently.

D. Keep wearing the same hair to school.

6. What will Daugherty advise Promise to do when there’s something disheartening?

A. Switch to a new start.

B. Look on the bright side.

C. Make necessary changes.

D. Share her joy with others.

7. How did Daugherty feel about people’s resp onse to the video?

A. Embarrassed.

B. Worried.

C. Confused.

D. Surprised.

C

Most squirrels don’t hibernate(冬眠). Instead, they store food for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism(新陈代谢), and body temperature dramatically drop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.

To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels' blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldn’t drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.

Next, the researchers wanted to know how the squirrels’ blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute(稀释) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank less water than they normally did.

Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last month in Current Biology. The finding could also explain

how other hibernating animals stay containing water.

This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to drop their blood conc entration, it’s unlikely they’ll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.

8. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?

A. They don’t hibernate like many other squirrels.

B. They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.

C. They can live for months without water during hibernation.

D. Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal.

9. The hibernating squirrels don' feel thirsty because of their___________.

A. high blood concentration

B. low blood concentration

C. low body temperature

D. high heart rate

10. Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood concentrations by_____________.

A. Drinking much water before hibernation

B. Not eating anything during hibernation

C. Drinking less water than they normally do

D. Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere

11. What is the author’s attitude towards the new findings?

A. Objective

B. Positive

C. Disappointing

D. Uncaring

D

What inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students’ effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money.

Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the

most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity and motivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities.

In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.

12. Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _____.

A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards

B. the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativity

C. the relationship between actions and their consequences

D. the effects of external rewards on students' performance

13. Which of the following doe s NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”?

A. Tom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.

B. Mary was praised by the teacher for making progress in English.

C. Jacky made great efforts to enter a major university.

D. John was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.

14. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?

A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.

B. Assigning them tasks which require creativity.

C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.

D. Giving them rewards they hope for.

15. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they think _____.

A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students

B. punishing students is more effective than rewarding them

C. failing unmotivated students helps improve their academic standards

D. discouraging students’ expectation of easy rewards is important

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books. 16. Without a friend, our world would be a wilderness. What kind of friends should we pick? What are the dos and don’ts of friendship? Here are some of my opinions.

17. We may consider different people we meet every day to be nice and feel like making friends with them. However, not all good people are matches for us. Rather than make friends with the popular students, we should spend time with those we have things in common with, or who will be there to listen to us. Moreover, we should be careful about students with many bad habits, since they could pass those habits on to us.

Being tolerant is a good idea. No one is perfect. 18. Therefore, we should try to understand our friends and be patient with them when they make mistakes since we’re all on a journey to being better people. Gradually, our friendships will last longer and become more solid.

Be honest. 19. Howeve r, it’s better to be honest with friends, to tell them what is bothering us and seek their advice. Being honest will not annoy your friends, but it will bring you and your friend closer together.

We need to be open-minded. Listen to others’ ideas, whether you agree with them or not, and be happy to make friends with your friends’ friends. 20.

A. We must be careful.

B. We need to be well-informed.

C. As is said, honesty is the best policy.

D. A friend without faults will never be found.

E. None are so deaf as those who will not hear.

F. Still, spending time with friends is also necessary and good for us.

G. We all tend to show our positive side to friends and hide our true feelings.

第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Over two weeks ago I was standing on the summit of Mount Qomolangma. It was the top of many years’ hard work, and the 21 of a childhood dream.

I have been overwhelmed by the tide of goodwill and 22 . But one thing has become 23 apparent. Many people have constant misunderstandings about Mount Qomolangma. In their 24 , Qomolangma has 25 her crown. She has become a mountain synonymous with death, exploitation and 26

The most common question I get asked is: “Is it27 in rubbish?” As a United Nations patron( 资助人) of the wilderness, one of my roles is to 28 back from the Earth’s remaining wildernesses and to act

as a 29 for the wild.

I climbed Qomolangma expecting a rubbish dump but what I found 30 me: I 31 saw any litter, from the airport to the summit.

The Nepalese have 32 some huge clean-up campaigns in recent years, perhaps to improve their reputation, but also in response to some tragic natural disasters. The government 33 a number of requirements including that each climber 34 an additional 8kg of litter (not including their own) and incentives( 激励) for Sherpas( 夏尔巴人) of $2 per kilo of rubbish cleaned.

The results have been 35 . The country lanes of Great Britain have more rubbish than the 36 to base camp; despite the 100,000 footfalls I saw one of the cleanest, tidiest wilderness trails I have encountered.

I have spent time in many of the world’s popular wilderness locations and I would say Nepal should be

37 . It is an example of man repairing the 38 he has done. As our focus turns to the oceans and the seemingly 39 task of repairing our marine habitat, we could look at Qomolangma as a fine 40 of turning back the clock.

21. A. realization B. motivation C. connection D. schedule

22. A. respond B. protection C. change D. support

23. A. strangely B. naturally C. increasingly D. easily

24. A. symptoms B. minds C. stories D. permits

25. A. lost B. fed C. counted D. saved

26. A. adventure B. pollution C. settlement D. choice

27. A. covered B. seized C. found D. poured

28. A. expect B. appreciate C. apply D. report

29. A. plan B. title C. voice D. lesson

30. A. surprised B. served C. forced D. stressed

31. A. silently B. eagerly C. frankly D. hardly

32. A. challenged B. conducted C. observed D. qualified

33. A. appealed to B. taken in C. depended on D. put forward

34. A. share B. confirm C. remove D. bear

35. A. selective B. familiar C. impressive D. repairable

36. A. reality B. trail C. opportunity D. league

37. A. vital B. proud C. simple D. unique

38. A. conclusion B. convenience C. arrangement D. damage

39. A. impossible B. necessary C. unusual D. extra

40. A. content B. direction C. example D. situation

第二节（共10小题；每小题l5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

If this 13-year-old American boy succeeds in his effort 41. (climb) Mount Everest, he has modest ambitions — pick a small piece of rock from the top of the world as a memento (纪念品) and wear it in a necklace.

"I will not sell it or give it to anyone. It is something for 42. (me) to say ‘this is a rock from the summit', ” Jordan Romero from California, told reporters in Kathmandu. He left 43. the mountain on Sunday.

If he 44. (succeed), Romero will become 45. youngest climber to scale the 8,850 meters Everest summit.

46. (current) a 16-year-old Nepali boy, Temba Tsheri Sherpa, holds the record of being the world 's youngest climber of Mount Everest. But Romero said he was not after 47. (set) climbing records.

Romero said Mount Qomolangma was part of his goal to climb the highest mountains on all seven 48. (continent).

"It is just a goal,” he 49. (say) confidently. "If I don't succeed I am okay. I will try again. ”

Romero has already climbed Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mount McKinley in Alaska among others.

"I know it requires a lot of 50. (patient). I will remain patient. I want to stay safe and make right choice, ”Romero said.

第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I’m having wonderful time here in France. Now I’m drinking fr?ccs in one of the open-air café. The first day when we went on a guided tour of Paris. We saw most of the famous sights like the Louvre, where they have an amazed collection of paintings, but the Eiffel Tower. Yesterday we went down to the South of France by train. It