中考英语不规则动词名词形容词副词形式变换

不规则动词

1.A-A-A型（无变化的动词）

cut-cut-cut let-let-let hit-hit-hit put-put-put cost-cost-cost hurt-hurt-hurt read/ri d/-read[red]-read[red]

2.A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat-beat-beaten

3.A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come-came-come

become-became-become

run-ran-run

4.A-B-B型（动词的过去式与过去分词相同）

（1）词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t”

build-built-built lend-lent-lent send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent

burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burned learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned

mean-meant-meant

（2）把原形变为aught及ought的变化（如果原形有a则是aught，无a则是ought）

buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought

fight-fought-fought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught

（3）eep变ept或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词

keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left

say-said-said meet-met-met spell-spelt-spelt

smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled hold-held-held feel-felt-felt

（4）其他

dig-dug-dug find-found-found stand-stood-stood

understand-understood-understood get-got-got sit-sat-sat

spoil-spoilt-spoilt have/has-had-had sell-sold-sold tell-told-told hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung hear-heard-heard make-made-made

pay-paid-paid lay-laid-laid lie（说谎）-lied-lied lose-lost-lost

shine-shone/shined-shone/shined win-won-won shoot-shot-shot

5.A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）

（1）in、im的变化（i-a-u型）

sing-sang-sung ring-rang-rung begin-began-begun

drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk

（2）在动词原形后加－n或－en构成过去分词

①ow及aw的变化（过去式以ew结尾，过去分词以wn结尾）

draw-drew-drawn know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown

blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown fly-flew-flown

②元音是i的开音节的变化（过去分词以en结尾）

drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden

write-wrote-written give-gave-given

③其他

see-saw-seen eat-ate-eaten take-took-taken fall-fell-fallen freeze-froze-frozen show-showed-shown break-broke-broken

speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken choose-chose-chosen

forget-forgot-forgotten lie（躺，放）-lay-lain wear-wore-worn

be（am，is，are）-was/were-been

（3）其他

go-went-gone do-did-done

6.有过去式，没有过去分词的动词

can-could may-might must-must shall-should will-would

不规则名词复数形式

1.以－f或－fe结尾的名词变复数

（1）加－s，如：

belief-beliefs roof-roofs gulf-gulfs

（2）去f，fe加－ves，如：

half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives wolf-wolves

thief-thieves self-selves wife-wives shelf-shelves

歌诀记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄；妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去割粮；架（shelf）后窜出一匹狼（wolf）；就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）亡。这9个名词变复数时，都要改－f（e）为v，再加－es，其他的以－f（e）结尾的名词则直接加－s变复数。

2.以－o结尾的名词，变复数

（1）加s，如：photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos

（2）加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-heroes

歌诀记忆：黑人（Negro）和英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和马铃薯（potato）。除了这四个以－o结尾的名词加－es外，其余的以－o结尾的名词加－s。

3.表示“国家”的名词变复数

Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen

Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians

Canadian-Canadians American-Americans

歌诀记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变，英（Englishman）法（Frenchman）变，其余后面（如German等）加s。

4.以复数形式出现的名词

scissors剪刀goods货物trousers/pants/shorts裤子clothes衣服

glasses眼镜

5.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词

（1）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

（2）news是不可数名词。

（3）the United States，the United Nations应视为单数。

6.由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数

如：man worker-men workers（男工人）

woman doctor-women doctors（女医生）

7.以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es。例如：

baby-babies city-cities story-stories party-parties lady-ladies

diary-diaries army-armies century-centuries copy-copies

8.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加－es，如：

class-classes box-boxes watch-watches speech-speeches bus-buses brush-brushes bench-benches beach-beaches boss-bosses

church-churches

9.其他不规则变化

man-men woman-women goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth

child-children fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep mouse-mice

fisherman-fishermen

歌诀记忆：男人（man）？女人（woman）？a变e，鹅（goose）？足（foot）？牙（tooth）？oo变ee。孩子（child）加上ren，鱼（fish）？鹿（deer）绵羊（sheep）不用变。

[注]fish指鱼的种类时，要加上－es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复数同形；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。

不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级

原级比较级最高级

bad worse worst

badly worse worst

far farther farthest

further furthest

good better best

ill worse worst

late later latest

little less least

many more most much more most old older

elder oldest eldest

well better best

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build 建筑built built burn 燃烧burnt/burned burnt/burned burst爆发burst burst buy 买bought bought can能could ____ cast 抛掷cast cast catch 捉抓caught caught choose 选择chose chosen cleave劈开,剁开,割开clove/cleft cloven/cleft cling 依俯clung clung clothe给…穿衣clothed/clad clothed/clad come 来came come cost 值花费cost cost creep 爬crept crept cut 割cut cut dare 敢dared/durst dared deal 分配对付dealt dealt dig 挖掘dug dug do 做did done draw 拉画drew drawn dream 梦dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed drink 喝drank drunk

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feel触摸felt felt fight作战fought fought find找出found found fly飞flew flown forbid禁止forbade / forbad forbidden forget忘记forgot forgot / forgotten forgive原谅forgave forgiven freeze结冰froze frozen get得到got got give 给gave given go去went gone grow成长grew grown hang挂/ 绞死hung / hanged hung / hanged have/ has有had had hear听到heard heard hide隐藏hid hidden / hid hit打hit hit hold拿住held held hurt受伤hurt hurt keep保持kept kept know知道knew known lay放置laid laid lead引导led led learn学习learnt / learned learnt / learned leave离开left left lend借贷lent lent let 让let let lie躺lay lain light点着lit / lighted lit / lighted lose遗失lost lost make制作made made may可以might × mean表…意思meant meant meet遇到met met mistake误认mistook mistaken misunderstand误会misunderstood misunderstood

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