英语学习技巧、方法：铭记五个字人称、时态、数

学英语铭记在心的五个字：人称、时态、数，将伴每个英语学习者的一生。

一、人称

1、各种人称：第一人称我（I ）、我们（we ），第二人称你（you ）、你们（you ），第三人称他、她、它（he 、she 、it ），他（她、它）们（they ）。 人称代词

注意：作主语用主格，主语是动作的发出者、执行者； 作宾语用宾格，宾语是动作的承受者、施加对象。

I ( 语 格) hit him ( 语 格), he ( 语 格) doesn ’t cry, he ( 语 格) shouts to me (

语 格). “you ( 语 格) can ’t understand me ( 语 格).” he ( 语 格) says. 物主代词

注意：形容词性物主代词不单独使用，后加名词，作名词定语。my book 名词性物主代词单独使用，代替前文出现过的形容词性物主代词加名词。

This isn’t my notebook. Mine(= ) is red. Do you know what color his(= ) is. It is blue. I think it’s the same as yours(= ).

2、英语人称分为第三人称单数（简称三单）和非三单：

（1）三单包括he、she、it和单个的人名（Mary）、地名(Harbin)、事物名(a book)，其余各人称为非三单。

（2）当主语人称为以上第三人称单数时，谓语动词需由原型变为动词的第三人称单数，加-s或-es。 He goes(×go) to work every day.

（3）动词第三人称单数的变法：

①一般在动词原形后加-s likes runs

②以ch、sh、s、x、o的动词尾加-es teaches washes passes goes

③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加es try-tries study—studies

④以元音字母加y结尾的动词，不变y为i，直接加s stays plays

二、数——包括名词的单复数和动词的第三人称单数

1、名词是表示人或事物名称的词，按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不

可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，当可数名词数量表示多个时，需把单数变为复数（a bike---two bikes、 a student---twenty students）。大体上可用“分一为二”的方法来区分可数与不可数名词，即把物体从中间分开后不具有原来的性质、状态、用途的话，那此物体就是可数名词，例：desk、

computer、building、house等；如仍然具有原来的性质、状态、用途的话，则是不可数名词，例：water、meat、bread、rice等

可数名词单数变复数的规则

构成读音例词

(1)一般加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ cakes /k e?ks/

在浊辅音和元音后读/z/ doors /d?:z/

(2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词加-es 读/?z/ buses/b?s?z/

(3)以f(e)结尾的词变f(e)为-ves 读/vz/ knife—knives/n a?vz/

(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为-ies 读/z/ baby—babies/b e?b?z/

(5)以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s 读/z/ days/d e?z/

可数名词单数变复数不规则的

（1）改中间元音字母的man—men woman—women foot—feet tooth--teeth （2）单复数相同的sheep—sheep deer—deer Chinese Japanese （3）以o结尾的两人两菜加-es heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes 其它以o结尾的加-s zoos pianos photos kangaroos （4）“某国人”变复数记口诀：中日不变英法变，其余“s”加后边。

国家人民语言国家人民语言

①China------Chinese--------Chinese Japan--------Japanese------Japanese

②England---Englishman---English France------Frenchman----French

③Canada----Canadian----- English / French Australia---Australian---- English

Russia-----Russian-------Russian India--------Indian----------Indian

Arab------Arabian--------Arabic Egypt ------Egyptian------ Arabic

④Germany---German------German

the United States------ American---- English

the United Kingdom---British----- English

(5)“man woman”作定语其数和后面名词一致。

a man doctor—five men doctors a woman nurse—ten women nurses

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