美语与英语在国际商务英语书信方面的差异

商务英语书信（Business or Commercial English Correspondence）是指交易时所使用的通信。在美国，常用Business writing，它包括书信、电报、电话、电传、报告书、明信片等。

英语和美语在书信体例方面存在着一定的差异，比如信头和称呼、书信格式、遣词、结尾客套语等均有所不同。一般来说，英国书信较为保守，许多英国人喜欢用老式书信体，用词较为正式刻板，而美国书信语言非常生气、有活力，格式也较为简便。因此当我们写信的对象是英国或其旧殖民地国家时，要使用标准式英语Queen's English；如果写信的对象是美国或美国势力范围的地区时，就要用美国英语。当然，英国式的语言文化近年来也有变化，但总体来说，两者间的差异是很明显的。

商业英文书信，一般都要求用打字机或电脑整齐地打印，左边各行开头垂直的，称为垂直式或齐头式（Block style），美国常用这种格式；每段的第一个词缩进去，称为缩进式或锯齿式（indented style），英国常用此格式。垂直式的职务及签名都在左边的边栏界线，这种格式，在极度尊重工作效率的美国公司，已普遍采用。

正式的商业英语书信要在称呼的上方写上收信公司名称和地址或收信人的名字全称、职务及地址，称为信内地址（Inside address）。信内地址的写法也有垂直式和缩进式之分，垂直式和称美国式将各行并列，缩进式或称英国式将各行依次退缩。不过，笔者注意到，近来英国商业书信信内地址并未依次缩进，似乎与美国式相同。此外，在美国还流行一种普通收信人地址的写法，就是在书信的Inside Address中，把门牌号和街名都省略掉。

在英文书信中要使用敬语，最普遍的敬语是Mr，Mrs和Miss（用于未婚女性）。英国人常在男性的姓名之后用Esq．（Esquire的缩写），不过在商业上也在慢慢地改用Mr．Mmes．（Madam的复数形式），用于二个女士以上。Messrs（Mr的复数形式）用于二个以上的男人，或用于二个以上的男人组成的公司或团体。在英国式英文信里，Mr，Mrs，Messrs，均不加缩写句点，相反地趋向于进步自由的美语反而加缩写句点如Mr．，Mrs．，Messrs．。

在称呼方面，商业上最普遍的有Gentlemen（美国式）与Dear Sirs（英国式）二种，相当于我国的"敬启者"或"谨启者"。如果信是写给革个公司单位的，不是写给某个具体人的，美语用Gentlemen（复数形式），英语用Dear Sirs。如果对方公司只一人时，必须使用Sir/Dear Sir。称呼后一般要使用标点符号，英国式采用逗号（comma），美国式用分号（colon）。

书信结尾客套语（complimentary close）有多种，相当于我国书信在结尾时使用的"敬礼"、"致敬"、"顺安"等句。最为典型的美国式写法是Sincerely和Best regards，典型的英国式表达有Yours sincerely（熟人或知道对方姓名），Best wishes，kind regards 和yours faithfully（不知姓名）。此外，英国式的客套语还有特别礼貌的格式，但除了特殊情况外，现在不再使用。

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Key to Exercises Chapter 1 IV. Choose one of the four choices to best fit the sentence. 1.In measuring GDP，goods produced by foreign firms in the host country are counted. 2.GDP is counted using two methouds:one which counts all the ways people earn money and another which counts all the ways people spend. 4.What does GDP consist of ? Personal consumption ,investment ,and government purchases. 5.The Consumer Price Index could most closely be associated with a measure of the price level . 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.D V. Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. GDP稳定增长表明经济健康发展；而GPD下滑预示经济 出现问题；GDP大幅下降则意味着经济进入衰退期。2. GDP不能从长远的角度反映经济的发展潜力，尤其是对 于资源出口型经济的第三世界国家。 3. 从另一个重要角度来说，GDP并不是衡量可持续性收入的好标准。

新编进出口英语函电第三版课后练习的communication laboratory的翻译

1. Chinese low-voltage microwave ovens are in great demand in our country. We would therefore much appreciate it if you could let us have your competitive prices for the models available at present. 2. We write to introduce ourselves as a leading importer of surgical instruments and are interested in receiving a copy of your latest catalogue for our reference. 3. Specializing in the line of confectionery, we have extensive connections with food stores throughout this country. 4. We would be much obliged if you could send us a complete set of leaflets so as to give us a general idea of the export items you handle. 5. From Messrs. Brown & Clark of this city, we have learned that you are regular suppliers of Chinese kitchenware, for which there is a growing demand here. 6. We have read with interest your advertisement in the latest issue of Television World, and would like to have full particulars of your products, including specifications, prices and packing. 7. In reply to your inquiry of January 12, we are pleased to inform you that a catalog and a price list have been airmailed separately for your reference. 8. If, however, you need any other information, please do not hesitate to let us know. We shall be only too glad to answer further questions from you. 1. As you will notice, our prices are quite competitive, and since we carry large stocks of all models, we can promise delivery within a month of receipt of your L/C. 2. If you can let us have an idea of the quantity you are going to order, we may consider giving you a more favorable discount. 3. Though we no longer supply Type SB-95, we have in stock Type SB-99, which is both better in performance and more reasonable in price. 1. This is to confirm our telephone discussion this morning. Enclosed is our Order No. CT504 for 1,500 pounds of Longjing Green Tea at 36 pence per lb CIF London for shipment during June/July. 2. As the demand for our laser printers is on the increase, we hope you will act immediately if you are considering placing an order with us. 3. Please note that the goods must be in strict conformity with the samples in quality. If this first order is satisfactorily executed, regular orders will follow. 4. Thank you f or your prompt reply to our inquiry of April 22. We are now pleased to order from you 2000 dozen pure silk T-shirts. (For details, please refer to our enclosed order No. 358.) 5. Although our price is a little higher than quotations of other suppliers, the superior quality of our products more than compensates for the difference in price, and it is to your own advantage to order goods of really good quality. 1. In the absence of your definite instructions about insurance, we have covered your ordered goods against W.P.A. for 110% of the invoice value as usual. 2. We have noted your request for insurance against War Risk. But, as you know, our CIF quotation includes W.P.A. only. Therefore, if you require this additional coverage, the extra premium will be borne by you. 3. If the buyer finds after inspection that the goods are damaged, he has the right to file a claim