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英语主动被动

英语主动被动
英语主动被动

主动形式表被动意义的情况

2012-01-08 20:20:05| 分类:英语语法| 标签:主被动|字号大中小订阅

英语中用主动语态表示被动含义的现象很多,且用法十分繁杂,散见于中学英语课本中,学生对此往往把握不够,现简要归纳如下:

一.语动词的主动形式表示被动含义

1、某些表示内在品质和性能的不及物动词的非进行体形式,如:lock(锁),open(开), clean(弄干净, move(移动), wash(洗), sell(卖), write(写), weigh(称重), measure(量), read(读), shut(关), break(打碎), ride (骑), wear(穿), add up(加起来)等等, 句中往往用物作主语,且与一个行为方式状语(常用作行为方式状语的副词有:well, easily, long, fast, smoothly, rough等等)连或用于否定,表示某物展示出的该动作的某一特性,该特性促使

动作得以实现或难以实现。例如:

Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易打碎。

My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔好写。

This kind of car sells very well. 这种车销路很好。

The material won’t wear. 这种材料不经久耐用。

The door won’t lock. 门锁不上。

注意:如果强调人为动作时,作及物动词用,可用被动态。如:

These books have long been sold out. 这些书早就卖完了。

My watch was broken when I fell over. 我跌倒时手表摔坏了。

The address must be written on the envelope. 地址一定写在信封上。

2、某些谓语动词的进行体(主要是现在进行体)形式,这种句子的主语都是物,常见的这些动词有:do, cook, print, copy, fill, build, work out, sell等。例如:What is doing over there? 那边在干什么?

The bread is baking. 面包在烤。

The newspaper is printing. 报纸在印刷。

The plan is working out successfully. 计划在胜利实施。

注意:这种结构是早期英语遗留下来的一种用法,主要出现在某些日常用语和某

些行业专门用语中,切不可随意滥用。

3、某些表状态的联系动词,如look, smell, taste, feel, sound等等,它通常以

形容词作表语,一般不跟副词,不与to be连用。

Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来很柔软。

He looks blue. 他显得神情沮丧。

This dish tastes delicious. 这道菜味道鲜美。

His conclusion sounded reasonable. 他的结论听起来很合理。

4、某些表示“发生”、“传播”的不及物动词,如:happen, occur, arise, turn up, take

place, break out, spread等等。例如:

Great changes have taken place in China since the opening to outside world.

自从改革开放以来,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

A great fire broke out in London in 1666. 1666年伦敦发生了一场大火。

二.非谓语动词的主动形式表被动含义

1)作定语用的不定式:

a. 该不定式与被修饰的名词、代词有逻辑上的动宾关系,且与句中主语或

另一名词、代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:

I have a book to read. (read与book有逻辑上的动宾关系,I 与read有逻辑

上的主谓关系)

Can you give me something to read? (read 与something有逻辑上的动宾关

系,me与read有逻辑上的主谓关系)

Mother always gives her little son some toys to play with. (play with 与some toys有逻辑上的动宾关系,her little son 与play with有逻辑上的主谓关系)b. 尽管句中找不到不定筛的逻辑主语,但该不定筛与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的

动宾关系,隐含“for sb. to do”结构的意思:例如:

This is a difficult question to answer. ( for us / you to answer) 这是一难以回答

的问题。

This is the best book to read. (for us / you to read) 这是一本最好阅读的书。

This will be a good opportunity to exchange experience. (for us / you to

exchange) 这将是一个交流经验的好机会。

c. 在”with +o. + to do” 结构中。例如:

With nothing to do, I sat down to watch TV. 由于无事可做,我便坐下看电视。He can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.由于有这么多衣服要洗,所以他

出去不了。

注意:在“There be”结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式可以是主动式,也可以是

被动式,口语中多用主动式。例如:

There is so much work to do. (=to be done) 有那么多活儿要干。

There is no time to lose. (=to be lost)再也不能耽误时间了。

如果与句中主语、另一名词或代词无逻辑主谓关系,仍用被动式。例如:Have you anything to be taken to Beijing? (you与take无主谓关系)

你有什么东西需要带到北京去吗?

There is only a reason for the book to be published? (the book与publish为动宾关系而不是主谓关系)这是该书出版的唯一理由。

2)作状语用的不定式

这种不定式作状语修饰作表语用的形容词,其逻辑宾语是作主语的名词,友人

称之为反射不定式。例如:

The sentence is very difficult to understand.

The problem is easy to solve.这个问题易于解决。

The work is impossible to finish without your help. 没有您的帮助,这项工作不

可能完成。

这类形容词有:difficult, hard, easy, heavy, important, interesting, pleasant,

nice,good, impossible, strange等等。

注意:形容词long, short, high, low等后接不定式主动表被动时,其前必须加too

或在其后加enough。例如:

The poem is short enough to learn by heart. 这首诗很短能记住。

The fence is too high to jump over. 篱笆太高,跳不过去。

3)作表语用的不定式例如:

The house is to let.此房招租。(广告用语)

He is to blame. 他该受到责备。

4)某些动词有-ing形式,如need(需要), want (需要),require (需要),stand (忍受,多用于否定),bear (经受,多用于否定)等,而句子主语(一般为物)为-ing

分词的逻辑宾语。例如:

The house needs cleaning. (= to be cleaned) 房子需要打扫。

The car wants repairing. (=to be repaired) 这车需要修理。

She cant stand laughing at. 她不能忍受被嘲笑。

除stand, bear外,其余的可用不定式被动式替代。注意比较:

I want to go there. 我不想去那里。

I don’t want to be examined. 我不想接受检查。

5)形容词worth (值得)后的-ing形式例如:

The Great Wall is worth seeing.

The question is worth discussing. 这个问题值得讨论。

注意比较:The question is worthy of being discussed. (=to be discussed) 这个

问题值得讨论。

6)介词past(超过), in need of (需要)后的-ing形式例如:

The trousers are past mending. 裤子无法缝补。

This worker’s books are past my understanding.这位作家的作品我无法理解。

Your coat is in need of washing.你的衣服需要洗了。

This new railway is still under construction . 这条新铁路仍在建设中。

本句中的under construction “正在建设中”。介词under构成的短语,如果它的宾语是表示动作的名词,通常含有被动意义,意为“在……过程中”。它可改换为被动语态。但介词结构使句子言简意赅,避免过多地使用被动语态。这种介词短语在句中常作表语,也可作补足语或定语。例如:

Your suggestion is still under discussion . 你的建议正在讨论中。

He is said to be under arrest for stealing . 据说他由于偷窃被捕了。

The house under repair is our classroom building . 正在修建的房屋是我们的教

学楼。

常见的这类under短语还有:under attack在进攻中,under arrest在关押中,under consideration在考虑中,under construction在建设中,under contact在联系中,under discussion在讨论中,under examination在审查中,under investigation在调查中,under repair在修理中,under review在审议中under treatment在医治中,under trial在受审中

还有一些介词,如in , on , for , above , beyond , past , out of , within等,也可

以构成表示动作的介词短语。如:

The writer has finished writing his novel but it is not yet in print . (= …being printed) 作者已经写完了他的小说,但尚未出版。

Grapes from XinJiang are on sale . (=…to be rented) 还有两间房出租。His virtue is above all praise . (=…can’t be praised completely) 他的美德赞颂

不尽。

The fellow’s insolence is beyond endurance . (=…can’t be endured) 这家伙傲

慢无礼,叫人受不了。

His car was out of control . (=…could not be controlled)那部汽车失去了控制。The pain was almost past bearing . (=…couldn’t be borne) 痛得简直受不了。The city is already within sight . (=…can be seen alre ady) 城市已经望得见了。

(在视野之中)

被动语态用主动表达

被动语态用主动表达 被动语态是指在不知谁是动作执行者或没必要指出谁是动作执行者,或需要强调动作的承受者时使用,其基本形式是“系动词+过去分词”。但在现实语言运用中,会出现一些用主动形式表达被动含义的情况,现将英语中用主动语态表达被动含义的几种情况归纳如下:1. 表“需要”含义的动词,如need, want, require等作谓语时,其主语若是物时,这些动词后面可接动名词主动形式表示被动含义。如: The garden doesn't need watering, it rained last night. 这个园子不需要浇水,昨晚刚下过雨。The carpet really requires cleaning. 这块地毯确实需要清理了。 注:这种情况下,也可接不定式的被动语态表达同种含义。如: This sentence needs explaining once more.=This sentence needs to be explained once more. 这个句子需要再解释一遍。 2. 有一类动词既是及物的,又是不及物的,但如果表示主语内在的特征、性质或所处的状态而不是强调动作本身,就要用动词的主动形式表被动,这样用起来简洁,符合英美人的习惯。常见的动词有:sell, wash, write, wear, open, shut, lock, close, start, begin, read, tear, boil, burn, grow, break, change, weigh, measure等。 请看下面三个句子,体会划线部分的不同: His books sell well, so they are sold out soon. 他的书很畅销,所以很快就被卖光了。 The door won't open, so we'll ask the repairman to open it. 这门就是打不开,所以,我们将请修理工打开它。 We measured the bridge and it measures 20 metres long! 我们量了量这座桥,它(量起来)有20米长! 3. 一些表示感觉、感官的系动词,常用主动形式表示被动动作,如sound, feel, smell, taste, look等。如: I tasted the wine and it tasted wonderful! 我尝了尝这酒,味道棒极了。 4. be worth doing结构中,用动名词主动形式表示某事值得被做。如: This dictionary is expensive, but it is worth buying. 这本词典很贵,但很值得买。 5. 在be to blame, be to let, be to seek等结构中,也用主动形式表被动含义。如: Nobody is to blame for the accident. 没有人会因这个事故而受责怪。 6. 有些动词的进行时可表示被动含义(这种情况也可用被动)。如: Te new edition of Longman dictionary is printing. 朗文词典的新版本正在被印刷。 7. 动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。 动词不定式主动形式表被动含义较复杂,一般分下面3种情况: (1)be+形容词(或有这种形容词修饰的名词)+to do,这时的形容词都表示主语所具有的特征。如:heavy, light, big, strong, nice, beautiful, easy, hard, difficult, fit, comfortable, dangerous 等。如: She is a nice person to work with. 她是一个很好共事的人。 注:①此种结构中,因为主语充当着不定式的逻辑宾语,所以不定式一定用及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。②too+形容词+to do及形容词+enough+to do结构也适合这一类。如:

英语中主动表示被动的几种情况

主动表示被动的几种情况 英语中,有些句子在形式上是主动的,但意义上却是被动的,这就是所谓的主动表示被动(active passive voice)。其特点是,句子中语法上的主语是逻辑上的宾语。主动表示被动常见于以下八种情况。 一、某些系动词后加形容词,如look, smell, taste, feel, sound, prove 等。 1. It smells terrible. 气味难闻死了。 2. The moon cake with nuts tastes delicious. 果仁月饼好吃。 3. Silk feels very soft. 丝绸摸上去很柔软。 二、某些动词后可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词want, need, require, deserve等。 1. The car needs repairing. 这车需修理。 2. The coat requires mending. 这件外衣需要补一补。 3. This point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得一提。 三、be + 表示“难、易、轻、重、合适”等形容词+ 带to的不定式。 1. The problem is hard to deal with. 这个问题难以解决。 2. The bag is too heavy to carry. 这包重得拎不动。 3. The sea is not fit to swim in. 这片海水不宜游泳。 四、will, do, would的否定形式加动词原形。 1. This material won’t wear. 这料子不耐久。 2. The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 3. The box doesn’t lock. 这箱子锁不上。 五、某些及物动词后加副词时。这些动词有wash, write, sell, read, cut, clean, heat, rent, let,act, tell,等,其后的副词多为well, easily, quickly, rapidly等。 1. These types of computer sell well. 这些品类的计算机很畅销。 2. Such houses rent easily. 这样的房子容易租出去。 3. Nylon dries quickly. 尼龙干得快。 六、主语+ be + 带to的不定式 1. You were to blame. 这该怪你。 2. The house is to let. 这房子出租。

英语被动语态的翻译举例

英语被动句的翻译举例 英语被动句翻译为汉语时,应根据具体情况灵活掌握。 1. 用“被”、“由”、“受(到)”、“挨”、“得到”、“给”、“叫……给”、“让……(给)”、 “是……的”、“为……所”、“加以”等译成汉语的被动句。例如: 1)The door was mended by him. 门被他修好了。/ 门叫(让)他给修好了。/ 门是他修的。 2)He was praised(表扬). But we were criticized(批评;责备). 3)The machine is used by many people. 这台机器为(被)许多人所使用。 4)The problem must be studied carefully. 这个问题必须仔细加以研究。 2. 借助句中的状语等做主语,译成汉语的主动句。例如: 1)All kinds of drinks are sold in that supermarket. 在那家超市里卖各种各样的饮料。或:那家超市卖各种各样的饮料。 2)Table tennis is played all over China. 中国各地都打乒乓球。 3.按照英语句子的主谓顺序,译成可省“被”字的汉语句。例如: 1)His homework has just been done. 他的家庭作业刚做完。 2)The food has been eaten up. 食物已吃光了。 4.成汉语的无主句。例如: 1)Soon the news was received. 不久就收到了那个消息。也可译为:不久那个消息就收到了。 2)After a while, many people were seen to run out. 过来一会儿,看到许多人跑了出来。 5. 添加“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等泛指的主语译成汉语。或译为“据……”。 例如: 1)He was seen to take the book. 有人看见他拿走了那本书。 2)Air is known to be a mixture of gases. 人们(大家,我们)都知道空气是一种气体的混合物。 3)She is said to know nothing about it. 据说她对这件事什么也不知道。 4)It is said that …. 据说…… It is well known that …. 大家知道……;众所周知…… It is believed that …. 有人相信…… It will be said that…. 有人(将)会说…… It was reported that…据报道…… 6. 改译成主动句。例如: 1)A new dress was made for me by my mother. 我妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。 2)I was given many nice presents on my birthday. 在我的生日那天,我收到了许多漂亮的礼物。

2021年主动句变被动句

主动句变被动句 欧阳光明(2021.03.07) 被动语态由“be+done”构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。 在将主动语态变为被动语态时,可按以下三个步骤: a.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 b.把谓语变成被动结构(be+done) ,并根据被动语态句子里的主语的 人称和数以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 c.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。 在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以 省略。例如: 1. We speak Chinese. →Chinese is spoken by us. 2. All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. 3. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变;另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。例如: My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主

英语中动词主动表被动用法归纳

英语中动词主动表被动用法归纳 1、Need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),be worth值得),not bear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after)carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut)。你的头发该剪了。 2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系) Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系) He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系) 3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如difficult,easy,comfortable(舒适的),convenient(便利的,方便的),hard,cheap,expensive,等,不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。 4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire?

英语翻译技巧第八节 英语被动语态的翻译

第八节英语被动语态的翻译 汉英对比,英语的被动句显然多于汉语,因为英语重视形态(形式),汉语不重视形态,重视语感。如: (1)海水不可斗量。(2)文章总算写好了。说汉语的 人自古以来有一种主体思维方式,认为“成事者必在 人”,施事者“尽在不言之中”。所以很多被动关系不必 一定用“被”字句。 一、被动语态的语义价值 第一、被动语态有强调受事者,将它置于话题(topic)的主位的语用功能。 1).Peter was robbed to pay Paul. Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。(他剜肉补疮。) 2).The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。 第二、被动语态有承接上句的修辞功能。 3)Many advances in computer technology took place in the twenty years after 1950.They are generally classified into four stages or generations. 第三、被动语态在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬或说话者的谦恭。 4)Where can you be reached?

在什么地方可以找到您?(请问您住在什么地方?) 5)When will I be interviewed? 我什么时候来参加面试呢? 第四、被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题持有某种客观态度,因而比较委婉。 6)He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 7)It is suggested that each speaker is alloted five minutes. 建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。 二、被动语态的翻译问题 (一)译成汉语主动句 1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的” 4、常用被动句型的翻译 5、用“在…下”式(主动式动词+介短) (二)译成汉语被动句 1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫” 2、“(遭)受…” 3、“为…所” 4、“加以”“予以”“给以”

(完整版)英语主动句变被动句试题

1. We often sing this song. _______________________________ 2. He broke his leg in the match. _______________________________ 3. She will sell her house soon. _______________________________ 4. He is repairing the machine. _______________________________ 5. He has finished his work. _______________________________ 6. We call him Lao Wang. _______________________________ 7. We must do something to help her. _______________________________ 8. What did you say at the meeting? _______________________________ 9. He gave me some old magazines. _______________________________ 10. He told me to wait at the gate. _______________________________ 1.we took him to the hopital at once 2.she cleans the room everyday 3.he has bought many books already

英语中主动表被动的六种常见结构

英语中主动表被动的六种常见结构 英语动词,通常都是主动形式表主动意义、被动形式表被动意义。但在有些情况下,却用主动形式表被动意义。现将这些情况总结如下: 一、某些系动词+形容词 常见的这类系动词有:look ,feel ,smell, sound, taste, prove, turn out(结果是,证明是)等。例如: This coat feels very soft and smooth. What he said sounds reasonable. The medicine tastes bitter. All he said proved (to be) true. The flowers smelling sweet (= which smell sweet) in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite turn out as planned. 二、某些用作不及物意义的动词+副词 常见的这类动词有:wash, clean, cook, eat, drink, brew, fry, bake, iron, cut , dye , dry, sell, read, write, teach, translate, record, wear, draw, drive, ride, lock, unlock, close ,shut ,open, break, smoke, play, act, wind up, make up, blow, keep, burn, light , strike(划着), fire , pull, fill, begin, start, finish, complete, run(运转), stop, end, owe, print, move, let(出租), carry, handle, kill, , milk, pack, pick, split 等。 这时:(1)句子的主语通常指物。(2)用来表示主语的内在品质、特征、状态或性质。 (3) 通常和副词easily, well, quickly, smoothly, badly, poorly, nicely, wonderfully, perfectly, comfortably 等连用。例如: 1、He paid all that was owing. 2、The tea is brewing. 3、Because the shop is closing down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. 4、—What are you going to do this afternoon? —I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film finishes quite early, so we are going to the bookstore after that. 5、Books of this kind sell well. 6、This knife cuts easily. 7、This kind of cloth washes well, irons easily and wears long. 8、The paper tears easily. 9、This article translates well and reads easily. 10、The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 11、The school opens at 7∶45 and classes begin at 8:00. 12、The cigar smokes badly. 13、he cakes eat deliciously. 14、---Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard? ---No, dear. They don’t keep well. Put them in the fridge instead.

英语主动表被动用法归纳.

英语主动表被动用法归纳 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式: That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 (2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同: Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) (3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义: The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作):The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外,以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态: The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?

主动句变被动句

主动句变被动句 John helped Peter. ----- Peter was helped by John. 转换规则 1、主动句变被动句的实质是将主语和宾语的位置对调,动词由原来的形式变为be加上动 词的过去分词。如不需要突出动作的执行者,也可不要by-词组。 They punished the criminal. ----- The criminal was punished. 2.如果主动句带有情态助动词或半助动词,在变为被动句时,情态动词或半助动词保持不变,谓语动词由主动变为被动。 They should do the work at once. ----- The work should be done at once. They must have finished their work. ----- Their work must have been finished. He is likely to let you down. ------ You are likely to be let down. 3、如果主句是双宾语结构,变为被动句时刻有两种形式:一种是以间接宾语作主语;另 一种是以直接宾语作主语。 They offered him some assistance. ----- He was offered some assistance. ----- Some assistance was offered to him. Father gave me a watch. ----- I was given a watch. ----- A watch was given to me. 4、如果主句的结构带有宾语补足语,变被动的时候要将原来的宾语补语变为主语补语。We have painted the windows white. ----- The windows have been painted white. They elected Tom monitor of the class. ---- Tom was elected monitor of the class. 5、当主动句变为被动句时,有时用by-词组,有时不用。一般来说,当施动者为谁不太清 楚、不甚重要或不愿说出时,通常不用by词组。但有时为了强调施动者,则须用by 词组。 Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. Susan was cheated by David. 有时为了避免中途变更主语,不得不用被动句而把施动者置于by-词组中。 He arrived at London where he was met by his friend. Practice 1.They built this house in 1968. 2.People speak English almost all over the world. 3.No one has ever beaten him at once. 4.They use milk for making butter and cheese. 5.They are repairing my piano at the moment. 6. Somebody had cleaned my shoes. 7.He said they were starting a new system. 8.You can’t wash this dress; you must dry-clean it. 9.They will have to adopt a different attitude. 10.People mustn’t leave bicycles in the hall.

英语主动表被动用法总结

英语主动表被动用法总结 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式: That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 (2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同: The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shu t. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同: Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) (3) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义: The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常

英语中的主动表被动

英语中主动形式表被动意义的情况一般说来,表示被动意义要用被动结构,但是,英语中也有以下几种情况是用主动形式表达被动意义的: 1. 某些连系动词如look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel等,习惯以主动语态形式表示被动的意义。例如:The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来香。Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。The silk feels soft.丝绸摸起来很软。 但是,当上述动词不用作系动词时,则不具有这种用法。例如:His heart was felt still beating.他的心脏仍在跳动。Pepper can be tasted in the soup.汤里有胡椒粉的味道。 2. 当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, write, wash, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear, begin, start, finish, end, keep等词用作不及物动词表示主语的某种属性、特征或所处状态(常与easily, quickly, well等副词连用),而非强调动作本身时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: The table can’t move.这桌子移不动。The door is easily locked.这门容易锁上。The poem reads smoothly.这诗读起来很流畅。When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始?The peaches don’t keep well.这些桃子不容易保存。 但是,有的时候也要看具体情况而定,例如:This book sells well. So far, 200 books have been sold out.这种书卖得很好,到目前,已经卖出了两百本。The sentence was read clearly by her.这个句子她读得很清楚。 3. 在be worth doing,need / want / require doing (to be done)结构中,其后的动名词一定是以主动语态的形式表示被动意义。例如:The book is worth reading.这本书值得读。The plant needs watering twice a week.这种花一星期要浇两次。The baby wants looking after.这个小孩需要照看。 4. 不定式to blame, to let, to seek用做表语时,通常用主动表被动意义。例如:Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢?She was in no way to blame.决不应该责备她。 A better way is yet to seek..还得找一种更好的办法。

主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤

主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤: 1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。 3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。 4、其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。情态动词的被动语态一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等,分别表示“能够被……”,“可以被……”,“必须被……”,“需要被……“,应该被……”等。二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。(一)一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如:Must this work be done at once?这项工作必须立即完成吗?Should your homework be finished before six?你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗?(二)特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如:When must this work be done?这工作必须在什么时候完成?Where can the lost book be found?这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到?(三)反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如:This bridge can be built next year,can't it?这座桥明年能建成,是吗?This book shouldn't be taken out of the library,should it?这本书不应被带出图书馆,是吗?(四)否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可,但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如:This work needn't be done at once.这项工作没必要立即做。This dustbin shouldn't be put here.这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词,但“must”表“必须”时,其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时,其肯定回答应用“must”。如:—Should my exercises be finished today?我的作业应在今天完成吗?—Yes,they should.是的,应在今天完成。(No,they shouldn't.不,不应在今天完成。)—Must his exercise book be handed in at once?他的练习本必须立即上交吗?—Yes,it must.是的,必须立即上交。(No,it needn't.不,不必立即上交。)—Need he be operated on at once?他必须立即手术吗?—Yes,he must.是的,他必须。(No,he needn't.不,他不必。) 主动语态变被动语态时,主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语,主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。被动语态的口诀:一般现、过用be +V.过去分词,be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have(has)done,被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动,shall (will)be doing。现在完成进行同,have(has)been doing。现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。 1.一般现在时is\am\are+P.P (过去分词) 2.一般过去时was\were+P.P 3.一般将来时will be+P.P 4.现在进行时is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P 5.过去进行时was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P 6.现在完成时have\has been+P.P 7.过去完成时had been+P.P

主动句变被动句

主动句变被动句 Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】

主动句变被动句 被动语态由“be+done”构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be 的变化上,同时be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。 在将主动语态变为被动语态时,可按以下三个步骤: a.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 b.把谓语变成被动结构(be+done) ,并根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和 数以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 c.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。在无须说 明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。例如: 1. We speak Chinese. →Chinese is spoken by us. 2. All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. 3. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变;另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。例如: My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was giv en a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) →A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作

高中英语主动表示被动用法详解(新)

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