专四阅读详解

星期1 Monday

Nothing seek, nothing find.没有追求就没有收获。

I still remember — my hands and my fingertips still remember! — what used to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays. The trees in the schoolyard would be in full leaves again, and the old leaves would be lying around in scattered heaps like a muddy sea of leaves.

“Get that all swept up!” the headmaster would tell us. “I want the whole place cleaned up, at once!” There was enough work there, to last for over a week. Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands, our fingers, our nails. “Now see that it?s done properly, and be quick about it,” the headmaster would say to the older pupils, “or you?ll have to answer for it!”

So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peasants about to cut and gather in crops. If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected, the big boys, instead of giving us a helping hand, used to find it simpler to whip us with branches pulled from the trees. In order to avoid these blows, we used to bribe our tyrants with the juicy cakes we used to bring for our midday meal. And if we happened to have any money on us the coins changed hands at once. If we did not do this, if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty purse, the blows were re-doubled. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being flogged not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.

Occasionally one of us, worn out by such calculated cruelty, would have the courage to complain to the headmaster. He would of course be angry, but the punishment he gave the older boys was always very small — nothing compared to what they had done to us. And the fact is that however much we complained our situation did not improve in the slightest. Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on, but somehow we never dreamed of doing so; I don?t know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent, but I can see now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it, for such beatings were completely foreign to our nature.

1. From the way the headmaster spoke, we can learn that

[A] he was ordering the older boys to do the work at once.

[B] he actually expected everyone to join the work.

[C] he did not care who did the work provided it was done quickly and properly.

[D] he wanted the older boys to take the responsibility rather than work themselves.

2. The older boys beat the younger ones so hard because

[A] they were too lazy to work themselves and enjoyed being cruel.

[B] they knew this would make them offer bribes and food and money.

[C] the headmaster would be angry with them if the work was not done.

[D] the younger ones would work much faster and harder.

3. What would some of the younger ones occasionally do if they?re beaten?

[A] Bribe the older ones with their midday meals.

[B] Give any money they have to the older ones.

[C] Bear the cruelty without daring to say a word.

[D]Tell the headmaster about what had happened.

4. What?s the result of boys? complaining to the headmaster about their sufferings?

[A] The older boys were taught a good lesson.

[B] The older boys got a suitable punishment.

[C] It only made matters worse.

[D] It made no difference at all.

5. It is implied in the passage that

[A] the headmaster was very unreasonable since he put the older boys in charge of the work.

[B] the younger boys were quite willing to offer their food and money for they were obedient.

[C] the older boys didn?t get any punishment because they had had the work finished quickly.

[D] the writer seems to feel regret for not having told their parents about their sufferings at school.

Text B

Universal values are always to be found underlying the Olympic Games: participation, enthusiasm, courage, commitment, loyalty, determination, will and true nobility of soul. During the 17 days of fierce competition, with the support of strength and technique, the world?s champions will be decided by their own strength, determination and skill, determining those who will take pride of place in the Olympic hall of fame.

Torino 2006 is a unique occasion to be there, to breathe in the Olympic atmosphere, to experience the culture of the Games in person, to discover the character of the city and region, its historical, cultural, sporting and cooking traditions.

The values of brotherhood and dialogue between people and their cultures, making the Olympic Games such a unique sporting event, will be celebrated by athletes marching and waving their national flags and colors. The Italian style and creativity will be expressed through amazing settings, great dancings, astonishing light installations and a memorable soundtrack. Competition Facilities

The specially built or renovated winter sports facilities in Torino are located in a central area known as the Olympic District. The Olympic venues in Torino can be easily reached from the specially provided car parks by shuttle and public transport.

Logo

The “Mole Antonelliana” takes on the resembla nce of a mountain reaching far up high, where the white of the snow meets the blue of the sky. The Torino 2006 Olympic Games Logo is the perfect synthesis of geographical, emotional and cultural meaning. The geometric forms of the ice crystals which form the heart of the Mole — the symbolic essence of the city of Torino — are interwoven to form a closely woven net: the web, token of technology, but in particular of the eternal spirit of communion between nations, which the Olympic Games have represented right

from their creation.

The ideals linked to the logo reflect the very nature of the Games:

City/Culture — mountain/nature relationship: the logo recalls not only the Mole Antonelliana (the city and architecture) but also the Alpine peaks (the unspoilt nature of the mountain districts), expressing a sense of exchange and interaction between the alpine resorts and the city.

Transparency: the mountains are not seen as an obstruction but rather as a gateway between Torino and the rest of the world. They do not hinder interchange between populations with different cultural traditions, but rather enhance it. The sheer force of the multicultural issues adds prestige and emotional value to the Olympic Games.

Dynamism: Torino is always on the move and the passion with which it takes on the role of host city of the Games is proof of this.

Design and technology: the city develops in line with the times. The most famous Italian designers contribute to make Torino one of the most fashionable cities in the world, a true trendsetter.

Mascots

Neve and Gliz are the Torino 2006 mascots. They are the creative idea of Portuguese designer Pedro Albuquerque, winner of the international competition held by TOROC (Torino Organizing Committee for the 20th Olympic Winter Games). She (Neve) is a soft, friendly and elegant snowball. He (Gliz) is a lively and playful ice cube. The shapes of their bodies and the sounds of their names — Neve and Gliz — remind us of the two vital elements for practicing winter sports.

Together, they sum up the highest Italian and Olympic values: friendship and enthusiasm, loyalty and fun, design and the capacity to innovate.

6. We can we infer from the beginning of the passage that the athletes

[A] want nothing more than just participation.

[B] want to perform better than anyone else in the field.

[C] want to entertain the spectators in the stadium.

[D] want to be as close as possible to the fastest speed.

7. The underlined phrase “take pride of place” in Para. 1 means

[A] to occupy the advantageous place.

[B] to have the most important position.

[C] to feel proud of themselves.

[D] to perform very well.

8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[A] The Olympic Winter Games of Torino 2006 lasted 17 days.

[B] Torino built and renovated a number of winter sports facilities for the Games.

[C] The “Mole Antonelliana” is the symbol of the city of Torino.

[D] The Alpine peaks prevent Torino?s communion with the world.

9. According to the passage, we know that

[A] the Torino 2006 Olympic Games Logo is designed by a Portuguese designer.

[B] the woven net in the logo shows that Italy is an advanced country technologically.

[C] Torino likes people who move in and out constantly.

[D] TOROC held an international competition for designing the mascots.

10. The two most important elements for winter sports are

[A] Neve and Gliz. [B] snowball and ice cube.

[C] snow and ice. [D] friendship and enthusiasm.

Text C

If you are running a Windows computer, you must install an array of security software to prevent an international collection of crooks, hackers, vandals and sleazy business people who aim to invade your PC through the Internet.

You need a good antivirus program, a strong firewall program, an effective antispam program, and a program that specializes in stopping spyware and adware. But the fastest-growing computer security problem isn?t viruses or other traditional malicious programs, and it can?t be entirely defeated by using security software. It?s called …social engineering?, and it consists of tactics t hat try to fool users into giving up sensitive financial data that criminals can use to steal their money and even their identities.

Here are a few tips to help you avoid these schemes:

1. Don?t trust email from financial institutions. Email is so easily m anipulated by crooks that you simply should never, ever consider any email from a financial institution as legitimate. The message may bear a bank?s or a broker?s logo, but you should never respond to such an email, and never click on any link it contains.

2. Never respond to unsolicited commercial email, or spam, or even click on a link in an unsolicited commercial email. In the old days, responding to spam just got you on more spam email lists. Today, it might also result in the secret installation of a key logger or other malicious software.

Besides, any company that has to resort to spam as a sales tool isn?t likely to have a very good product to offer. Do you really think that if someone had invented a pill that enlarged breasts, he would be selling it through spam? He would have sold it to a big drug company for billions.

The only safe response to spam is to ignore it and delete it.

3. Don?t download or use free software unless you are sure it?s legitimate. Sites offering free cursors, for instance, can secretly install all sorts of bad stuff on your PC. This is especially true of free security software, which is sometimes just malicious software posing as a security program. If you suddenly see a security program pop up on your PC, don?t trust it.

There are many legitimate free programs, but check them out before downloading. Look them up on the CNET or PC Magazine websites, which review most software. If they are not covered there, assume they are not legitimate. You may pass up some free programs that are real, but it could save you from huge grief.

There are some new security programs aimed directly at social-engineering cheats. A new add-on for the Firefox web browser, called Shazou, can tell you where a website?s server is located. If you think you are on the Bank of America website, but Shazou tells you the server is in Russia, that is a clue that you are being cheated. And Symantec plans a new product called Norton Confidential that will tell you if a website appears to be a fake.

The best defense against social engineering, however, is to be smart and careful.

11. To prevent your PC from being invaded, you must

[A] use a Windows system.

[B] install all kinds of security software.

[C] look out for vandals and business people.

[D] not surf the Internet.

12. We can infer from the second paragraph that computer-security problems

[A] are caused by viruses and malicious programs.

[B] can be solved by installing a range of security software.

[C] make PC users let out private financial information.

[D] may be made use of by criminals to steal PC users? computers.

13. If you get an email bearing a bank?s logo, you should

[A] trust it.

[B] consider whether it is legitimate.

[C] respond to it immediately.

[D] click on the link it contains.

14. We learn from the passage that

[A] opening an unsolicited commercial email will lead to more spam.

[B] products sold by companies through spam are unlikely to be good.

[C] there is no safe way to deal with spam.

[D] there is no necessity to download free software be cause it?s too dangerous.

15. If you want to make sure whether a free program is legitimate or not, you should

[A] turn to the CNET or PC Magazine websites.

[B] install a new Firefox web browser.

[C] turn to Shazou for help.

[D] use Norton Confidential to identify.

Text D

A second conclusion to be drawn from experience is the close connection between export expansion and economic development. The high-growth countries were characterized by rapid expansion in exports. Here again it is important to note that export expansion was not confined to those countries fortunate in their natural resources, such as the oil-exporting countries. Some of the developing countries were able to expand their exports in spite of limitations in natural resources by initiating economic policies that shifted resources from inefficient domestic manufacturing industries to export production. Nor was export expansion from the developing countries confined to primary products. There was very rapid expansion of exports of labor-intensive manufactured goods. Countries that adopted export-oriented development strategies experienced extremely high rates of growth that were regarded as unattainable in the 1950s and 1960s. They were also able to maintain their growth momentum during periods of worldwide recession better than were the countries that maintained their import substitution policies.

Analysts have pointed to a number of reasons why the export-oriented growth strategy seems to deliver more rapid economic development than the import substitution strategy. First, a developing country able to specialize in producing labor-intensive commodities uses its comparative advantage in the international market and is also better able to use its most abundant resource — unskilled labor. The experience of export-oriented countries has been that there is little or no disguised unemployment once labor-market regulations are cancelled and incentives are created for individual firms to sell in the export market. Second, most developing countries have such small domestic markets that efforts to grow by starting industries that rely on domestic demand result in uneconomically small, inefficient enterprises. Moreover, those enterprises will

typically be protected from international competition and the incentives it provides for efficient production techniques. Third, an export-oriented strategy is inconsistent with the impulse to impose detailed economic controls; the absence of such controls, and their replacement by incentives, provides a great stimulus to increases in output and to the efficiency with which resources are employed. The increasing capacity of a developing country?s entrepreneurs to adapt their resources and internal economic organization to the pressures of world-market demand and international competition is a very important connecting link between export expansion and economic development. It is important in this connection to stress the educative effect of freer international trade in creating an environment conducive to the acceptance of new ideas, new wants, and new techniques of production and methods of organization from abroad.

16. According to the passage, how do developing countries expand the export?

[A] By limiting import.

[B] By exploring more natural resources.

[C] By transmitting resources to export production.

[D] By shifting resources to primary products.

17. What?s NOT true about export expansion?

[A] It fulfills the previous unattainable growth.

[B] It can overcome recession.

[C] It promotes economic growth more rapidly than import.

[D] It?s inadaptable to countries scarce in natural resources.

18. The export-oriented strategy is important to developing countries because

[A] it helps to export their natural resources.

[B] it helps to make good use of their unskilled labor.

[C] it helps to meet the growing need of import.

[D] it helps to stimulate the domestic need.

19. What is the author?s attitude towards “freer international trade”?

[A] Critical. [B] Approving. [C] Questioning. [D] Subjective.

20. This passage is mainly about

[A] export-oriented strategy. [B] export expansion.

[C] import expansion. [D] economic development.

语境词汇

Text A

1. whip v.鞭打；搅打（奶油、蛋等）n.鞭子

2. blow n.（用拳、武器等的）一击,殴打v.吹，刮；使开花

3. devilish a.恶魔般的，凶神恶煞的

4. flog v.多次重打；鞭打

5. obedience n.服从，顺从

6. calculated a.存心的，预先设计好的

7. in the slightest 根本，一点儿也…（常用于否定句中）

8. be foreign to和…无关

Text B

1. in person 亲身，亲自

2. by shuttle 搭乘往返班车

3. renovate v.改建，修葺；更新

4. take on the resemblance of 呈现与…的相似性

5. eternal a.永恒的；永久的

6. synthesis n.交融，融合；综合(体)

7. unspoilt a.未被破坏的

Text C

1. malicious a.恶意的；恶毒的

2. tactic n.方案，策略；战术

3. legitimate a.合法的；合情合理的

4. scheme n.阴谋，伎俩；方案v.策划；搞阴谋

5. manipulate vt.操纵，控制

6. resort to 依靠，凭借

7. review n.评论；温习；检查v.对…下评论；温习；检查

8. pass up 错过

Text D

1. be confined to… 局限于…

2. be fortunate in natural resource自然资源丰富

3. initiate vt.创始，新采取

4. labor-intensive a.劳动密集型的

5. be inconsistent with… 与…背道而驰，与…相抵触

6. incentive n.刺激，诱因

7. be conducive to… 有益于…

难句突破

Text A

1. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being flogged not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.

【分析】复合句。句子的主干是They hit us。so…that引出结果状语从句，即句中第一个that 后至句子结尾都是结果状语从句的内容；该状语从句又嵌套一个that从句，作realized的宾语；在宾语从句中，not…but是平行结构，其中in which引导定语从句，修饰state，因in a state为固定搭配，所以which前用介词in。

【译文】他们打我们是那么用力，而且表现出那样的凶狠和那样的痛快，即使是聋哑人都能明白他们打我们不是让我们更努力地干活，而是要打得我们顺服，这样我们就会乖乖地交出我们的食物和钱。

2. And the fact is that however much we complained our situation did not improve in the slightest. 【分析】复合句。that引导表语从句，其中包含however引导的让步状语从句，此时however 等于no matter how。

【译文】实际上，不管我们怎么抱怨，我们的境地却一丁点改善都没有。

Text B

1. The geometric forms of the ice crystals which form the heart of the Mole —the symbolic essence of the city of Torino — are interwoven to form a closely woven net: the web, token of technology, but in particular of the eternal spirit of communion between nations, which the Olympic Games have represented right from their creation.

【分析】复合句。句子主干为The geometric forms of the ice crystals are interwoven。第一个which引导定语从句，修饰crystals；破折号之间的部分作Mole的同位语；冒号后的内容起解释说明作用，the web作net的同位语，token of technology进一步补充说明net；token后有两个并列的of结构：of technology和of the eternal spirit。注意第二个which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰spirit。

【译文】冰晶的各种几何形状构成了尖塔——都灵城具有象征意义的地标建筑——的中心。它们缠绕在一起形成了一张紧密编织的网：网络是技术的象征，尤其象征了各国各民族之间交流沟通的永恒精神——这正是奥运会创建以来一直要体现的。

2. Torino is always on the move and the passion with which it takes on the role of host city of the Games is proof of this.

【分析】并列句。and连接两个并列分句：前一分句为简单句，后一分句中which引导定语从句，修饰passion，with the passion为固定搭配，所以在which前加介词with。

【译文】都灵总是生机勃勃，它作为这届奥运会的东道主城市所表现出的奔放激情就是证明。

Text C

1. If you are running a Windows computer, you must install an array of security software to prevent an international collection of crooks, hackers, vandals and sleazy business people who aim to invade your PC through the Internet.

【分析】复合句。If引导条件状语从句，主句主干为you must install …security software。不定式to prevent…作目的状语，其中包含who引导的定语从句，修饰其前的并列名词短语crooks…people。

【译文】如果你用的是装有WINDOWS系统的电脑，你就必须安装一系列防毒软件，以阻止全世界的各种骗子、黑客、恶意破坏者和不良商人企图通过互联网对你的电脑进行侵犯。

2. It?s called …social engineering?, and it consists of tactics that try to fool users into giving up sensitive financial data that criminals can use to steal their money and even their identities.

【分析】并列复合句。该句由and连接的两个分句构成；后一分句中的两个that都引导定语从句，一个嵌套在另一个中，分别修饰tactics和data。

【译文】这已经被称为是一项“社会工程”，运用其中的一些策略甚至可以诱使电脑用户交出敏感的财务数据，犯罪分子可以用这些数据盗窃用户的钱财乃至身份。

Text D

1. The experience of export-oriented countries has been that there is little or no disguised unemployment once labor-market regulations are cancelled and incentives are created for individual firms to sell in the export market].

【分析】复合句。主句的表语由that引导的从句充当，在这个表语从句里包含一个there be 结构，其中又嵌套一个once引导的条件状语从句。表语从句的状语for… market被这个状语从句分隔。

【译文】以出口为导向的国家的经验表明，对想在出口市场上占有一席之地的私人企业来说，一旦劳动力市场的法规取消，激励制度建立起来，就没有或很少有隐瞒失业的情况。

2. Second, most developing countries have such small domestic markets that efforts to grow by starting industries that rely on domestic demand result in uneconomically small, inefficient enterprises.

【分析】复合句。句中第一个that与前面的such构成such…that结构，引导结果状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰industries。

【译文】第二，大多数发展中国家的国内市场太小，以致于扶持依赖国内需求工业的努力往往形成了耗费多且规模较小的低效企业。

英语专业四级阅读理解练习四附答案解析

PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］ In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET. TEXT A As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe－sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them “pueblos”, which is Spanish for town.The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters”—corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain. The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou. The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their tents and tipis. 16. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings. B. The movement of American Indians across North America. C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians. D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America. 17. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were ___ A. very small B. highly advanced C. difficult to defend D. quickly constructed TEXT B Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.[JP] The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done

英语专业四级考试阅读理解考前最后冲刺技巧上

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专四阅读理解练习1 As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe－sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them "pueblos", which is Spanish for town. The people of the pueblos raised what are called"the three sisters" - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain. The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou. The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison,

专四阅读详解 2

星期2 Tuesday Happiness is nearly always a rebound from hard work.辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。 Beauty is a curious phenomenon, one of permeable, shifting boundaries. We may think we understand it, since we sense it effortlessly. In fact, it is a bundle of mysteries researchers are still uncovering. Consider the ancient proverb: beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Until about 30 years ago it seemed too obvious for scientists to bother with. When they finally tested it, their results startled them. On the one hand, the maxim is false. Facial beauty is the same throughout the world. In every tribe and culture, individuals will consider Marilyn Monroe, say, an attractive woman. It goes further. Males can identify good-looking men, and females charming women. Old and young, rich and poor, learned and ignorant, all agree on who is beautiful. So do people of every class and personality type. We don’t learn this response. We’re born with it. In one recent study, babies just 20 hours old recognized attractive faces and preferred them. So beauty is in our DNA. The eye of the beholder doesn’t matter. On the other hand, and this is where it gets interesting, the facial shell is just the foundation of beauty. We see the self in the face, every day, all the time, and we can’t distinguish the two. This blurring means that we gift the attractive with a large number of virtues. They seem more competent, likeable, happier, blessed with better lives and personalities. In one experiment, people predicted happier marriages and better jobs for them, and rated them lower on only one aspect: their caliber as parents. Another study found people consider them more amiable, happy, flexible, pleasure-seeking, serious, candid, outspoken, perceptive, confident, assertive, curious and active. They exert more control over their destiny, subjects felt, while the homely endure the world’s sudden change. It is calle d the “beautiful is good” stereotype, and it grants the attractive a parade of boons. Teachers consider them smarter and give them higher grades. Bosses promote them faster. In one tale in The Thousand and One Nights, a thief steals a coin-bag, and when the victim accuses him, people protest: “No, he’s such a handsome youth. He wouldn’t steal anything!” In fact, attractive people can shoplift with greater ease, since witnesses are less likely to report them. And when they do stand before the court, juries acquit them more readily and judges give them lighter penalties. 1. The proverb “beauty is in the eye of beholder” means [A] that beauty can only be admitted when most people recognize it. [B] whether somebody is beautiful depends on the person who is looking.

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专业四级考试阅读理解模拟练习试题 As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe －sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably1 like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense2 against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them pueblos3 , which is Spanish for town. The people of the pueblos raised what are called the three sisters - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery4 and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.

专四阅读理解

4) For a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us--or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they've had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones--but only as far as they went. Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings. From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we'll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. "Siblings," says family sociologist Katherine Conger, "are with us for the whole journey." Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order．Older sibs were said to be strivers；younger ones rebels；middle kids the lost souls．The stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and there the discussion mostly ended． But all that’s changin9．At research centers in the U．S．，Canada，Europe and elsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0—or away from--risky behavior how they form a protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval；how they educate one another about the opposite sex；how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms--or blows--over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism． From that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults．Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy’s girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter—gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is under investigation．“Siblings have just been o ff the radar screen until now，”says Conger．But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us．1．The beginning of the passage indicates that A．researchers have found out what shapes us．B．our peer is the last factor influencing us． C．what researchers found contributes in a limited way． D．what researchers found is good and trustworthy．2．In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblings A．offer us much useful information． B．have great influences on us． C．are the ones who love us completely． D．accompany us throughout our life． 3．In scientific community, previous research on siblings A．mostly focused on the sibling order． B．studied the characteristics of the kids． C．studied the matter in a broad sense． D．wasn’t believable and the discussion ended． 4．Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic? A．A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble． B．Sisters have quarrels with each other． C．Siblings compete for parental favoritism． D．Older kids in a family try hard to achieve． 5．From the last paragraph，we can conclude that A．managers learned management skills from the family playroom． B．spouses learned negotiation skills from their siblings． C．studies on siblings are under the way。 D．studies on siblings need thorough investigation． 5) What comes to mind when you hear the word--diversity? Issues of race or gender may spring to mind．Equal rights? Or minority issues? I encourage people to look at a much wider definition of the word．1 would tend to say diversity is “differentness” in any form．A good example of this kind of diversity has been experienced by every person who ever left behind the comforts of home and moved into uncharted territory．Issues of diversity are informed not only by your cultural background and context，but also by your religion，age，field of work，family situation，personality，and countless other factors that make us unique．Diversity affects everyone．

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