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2012年高考北京卷解析 单选完形填空部分

2012年高考北京卷解析 单选完形填空部分
2012年高考北京卷解析 单选完形填空部分

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)解析

单选、完形填空解析:贺艳花

第二部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)

第一节单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分,共15分)

从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例:It’s so nice to hear from her again ______, we last met more than thirty years ago.

A. What’s more

B. T hat’s to say

C. In other words

D. Believe it or not

答案是D。

21. —Look at those clouds!

—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.

A. Even if

B.As though

C. In case

D. If only

[解析] A. even if 即使, 尽管;as though似乎,好像;in case以防,万一;if only但愿,要是…就好了。原句意为:即使天下雨,我们仍会玩得很愉快。

[点拨] 此题考查状语从句的用法。应注意两点:①牢记连词的含义,②正确理解句意。

22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.

A. gets

B. has got

C. will get

D. is getting

[解析] C. 原句意为:等到你看完这本书的时候,饭就凉了。By the time引导时间状语从句,主句和从句都是将来的动作。

[点拨] 此题考查动词的时态。在表达将来的动作时,一般情况下,时间、条件、让步等状语从句要遵循“主将从一”的原则,即,从句用一般时或完成时表示将来,主句用将来时。[争鸣] 此题的最佳答案应是:will have got。

23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.

A. corrects

B. correct

C. to correct

D. correcting

[解析] D. correcting them及making mistakes并列,都用作介词by的宾语。

[点拨] 应注意两点:①介词后常跟动词的ing形式,②平行结构的用法。

24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.

A. why

B. how

C. that

D. whether

[解析] C. that引导的宾语从句, 用作felt的宾语。原句意为:詹尼不后悔曾发表评论,但他觉得本可以用不同的方式表达。

[点拨] 此题考查名词性从句的用法。应注意两点:①牢记连词的含义,②正确理解句意。

25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______.

A. wouldn’t

B. didn’t

C. hasn’t

D. hadn’t

[解析] B. 此句为省略句,补充完整应为:George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t come to school to see me the next day.

[点拨] 此题考查省略句的用法。应注意两点:①弄清句子的时态,②正确理解句意。

26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was,he would forget all about eating or

sleeping.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. when

[解析] B. which引导的非限制性定语从句,代表前面的事实:deeply absorbed in work;原句意为:当他沉浸于工作的时候(这是司空见惯的事),他总是废寝忘食。

[点拨] 此题考查定语从句的用法。应注意两点:①掌握定语从句的基本用法,②定语从句中

能代表前面整个事实或部分事实的关系代词只有两个,which和as,③学会分析句子的基本结构。

27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

A. Use

B. Using

C. Used

D. To use

[解析] C. 原句意为:如小心使用,罐头可六周不坏。Used with care是过去分词作条件状语,use与one tin之间是被动关系。原句相当于条件状语从句:If one tin is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

[点拨] 此题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。应注意:在做此类题目时,首先考虑非谓语动词与句子的主语之间的关系。

28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.

A. some

B. less

C. much

D. more

[解析] D. 原句意为:虽然很多人捐献了那种类型的血,但血库还需要更多的血。

[点拨] 此题考查代词及比较级的用法。①掌握代词及比较级的基本用法,②正确理解句意。

29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market?

— Y es, fortunately no one _____.

A. hurt

B. was hurt

C. has hurt

D. had been hurt [解析] B. no one与hurt之间是被动关系,故,排除A. C;此题不表示过去的过去,排除D。[点拨] 此题考查动词的时态和语态的用法。应注意两点:①掌握被动语态的用法,②过去完成时不能轻易使用,因为它表示“过去的过去”。

30. Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed.

A. had developed

B. was developing

C. would develop

D. developed

[解析] D. 原句意为:在随后的几周里,我们的友谊发展地很快。that followed是解题的关键,表示过去的一段时间里发生的事情,应用一般过去时。

[点拨] 此题考查动词的时态。应注意两点:①掌握动词的时态的基本用法,②正确理解句意。

31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.

A. Knock

B. Knocking

C. Knocked

D. To knock

[解析] A. 此题是祈使句。原句意为:进我的房间前,请敲门。

[点拨] 此题考查简单句的用法。对于祈使句,应注意两点:①祈使句本身就是一个完整的句子,②祈使句常为“无主句”(没有主语)。

32.Bird’s singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______ away.

A. to stay

B. staying

C. stayed

D. stay

[解析] A. 原句意为:有时,鸟的歌唱是让其他鸟不要靠近的警告。不定式作后置定语修饰warning,和warning之间是同位关系,表示warning的内容,且表示将来;而B是现在分词,作定语时,表示主动和正在进行,C是过去分词,表示被动,均不对。

[点拨] 此题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。要注意作定语时三者的区别(见上述分析)。

33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?

A. should face

B. might face

C. could have faced

D. must have faced

[解析] C. could have done此处意为:过去本可以/能够做某事,但实际上未做。原句意为:我们本可以共同面对困难,你当时为何不告诉我呢?

[点拨] 此题考查虚拟语气的用法。应明晰几个常用的情态动词+have done的用法。

34. Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders?

A. at

B. on

C. to

D. across

[解析] D. 此处,shoulders指的是衣服的肩部,不是指人的肩膀。across此处意为:从一边到另一边,横过,越过。原句意为:你觉得这件衬衫两肩之间(的距离)是不是太紧了?

at可指时间或空间的一点, 如若变为at the shoulder(在肩部)亦可。

[点拨] 此题考查介词的用法。需了解常用介词的基本用法。此题亦可用for。

35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.

A. is

B. were

C. has been

D. had been

[解析] B. 原句意为:花盆要轻拿轻放,它不是钢做的。此句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,用一般过去时表示,排除D。在状语从句的虚拟语气中,be动词常用were。

[点拨] 此题考查虚拟语气的用法,是高中语法的难点之一,应透彻了解。

第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Inspiration

“Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my 36 took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was 37 to more, my interests in the world of dance 38 varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a 39 in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a 40 : I became a member of the company 41 back to 1925.

As I look back on that day now, it surely 42 any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief 43 I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actually 44 to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely 45 . I remember shaking with excitement.

Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of 46 . Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to 47 up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme 48 to detail (细节) and stress on practice that set us 49 . To then follow those high-energy rehearsals 50 a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new 51 of the words “hard work.” What I thoug ht were my physical 52 were pushed much further than I thought 53 . I learned to make each performance better than the last.

Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great 54 of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a 55 that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow—and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.

本文是一篇关于一位年轻人追求梦想,最后成功的励志故事,深刻地阐明了“有梦想谁都了不起,天道酬勤,成功只青睐有准备的人”的道理。对高中生而言,文章有一定的难度。36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word

[解析] C. 此处指“加入舞蹈剧团、从事舞蹈艺术”的梦想,同38题后的'dream',40题前的'dream'相呼应。

37. A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended

[解析] C. be exposed to 把…暴露于,接触;此处指作者有了更多的人生历练。

38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently [解析] B. 随着年龄的增长,对于舞蹈的兴趣的浓烈程度和方式“肯定”也有过变化。

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During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s46 I could hardly wait to 47 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and 52 .to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and leaned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 . Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I' m still putting to use what he 55 me:“the absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my60 as a journalist. 41. A put forward B jumped at C tried out D turned down 42. A waste B earn C save D pay 43. A excited B worried C moved D tired 44. A title B competitor C textbook D instructor 45. A urged B demanded C held D meant 46. A fastest B easiest C best D rarest 47. A interview B meet C challenge D beat 48. A chance B qualification C honor D job 49. A real B perfect C clear D possible 50. A attend B pass C skip D observe 51. A add B expose C apply D compare 52. A eventually B naturally C directly D normally 53. A game B presentation C course D experiment 54. A criterion B classroom C department D situation 55. A taught B wrote C questioned D promised 56. A fact B step C manner D skill 57. A grades B decisions C impressions D comments 58. A analyze B describe C rebuild D control 59. A announce B signal C block D evaluate 60. A role B desire C concern D behavior

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