考研作文预复习资料3

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◆专题四、中间段“天龙八部”（中）--写作套句和表达法

一、由浅入深（若其后论证较充分，此部分则可放弃）

1.尽管图画很简单，但其寓意却是非常深奥的。

Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.

2.作者的真实目的不是图画本身，而是要引导我们去探求在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么。

The author’s real purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg.

3.有鉴于它深刻的社会寓意，该引人深思现象非常值得我们努力去探究。

Given its profound social implication, the thought-provoking phenomenon is well worth our endeavor to explore.

4.尽管图画很简单（搞笑），所表达的寓意应受到关注。

1）Simple (and funny) as the 图is/ are, the connotation subtly conveyed should be taken into consideration with more insight (and penetration 洞察力；领悟力) /… should involve more insightful analys is.

2）The connotation behind the 图,which goes far beyond _______, should be analyzed more insightfully.

3）The picture seems to be humorous at first glance/sight，but on second thoughts (=after reconsideration), you can find the fact that_____.

二、深层含义（复习，要求熟记背诵）

1）Obviously, the purpose of the picture is to inform/remind us of the fact that we should not neglect the significance of ____.

2）Apparently, the purpose of the picture is to emphasize the necessity of …in our daily life. The message conveyed in the cartoon is twofold.

3）This sketch does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now and reminds us that on no account can we ignore the significance of ____.

4）Undoubtedly, the photos subtly reflect a prevalent and pervasive social phenomenon and remind us of the significance/ severity of ________.

5）Undoubtedly, this cartoon arouses our deep concern over the issue of ______.

6）The metaphoric and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed…

7）What can be inferred in this picture is virtually a (prevalent and pervasive) social issue and the significance/ severity of ____.

8）Simple and funny as the picture is, its subtle connotation endeavors to convince us that due attention has to be paid to the prevalent and pervasive issue of unsafe food.

9）The unique metaphor in this enlightening drawing endows us with the conception / notion that ____.

10）The witted author masterfully unfolds a truth that we have to …(use the Internet in a rational way).

11）It is apparent that the cartoonist aims at reminding u s of the importance of …

12）From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of (idol worship) in today’s China.

三、描述现象的句型：调查句、现象句、关注句

描述现象的句型(1)：调查句

1.According to a survey which is conducted by a famous international organization, …

2.As is demonstrated/ rev ealed by …(UNESCO), …

3.It is manifest（明显的）in a recent survey that …

4.Statistics shows that …

5.Many experts/ specialists lay stress on the fact that …

6.Many experts pointed out that …

7.As is proposed by many experts …

8.According to a professional opinion provide d by experts, …

描述现象的句型（2）：现象句

1.The increase in the number of people who do not take care of the old is accelerating.

2.People in mounting number …

3.There is an increase in the number of …

●描述“现象”的“重视……忽视……句型！！”（复习，要求熟记背诵）

1）The past several years are accompanied by the phenomenon that professors and lecturers in increasing numbers are only in pursuit of their research papers and titles, while totally turning a blind eye to their obligation as qualified educators.

2）The past several years witnessed many ugly behaviors of our professors and lecturers. They spend so much time and energy on thesis composing that they have little time to care their students, which is the primary priority （首要任务）of their responsibility.

描述现象的句型（3）：关注句

1.…, which has aroused deep concern.

2.…, which deserves special attention.

3.…, which merits attention.

4.…, which has been in the spotlight and aroused the public concern.

四、原因

1）方法一：因果链拓展法方法二：多个因果关系

2）过渡句(“原因如下”）的表述：

①Several factors, both individual and social, could account for the negative/ positive phenomenon.

②The reasons for the phenomenon may be complicated, but we can , to a large extent，ascribe/ owe/attribute (归结于) it to the following interrelated factors.

3）“原因”的3种常见写法：

“原因”写法1：（过渡句—双原因—结果）（复习）

（过渡句）Considering every aspect of the issue, we may ascribe it to the following two reasons. （原因一，向外看）For one thing, a great number of colleges and universities regard the number of papers as an essential standard to judge a teacher. （原因二，向内看）For another thing, the most significant things for many professors become money, position and luxury.（结果）Education, the fundamental task, is ruthlessly and relentlessly ignored.

“原因”写法2：原因→现状

◆With the speedy social and economic development (原因/背景)，youngsters in mounting/ growing/ increasing numbers admire the celebrities and super stars. (现状描述)

“原因”写法3：现状←原因

◆There is no denying the fact that a great number of fans worship pop singers, film and sports stars (现状描述), for the reason that the handsome appearance and unique personality of them are undeniably fascinating, especially for the teenagers. (原因)

◆The irresponsible teacher depicted in the picture is naturally associated with a great number of professors in real life, who are only in pursuit of their research papers and titles, while totally turning a blind eye to their obligation as qualified educators(现状描述), for the reason that a great number of colleges and universities regard the number of papers as an essential standard to judge a teacher. (原因)

五、后果/影响（复习）

1）The indifferent attitude towards education not only undermines the teaching quality of universities and adversely affects students’ desire for knowledge, but also sounds an alarm to education system in contemporary society.（多变原则）

2）Undeniably, this phenomenon will reduce/ impair/ affect the education quality. And students on the other hand, will have no specific and professional instruction.

坏的影响：

?undermine = weaken (sth/sb) gradually or insidiously ?adversely affect

?exert a negative influence on

?put an enormous pressure upon

?bring about an adverse/ unfavorable consequence on ?pose a potential and probable threat to

?be detrimental to=do harm to

?have a disruptive and destructive influence on 好的影响

?bring about a(n) far-reaching influence/ impact on ?lay a solid foundation for

?play an irreplaceable role in

?serve as a catalyst for （促进）

?exert a positive influence on

?be beneficial to=do good to

六、举例论证（本讲重点）

1. 引出例子的两个常用过渡句：

◆Numerous convincing examples can be given, however, one will suffice.

◆In fact, there are few places where you can not find similar cases in the world/in our country.

2. 其它引出例子的方法：

1.我们人类历史上与这个话题相关的例子有很多，下面这个是最有说服力的。

Our human history has been filled with a variety of examples of …, with the following one being the foremost. 2.在我所听到的，看到的，经历过的所有和这个话题相关的例子之中，最有说服力的是……

Among all the touching facts relating to … that I have heard, noticed, and experienced, the most impressive one is …

3.除了这个例子，我找不到更有说服力的了。

I can think of no better examples other than …

3. 结构例证法（要求熟记）：

①The（用形容词概括）人物__，who__, __描述__ (细节化举例), which best exemplifies the view that 观点.

②The（用形容词概括）人物__，who__, __描述__ (细节化举例), is often considered as the best example of the view that 观点.

③It can be best/aptly exemplified by the case of ______(, who/which ______).

4. 举例范例（要求熟记默写）：

举例1.刘翔

The famous Chinese athlete, Liu Xiang, who has won the Olympic golden medal and kept the world record, is never afraid of being challenged and regards his process of racing as a pleasure, which is often viewed as the best example of the view that confidence is necessary in people’s career.

举例2：Bill Gates

The wo rld’s richest man for 15 consecutive years, Bill Gates, who is the chairman of Microsoft, seek help from his workers and partners (always believe in himself) and achieve great success, which is often viewed as the best example of the view that cooperation is necessary in people’s career.

举例3. 04年真题：持续不停的努力

A case in point is the successful launching of “Zhengzhou V Spacecraft” which is of great significance to the development of our country. Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese, we are facing new challenges in the future and need to do further research in space technology. Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees. If we pass this test and are fortunately admitted by a university, we shall not stop making efforts. Instead, we are confronted with the challenge of the conquering the difficult graduate courses. We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career. On the whole, these examples effectively clarify the saying that “destination is another starting point.”

举例4：(07年：自信)

◆A case in point is the successful launching of “Shenzhou V Spacecraft” which is of great significance to the development of our country. Although our country lag behind some countries, we never lose confidence, after several years’ hard work, we have overcome several difficulties and realized our goals. Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees. Many students, if not most, are not sure about their abilities and quit the exams even in the night before the exam.

举例5：海伦·凯勒

◆聋哑的美国女孩海伦·凯勒是这方面的一个典型例子，因为她一生都在为一个接一个的目标而努力和奋斗。因此，她最后变成了一个优秀的作家并不令人惊讶。同样的，工商界如果想要保持它们的竞争力，就要不断地为自己设立新任务。例如，微软公司作为如此大型的一个集团，也从来没有停止创造新产品的脚步，该公司在最近发布了Vista, Office 2007和Exchange Server 三大产品。总的来说，永不停止的努力才能引领进步和发展。

◆The deaf and mute American girl Henlen Keller is a typical example of our case, as she had spent her whole life struggling and striving for one goal after another. It is not surprising that she finally turned out to be an excellent writer. Equally, businesses and industries should keep setting new tasks in order to preserve their competitiveness. Microsoft, for instance, never ceases (stops) creating new products. The company launched V ista, Office 2007 and Exchange Server recently thought it is already being such a huge conglomerate 联合大企业）. In short, it is non-stop efforts that lead to progress.

举例6：知己知彼

◆在对著名中国运动员刘翔的一个最近的采访中，他透露了自己的成功部分归功于他的训练队详细研究了他在世界各国的对手们的特点，因此他可以学习他人的优点，于是面对比赛的时候更有信心。就像中国古代著名的兵书《孙子兵法》总结的那样，知已知彼，百战不殆。

举例6：知己知彼

◆In a recent interview of hurdler Liu Xiang, he revealed that his success is partly owed to his training team’s study of his strong competitors around the world, so that he can learn from the others and is more confident when facing any new race. Just as the ancient Chinese philosophical book The Art of War concludes, if you know yourself and your enemy, you’ll never lose a battle.

举例7：张海迪

◆反映这种精神的一个很好例子就是张海迪精神，她是中国著名的残疾人作家。尽管她的身体上有缺陷，但她却自学了八种语言、创作了许多作品和翻译作品。她和刘翔一样，都证明了个人意志可以转变成为伟大的成就。

◆A good example that echoes this spirit is Zhang Haidi, the famous Chinese disabled writer. In spite of her physical disadvantages, she has managed to study eight languages by herself, and has yielded numerous works and translations. She, as well as Liu Xiang, proves that the power of individual willingness can be transformed into splendid accomplishment.

举例8：读书的重要性

◆简单地回顾一下历史上有着杰出成就的名人更可以证明读书的重要性。比如卡尔·马克思在他得出他的马克思主义理论之前，在大英图书馆中读了非常多的书、以至于他经常坐的那个位置下面都留下了他的脚印。同样的道理也适用于普通人，我相信每一个人都能够从好书中获益。

◆A brief review of history about famous people with great accomplishments also demonstrates the fundamental importance of book-reading. Karl Marx, for example, had read so many books in the British Library before his writing a new theories that his footprints were left on the ground of the seat where he usually sat. The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from good books.

七、调查句引出细节—科学论据法

调查句（同描述现象的句型）

例：根据一项调查，每年希望工程所募集的资金价值￥…，这些钱可以…

◆According to the latest survey, money collected annually has reached as much as about $1,000,000,000, which can help 3 million children finish their primary school.

八、总结：

?坏：威胁性总结（假如听之任之）好：反面论证（可省略）

威胁性总结套句（复习）

●空洞版：If we let the situation go as it is, the education system would deteriorate and collapse./would become

unimaginable and unpredictable.

●虚拟语气版：Were the situation to continue, it would become uncontrollable. =(If the situation were to

continue, ……)

●详细具体版（自己发挥言之有物版）：If no effective and efficient measures were taken, students would accept

no useful knowledge, teachers would become businessmen, and universities, the place for noble education, would descend to a supermarket.

总结时所用迷茫句套句：

●In my eyes, if we let such a situation go as it is (坏事)/if we can hardly realize the significance of (好事)，we do

not know where our society is in the future./…, the whole society wi ll suffer a great destructio n. /…, we will pay

a high price.

●Provided that/If such stories go unchallenged, it is hard to imagine what our society will be like years later.

●Failure to realize the severity of this grim situation will inevitably decrease our chances of success.

例：如果没有这些帮助，那么这些孩子将永远无法得到宝贵的知识，永远生活在黑暗之中。

◆Were there no such precious help, those children would never taste the knowledge and they would live in the darkness forever.

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