英美文化
Us 3
In 1782, the french who settled in pennsy first asked the question " what is an American" in his book Letters from An American Farmer.
The New world of america was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from Asia and the second from Europe and Africa.
American indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arrived. These three civilizations were the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas. Columbus discovered the new world in the year of 1492
The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of John Cabot.
Martin luther was the first to start the Religious reformation and the next important leader of the reformation was John Calvin.
The first permanent settlement in north america was established in today's Virginia in the year of 1607.
The crop tobacco that was transplanted from the west indian saved virginia.
lord Baltimore who set up the colony of Maryland was Catholics in religion.
New england was founded by a group of religious believers called Puritans while pennsylvania was planted by William Penn who was a Quakev in religion.
Us 4
After the war of independence was won, the national government was called the congress and the agreement that guided the government was the Articles of Confederation.
The city where the declaration of independence was signed and where the US constitution was made is Philadelphia.
The constitutional convention was held in the year of 1787 and the president of the convention was George Washington.
The constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government.
A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constitution with some rights reserved to each.
The US federal government consists of the following three branches: the executive ,the legislative and the judicial.
The congress is divided into t he House of Representatives with 435 members who serve two year terms, and the Senate with 100 lawmakers who serve sixyear terms. Group who try to persuade congressmen to vote for or against a bill are known as lobbies.
The supreme court is composed of 1 chief justice and 8 associate justice.
The supreme court has the function of determining whether congressional legislative or executive action violates the constitution. this power is called judicial review. There are 26 amendments to the US constitution
The two major political parties are the democratic party, which is thought to be more liberal, and the republican party, which is believed to be more conservative.
US unit6
1. WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
2. The Great Awakening of the 1740s tried to breathe new feeling and strength into r eligion, and cut across the the lines of protestant religious group.
3. According to John Locke, the right to govern comes from an agreement or social co ntract voluntarily entered into by free people.
4. Deists believes that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle hi s own affairs
5. The majority of the Catholics in the US are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland.
6. Prayer and Bible reading in public schools in the US are unconstutional.
7. The Three Faiths in the US refer to Protestant, Cathonlic and Jewish.
8. According to the text, in England, four-fifths of the people except Catholics go to c hurch less than once a month; in Sweden the majority hardly ever go to church at all. Yet half of American Protestants are active church members.
9. Freedom of religious belief or non-belief is provided in the The First Amendment in the US Constitution.
10. The first Catholic president in the US was J.F. Kennedy.
US unit7
1. Washington lrving and James Fenimore Cooper are the two major writers of the po st-Revolutionary period.
2. "The Masque of the Red Death" and "The Fall of the House of usher" were stories written
3. In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a novel titled Uncle Tom' Cabin, which intensified the political debate on slavery.
4. Mark Twain's The Adentures of Huckleberry Finn is considered the greatest novel i n American literature.
5. Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle exposed the horrible lives of meat-packing factor y workers.
6. Ezra Pound's poetry is famous for imagism, the use of strong, concrete images.
7. T.S. Eliot's long poem The Waste Land revealed a pessimistic view of post-World W ar I society. He dominated the so-called “Modern” movement in poetry.
8. After World War I, many novelists produced literary works of disillusionment. Som
e o
f them lived abroad and were known as the “Lost Gerneration”.
9. F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby was about youth's golden dream turnin
g to disappointment.
10. The following three novels were the best-known written by Ernest Hemingway: T he Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms.
11. William Faulkner effectively uses the stream of consciousness, multiple points of view, symbolism and imagery in his novels.
12. Eugene O'Neil is a great American playwright, whose plays include Desire Under t he Elms and Long Day's Journey into Night.
13. John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath was a portrait of a poor family during the p eriod of the Depression.
14. Richard Wright wrote the novel The Native Son, and Ralph Ellison wrote the novel Invisible Man. Both were black writers.
15. The representative work of the "Beat Generation" was Alan Ginsberg's poem Ho wl.
16. Toni Morrison won the Nobel prize for Literature in 1993, the first Afro-American writer to receive this honor.
UK unit 1
1. The full name of United kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North ern Ireland.
2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales.
3. The United King has been a member of the European Union since 1973.
4. Britain is now a multiralcial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 a re of non-European ethnicity.
5. London plays a significant role in Britain's economic and cultural life, it's not only t he financial centre of the nation, but also one of the major international financial cen tres in the world.
6. Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire in the late 8th century they experienced raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered invasions from Normans.
7. The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the fifth century.
8. The capital of Britain is London, which has great influence on the UK in all fields inc luding government, finance, and culture.
UK unit 1-2
9. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he arrempted to overthro w parliament in the English Revolution.
10. Name two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally respected univer sities: Edingburgh and Glasgow.
11. The battle of Bannockburn led by Robert the Bruce succeeded in winning the full independence of Scotland.
12. Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliaments to the Lo ndon parliament and each holds 72 and 38 seats respectively.
13. The capital of Scotland is Edingburgh, which is well-known for its natural beauty.
14. Although wales is the smallest of the three nations on the mainland, it's good at g etting investment from abroad, particularly Japan and the United States.
UK unit 3-1
1. King Egbert, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.
2. The doctrine of the "divine right of kings" held that the sovereign derived his auth ority from God, not from his subjects.
3. During the civil war in the 17th century, those who represented the interests of Par
liament are called roundheads, and those who supported the King were called loyalis ts.
4. In 1215, some feudal barons and the Church forced King John to sign the Magna Carta to place some limits on the King's power.
5. In medieval times, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and representa tives of counties, towns and cities-called the Great Counci l to raise money.
6. In 1689, Parliament passed the Bill of Rights to ensure that the King would never b
e able to ignore Parliament.
7. In the 18th century, King George I left the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one o
f his ministers who later came to be called Prime Minister.
8. In Britain, the oficial head of state is the Queen, while the real centre of political lif
e is in the House o
f Commons.
9. The British Constitution consists of statute law, common law and conventions.
10. The most important function of the Parliament is to pass laws.
11. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
12. Life peers should be nominated by Prime Minister and appointed by the sovereig n.
UK unit4
1. The UK is divided into 650 constituencies with each of them represented by a mem ber in the parliament.
2. The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms the government and i ts party leader becomes the Prime Minister.
3. Normally, a government can be in power for 5 years, and then it has to resign and hold a general election.
4. If a government loses a vote of no confidence i n the House of Commons, it has to r esign.
5. The amount of time given to each party in the "party electoral broadcasts" is prop ortional to the percentage of the vote which the party received at the previous electi on.
6. The Liberal Democrats are regarded by many people as comparatively constituency campaign and in their balance of the individual and the social.
7. There are three major parties in the UK: the Conservative party, the Labour party a nd the Liberal Democratic party.
8. National Health Service was established by the Labour government in 1948, provid ing health care for
all the people.
9. From 1979 to 1997, the Conservative party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quite a long time.
10. People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely t o be described as lower middle class.
11. A university teacher would probably read a newspaper like The Guardian while a manual worker would probably read The Sun.
12. One distinctive feature about the class system in Britain is that it still retains a her
editary aristocracy.
13. Most of the recent immigrants come from South Asian countries such as India Pa kistan and Sri Lanka; and Caribbean countries such as Jamaica and Trinidad.
14. On February 12, 2010, British Prime Minister Mr.Gordon Brown took part in a vid eo-conference with UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and Prime Minister Meles Ze nawi of Ethiopia to launch a High Level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing.
15. The UK government has followed a forthright policy in dealing with climate chang
e since the Kyoto was signed in 1997.
UK unit6
1.One of the oldest of the early"old English"literary work is a long poem from Anglo S axon times called Beowulf.
2. The Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey chaucer is often studied by middle schoo l and college students today.
3. Shakespeare's plays fall into three categories. They are tragedies, comedies and his tory plays.
4. Name two of the tragedies written by Shakespeare: Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet.
5. Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte are noted for their respective novel Jane Eyre a nd Wuthering Heights which are largely the love stories of a woman for a man.
6. Charles Dickens and Elizabeth Gaskell are regarded not only as novelists but also as social critics in the 19th century.
7. The author of Ivanhoe was Sir Walter Scott; Charles Dickens's novel Oliver Twist tel ls the story of an orphan child drawn into crime in the London underworld.
8.20th-century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periods: Modernis m and Postmodernism.
9. Virginia Woolf was one of the most famous writers of the 20th century.
Her work was concerned with the individual consciousness, especially the female co nsciousness. She sometimes used the technique of the stream of consciousness in he r writing.
10. The Heart of Darkness was written by Joseph Conrad; the author of the book 798 4 was George Orwell.
11. The best-known novel by William Golding is titled Lord of Flies.
12. In popular fiction, lan Fleming's fantastic James Bond stories are well-known, esp ecially for their numerous film versions.
Unit 9
1. Britain's three most popular activities are watching TV, listening to the radio and re ading newspapers.
2. Britain has one of the world's oldest established newspaper industries. The which appeared in 1791, is the world's oldest national newspaper, while The Times, which b egan publishing in 1785, is Britain's oldest daily newspaper.
3. The quality newspapers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular politi cal and social importance.
4. The Guardian is regarded as the most left-wing newspaper in Britain.
5. The other category of newspapers is the tabloids which are often called"the gutter press".
6. Officially speaking the British newspapers are free from government control and ce nsorship and can print what they like, but many British aws limit the freedom of new spapers.
7. The BBC stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation.
8. For a long time the BBC had two channels. BBC One entertains people with sports, drama, current affairs, etc.; BBC Two provides special interest audience with docume ntaries and shows
.9. The News of the World, which began publishing in 1843, is considered as one of th
e tabloids.
10. The Financial Times carries business stories, and this paper is printed not only at home but also in many other countries of the world such as Germany, France, Spain a nd Japan.
11. The media are also affected by the Official Secret Act, a legal act which demands t hat all government information is kept secret unless the government agrees to releas
e it.
12. The media have many functions. They provide people with information about poli tical and social problems. They carry advertising and also play an important role in fo rming a national culture.
英美文化概况之英国篇
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
英美文化背景 英美文化及其风俗习惯
英美文化及其风俗习惯 1．关于个人隐私：英美人特别注重个人隐私，他们认为个人的事不必让别人知道，更不愿让别人干预，当陌生人或不大熟悉的人提出How old are you?(你多大了?)／How much do you make? (你赚多少钱?)／Are you married? (你结婚了吗?)等涉及年龄、收入、婚姻状况、宗教信仰等问题时，都被认为有失礼貌。因此，在与英美人交往时，应避免问及有关隐私的问题。 2．被邀做客带什么?在英美等国家，如果被邀请去别人家里做客，除非遇到一些重大的节日或婚礼、生日等特殊的场合，通常只需带上一点小礼物或一束鲜花即可。如果是好朋友相邀，则送不送礼物都可以，如果一定要送点什么，也不需要买过于贵重的东西，礼物可以是一瓶酒，一块巧克力，一张有纪念意义的明信片等。在接过礼物后，接受礼物的人则会马上打开礼物，并说一些赞赏的话，而赠送礼物的人衷心地说一声“Thank you very much.”也是必不可少的。 3．在欧美国家，当你乘坐出租车或在饭店、旅店消费，进行理发或美容时，除车费、饭钱、住宿费等应付的账单外，常常还需支付一定的小费。小费的比例一般为账单的10％-15％。人们通常给出租车司机、理发师、美容师、旅馆行李员小费。但在饮食店和旅馆，如果小费已经算在账单里了，通常就不必再给小费了。给小费是尊重对方劳动的礼貌行为。 4．当你接到美国人请你到家做客的邀请时，你或许会感到困惑，不知道在美国人家里怎么做。其实很简单，大部分美国人都希望你在做客时表现得自然，你没必要过于拘谨。一般来说，美国人对于朋友的到访都带有随意的态度。他们希望你能感到轻松、舒适，就像你在自己家里一样。当然，在别人家里有些事你是不能做的，比如说，不经允许就开冰箱拿可乐喝或乱翻动桌子上的资料等是不礼貌的。英美国家，介绍互不相识的双方认识有习惯的顺序：先把家人介绍给主人，把男子介绍给女子，把年幼者介绍给年长者，把位卑者介绍给位尊者。 5．当你收到你不想接受的邀请时，你该如何拒绝呢?在英语中，有许多表示拒绝的用语。他们有的口气强硬，有的较委婉。对别人的邀请委婉地拒绝会更有礼貌，也让人容易接受。比如：“I'm sorry．but I'm busy on Saturday．(对不起，我星期六很忙。)”而不能说：“No. I don't want to go．(不，我不想去。)”又比如，你可以说：“I’d like t0 play tennis，but I have something else to do．(我喜欢打网球，可是我还有别的事要做。)”而避免说：“No，I don't want to play tennis with you．(我不想和你去打网球。)” 6．“这些东西多少钱(How much is it)?”在各国都是一个普通但重要的问题。在使用时各国却存在一个文化的差异。在亚洲的大部分国家，在小商店里向店主询问商品价格并讨价还价(bargain)是很自然的事。但在美国和其他西方国家，即使是小店，每样商品的包装上都有价格标签(price tag)。你不需询问价格，只用按照标签上的价格付钱即可，人们极少讨价还价。但是除了商品本身的价格外，人们通常还需另付商品价格5％～8．5％的消费税。
英美文化常识
英美文化知识素养答题题库 英美文化知识素养答题题库 1 单项选择题： 美国由___________个州组成。 A. 48 B. 49 C. 50 D. 51 答案 C 2 单项选择题： 人有绰，城市有绰，有趣的是，有的国家也有绰，如美国的绰是_____，英国的绰是_____ A Aunt Sam, Uncle John B New Continent, Great Britain C Washington, Elizabeth D Uncle Sam, John Bull 答案D 3 单项选择题： 在英美国家，人们通常将“体力劳动者”称为_____workers ，把“脑力劳动者”称为_____workers，而把“服务、维修等行业的人们”称为_____workers。 A blue, green, white B blue, white, grey. C black, blue, green D white, blue, black 答案 B 4 单项选择题： 在美国土生土长的传统节日是_____________。 A. 复活节 B. 感恩节 C. 圣诞节 D. 中秋节 答案B 5 单项选择题： 有这样一则笑话：有一次一个外宾对翻译说：“I wonder if I can go somewhere?”翻译回答道“Yes, you can go anywhere in China.”外宾不禁愕然。你知道这位翻 译的问题出在哪里了吗？ A 外宾的意思是他想马上离开。 B 外宾的意思是他要上厕所。 C外宾的意思是他想随便走走。 D外宾的意思是想休息一下。 答案B 6 单项选择题： 当你给一位英国朋友写信时，你若在写完信之后突然想起来还要补充点什么，此时你通常在补充的内容前加上_____这两个字母。 A P,S B OT C C, D D B,C 答案 A 7 单项选择题： 中国人喜欢说“自己动手，丰衣足食”，英美人也有类似的喜好，他们称之为______。
【英美文化】各章节知识点
Outline of chapters After learning this chapter you should learn to Chapter 1 I. terms: culture, iceberg, culture shock, low context culture/ high context culture, collectivism/ individualism, relationship-oriented/ task-oriented, multicultural person, monocultural person, multilingual person, the characteristics of culture II. Questions: 1. List some cultural differences between the west and east. at least 5. 2. What is cultural stereotype and its influence on cultural learning? 3. What kind of attitude shall we take towards cultural learning and cultural generalizations? Chapter 2 I. Terms: value, individualism, collectivism, individual-oriented society, group-oriented society II. Questions： 1. The core value of the U.S.: individualism, privacy, equality, informality, directness and assertiveness. 2. The core value of Britain: class system, British food, socializing, understatement and so on. 3. Different value in American and British daily life. 4. Cultural reasons of cheating. 5. The child-parent relationship in different culture. 6. The difference of American dream and Chinese dream. Chapter 3: I. Terms： Western-style conversation, Japanese-style conversation, low-context communication, high-context communication II. Questions: 1.Can you use different ballgames to explain western-style conversation and Japanese-style conversation? 2.What are the differences between low-context and high-context communication? 3.How should students organize their expository writing in English? 4.What are the unspoken rules for a language? 5.Can you give a specific example of directness in verbal interaction between Americans? Chapter 4 1.Illustrate the importance of nonverbal communication. 2.Know at least 5 aspects of silent language. 3.Explain the functions of nonverbal cues. 4.Explain Americans’ perception of time and their time concept.
英美文化 (英国部分答案)
(判断题) Chapter 1 1. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F) 2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T) 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F) 4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F) 5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F) 6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T) 7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T) 8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F) Chapter 2 1. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T) 3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F) 4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F) 8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T) Chapter 3 1. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T) 2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F) 3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F) 4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F) 5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F) 6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T) 7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F) 8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T) Chapter 4 1. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T) 2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T) 3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)
英美文化
一．A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning （告别辞：莫悲伤） Whilst some of their sad friends do say , The breath goes now , and some say, no: (ABAB) Moving of th'earth brings harms and fears, earthquake--caused by God's anger Men reckon what it did and meant, calculate/count up But trepidation of the spheres, trembling (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit Absence, because it doth remove Those things which elemented it. composed physical love (DFDF)
But we by a love, so much refin'd, purified That our selves know not what it is, Inter-assured of the mind, mutually assured Our two souls therefore, which are one, Though I must go, endure not yet, yet not to suffer If they be two, they are two so As stiff twin compasses are two, To move, but doth, if th'other do. (JKJK) And though it in the center sit, fixed foot Yet when the other far doth roam, does move far It leans, and hearkens after it, And grows erect, as that comes home.the foot that draws the circumference (LFLF) Such wilt thou be to me, who must Like th'other foot, obliquely run; And makes me end, where I begun (MNMN) 主题：The poet and his lover is going to separate. The poet would like to comfort his lover that their love is sacred and they will never be inseparable as the soul will never be inseparable from the body so that she shouldn’t show grief to his leaving. 主人公：The poet loves his lover very much. Although they are going to separate, he still knows clearly that no matter where he goes, their souls will always be together and their love will always be pure as well as sacred.
英美文化知识点整理
Chapter 1 1.the geographical composition of the U.K.: two/four parts 2.the population: the majority / the earliest inhabitants 3.the English language: the Germanic group of the Indo-European family / three periods Chapter 2 4.Westminster Abbey 5.1066, Norman Conquest, feudalism 6.Henry II—jury system 7.Magna Carta 8.the Hundred Years’ War 9.House of Tudor: medieval to modern 10.Religious Reformation: the Roman Catholic Church VS. Henry VIII 11.two camps of the Civil War 12.the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy 13.the Industrial Revolution: reasons / effects 14.the British Empire —colonization 15.Three Majestic Circles Chapter 3 16.the British Constitution: three parts 17.a division of powers among three branches 18.Parliament —the law-making body; two houses The House of Commons —center of parliamentary power 19.the role of the Prime Minister 20.The House of Lords —Supreme Court 21.Scotland —a distinct legal system 22.right/left wing party 23.a general election —every 5 years 24.The Commonwealth —decolonization; an unpolitical union of sovereign states Chapter 4 25.Margaret Thatcher and her controversial policies 26.three sectors of economy —primary, secondary and tertiary 27.the major trends in the British economy 28.two pillar industries of the current British economy Chapter 5 29.British compulsory education —5 to 16 30.four stages secondary education —comprehensive school further education —sixth form 31.two systems
英美文化知识竞赛试题范围答案
试题范围 一．填空题 1. The river Thames is in __C___. A Wales B Scotland C England D Northern Ireland 2. The Industrial Revolution started in ___A__. A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Australia 3. Big Ben was named after __B___. A Christopher Wren B Benjamin Hall C Ben John D G. Stephenson 4. The most popular sport in America is __A___. A. baseball B. basketball C. football 5. Most British couples go to __A__ to have their wedding ceremony. A. church B. concert C. registry office 6. The British people usually have a small quantity of __A___ as a first course. A. soup B. sweet C. vegetable 7. What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _D__. A. price B. tax C. weather D. Sports 8. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on __A__. A. horse racing B. Bingo C. football pools D. dog racing 9. ___A__ is basically a home and family festival. A. Christmas B. Boxing Day C. Easter Monday 10. The British people traditionally like to live in __B___. A. high buildings B. small houses C. big houses occupies the __C___ portion of the . A. northern B. eastern C. southern 12. The most important part of the . in wealth is __B___. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland second largest port in Britain is __C__. A. London B. Belfast C. Liverpool
英美文化差异
英美文化差异 文化是一个复合体，其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他能力和习惯。交际的过程是人们运用语言知识和社会文化知识传递信息的过程，所以学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化背景知识是分不开的。了解英美文化知识，有助于交际畅通。相反，缺乏了解英美文化背景知识必然导致交际障碍，冲突和误解。我们从一下几个方面来了解一下英美两过的文化差异： 一、民族性格差异 英国比美国拥有更悠久的历史，因为英国曾经被法国侵占，所以英国文化以及思维方式在很大程度上都受到法国上流社会的影响，并在长期的发展中形成了英国人特有的“绅士”风度。他们说话客气、行为礼貌，做事情喜欢绕圈子，如果想给你提一些批评指正意见也许需要大费周章的绕很多圈子。 美国作为一个年轻的国家，在近代的发展中体现出该国强大的生命力。该国民族文化的形成与殖民主义、独立战争、工业革命紧密地联系在了一起。也因此美国民族风格的形成就具备了资产阶级的特质。美国人性格的一大特点就是时刻把民主与平等挂在嘴边，这是因为美洲大陆在为殖民地期间，人们要想更好的发展下去，就必须建立起平等的合作关系以保证生产的持续进行。这也就解释了美国人为何一直以世界警察自居，去干涉他国的人权问题，这不仅仅是因为美国政府为了自身经济利益考虑，也符合美国的民族性格。 二、语言差异 英式英语和美式英语之间的差别有时是惊人的，在发音、词汇的使用、语法、和表达方式上都不同。在国内时英语学得很不错的人，一旦到了美国，往往感到美式英语的困惑，不得不花大量的时间来适应美式英语。尽管英美两国都是说英语的国家，但是英式英语与美式英语之间还是存在这很大差异的。首先从发音来看，英式英语讲究字正腔圆，发音比较清楚，很少有连读现象。而美式英语中连读频率很高，卷舌音很多，美国人讲话秉承的就是能省则省，能连则连的原则。另外，两国在用词上也有很大差异，有时同一事物用的词语是不同的，有时要表达同一意思用的句子也是不同的。比如两个人见面打招呼，英国人会用‘How are you‘，而美国人就会简单的用’Hi’来代替。在表达方式上的差别也很惊人。当我看到一本英语口语教材中“好久不见了”的英语口语竟然是“Long time no see”时，我非常反感，认为这是地地道道的中国式英语。但是，当我问在美国定居的一个朋友时，他告诉我，有些美国人就是说“Long time no see” 三、生活习俗差异 英国人非常讲究衣着，讲究绅士风度，西装革履。美国人相对就随意很多，想穿什么就穿什么，不介意别人的评价。两国在饮食上也有很大差异，英国人在饮食上也处处散发着上流社会的高贵气质，从选材到烹饪都精细到了极致，尤其是餐桌礼仪，餐桌上不能发出任何声音，包括说话以及餐具敲击的声音，几乎所有西餐的规则英国人都会遵守。美国人在就餐问题上就随意多了，美国人饮食不讲究精细，只关心方便便捷，一日三餐都很随便，垃圾食品是美国人的最爱。 四、教育差异 英国人的保守与严谨，体现在教育上就是完善的教育体系。英国有一套严格的质量监控体制，各大院校的教学质量评估与科研评估结果向全世界公布，英国的高等教育会定期受到检查。英国大学的科研水平长期保持了一个很高的水平，也是与这个体制分不开的。英国教育的质量也体现在对学生的严格考核上，有的专业可以用“残酷”来形容，被淘汰拿不到学位的也大有人在，英国老师通常不会因为学生只差一点而放学生一马，他们的职业道德和敬业风度有力的保证了教育质量。
英美文化
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Geography, People and Language 全名: theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain（大不列颠联合王国）and Northern Ireland（北爱尔兰）. 由成千上万的小岛组成（theBritish Isles）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain（大不列颠）and Ireland （爱尔兰） The River Thames (second longest and mostimportant), originates（起源于）in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh爱丁堡) importantriver:Clyde River kilts（苏克兰小短裙） Wales( Cardiff加迪夫，著名港口). The Severn River is thelongest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast贝尔法斯特，首府) LoughNeagh----the largest lake in the British Isles. Climate: temperate, with warm summers, cool wintersand plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛 Three major features: winter fog, rainy day,instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London---Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅), St. Paul’s Cathedral（圣保罗大教堂）, The TowerBridge of London（伦敦塔桥） The majority of the population isdescendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人 Most people in Wales and Scotland aredescendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人 English belongs to the Indo-European familyof languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系 Germanic group: East Germanic, NorthGermanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。英语从西日耳曼语中发展。 1、Old English: was influenced by Old Norse spoken by the Vikings and was relatedto the German and Dutch languages.受古代维京人所说的古斯坎德纳威亚语影像并和德语法语密切相关.was ended with the Norman Conquest, when the language was influenceby the French-speaking Normans.古英语时代结束于说法语的诺曼人的征服 2、Middle English: William the Conqueror invaded and conquered and the Anglo-Saxons(Numerous French words came into the English vocabulary)征服者威廉入侵并征服和盎格鲁-撒克逊人（大量的法语词汇进入英语词汇） 3、Modern English(15 century): William Caxton brought standardization to English, andspelling and grammar became fixed. The first dictionary published in 1604.Samuel Johnson: A Dictionary of the English Language was influential in astandard form of spelling.卡克斯顿威廉带来了标准化的英语，并成为固定的拼写和语法。第一本字典发表于1604。约翰逊塞缪尔：一本英文字典是有影响的一种标准形式的拼写。 Standard English is based on the speech of theupper class of southeastern England. It is also called “the Queen’sEnglish” or “BBC English”. A third of world’s population use English.标准英语是基于英国东南部的讲话的。它也被称为“女王的英语”或“英国广播公司英语”。三分之一的世界人口使用英语。
英美文化复习
英美文化复习 Unit 1 1. National flower---rose Flag—the Union flag or the Union Jack Anthem---God Save the Queen 2. Component parts of the country---Northern Ireland 、Scotland、 England、Wales Unit 2 1. National flower ：rose Bird ：The Bald Eagle Flag ：The Stars and Stripes anthem ：The Stars and Stripes Forever Great seal: 美国国徽美国风光欣赏(20张)外围为两个同心圆，
内有一只白头海雕（秃鹰）雄踞中央，双翼展开，其右爪握一束橄榄枝，左爪握13支利箭，尖嘴中叼着一条飘带，上用拉丁文写着―合众为一‖ Uncle Sam ：―山姆大叔‖是美国的绰号，被用来代指―美国‖或―美国政府‖，主要在美国、英国，尤其是在新闻界中使用较多。I need you用于征兵 2. Ethnic group: White: 65% Latin American descent:16.5% Black: 12.9% Asian: 4.6% Native American (American Indians and Inuit) :1.2%. 3. History: Westward movement: 1789-1859 Independence War: 1775-1789 Civil War: 1860-1865 Great Depression: 1929-1933 Civil rights movement: 1955–1968 4. 补充 Civil War Time: From April,1861 to April, 1865 Two sides of the war: The Northern States & the Southern
英美文化的一些知识
1. British personalities(P6)（星） The best-known quality of the British , and in particular of the English, is “reserve”. A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers , does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Closely related to English reserve is English modesty, within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. Its ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself—at one’s own faults, one’s own failures and embarrassments, even at one’s own ideals. Finally, sportsmanship . Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention.(152) 2. Importance of Elizabeth Era in politics,military,international relations and culture（月） Elizabeth Era is a British golden age. In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and siblings. She followed a motto “I see, and say nothing” ,which saved her from political misalliances. Elizabeth restored the status of the episcopal church. And in the first two years she released the supreme law and a single laws, regulating