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全国英语等级考试第三级

PUBLIC ENGLISH TEST SYSTEM (PETS) LEVEL 3

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SECTION IListening Comprehension

(25 minutes)

Directions:

This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a se-lection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.

Now look at Part A in your test booklet.

Part A

Directions:

You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer-A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue only once.

1. What does the woman mean?

A. She prefers the artists she has studied.

B. She hopes they will take some of the paintings away.

C. She hasn't gone to see the exhibits yet.

D. She doesn't want to describe the exhibit.

2. What is the woman's reply?

A. She knows Professor Arnold has come.

B. She thinks Professor Arnold has checked in.

C. She is sure that Professor Arnold has arrived.

D. She doesn't know whether Professor Arnold has arrived.

3. Who answered the phone?

A. James Clock.

B. Mary.

C. Sue.

D. Not mentioned.

4. How does the man feel about his grade?

A. It was an improvement.

B. It was disappointing.

C. It was unfair.

D. It was satisfying.

5. What does the woman mean?

A. They're ready for the snow.

B. Once it starts, it'll snow a lot.

C. It has been snowing for some time.

D. The winter has just begun.

6. What subject does the man teach now?

A. English.

B. Chemistry.

C. History.

D. Chinese.

7. Which subject does the woman like most?

A. Science.

B. Maths.

C. History.

D. Computer programming.

8. What does the man mean?

A. The library no longer had the book on reserve.

B. The library closed earlier than he'd expected.

C. The professor had chosen a mystery book for him instead.

D. The homework assignment isn't clear.

9. What does the man mean?

A. He must hand in a full report on the exhibition.

B. He is too busy to go along.

C. He has to wash his hands first.

D. He has already seen the show.

10. Where does this conversation most probably take place?

A. In a library.

B. In a hospital.

C. At a bank.

D. In a store.

Part B

Directions:

You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear the recording only once.

Questions 11 - 13 are based on the following dialogue.

11. How long has the woman been with the company?

A. Only two years.

B. Only one year.

C. More than two years.

D. One year and a half.

12. Why hasn't the woman got the new job, according to the man?

A. Because she is a woman.

B. Because of her clothes.

C. Because she is not capable enough.

D. Because she dislikes the job.

13. What can we learn from the dialogue?

A. Carl Drexler is a good manager.

B. The man thought the woman was too proud.

C. The woman is not confident enough.

D. The woman thinks that capability is the most important thing.

Questions 14 -17 are based on the following dialogue.

14. Where is the Bank of English created?

A. At the University of Buckingham.

B. At the Oxford University.

C. At the Cambridge University.

D. At the University of Birmingham.

15. How many words are there in the Bank of English?

A. 120 million.

B. 112 million.

C. 7,000.

D. "20 million.

16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the use of the Bank of English?

A. The way ordinary people use English.

B. The way language is developing.

C. The way people communicate.

D. The way psychologists treat the mentally diseased people.

17. What does Professor John Sinclair say about one of the findings coming out of the studies?

A. "Ex" and "former" are often associated with "lover".

B. "Her lover" is more often used than "his lover".

C. English language is used wittily and lively.

D. Ordinary people use English language more frequently.

Questions 18 -21 are based on the following dialogue.

18. What is probably the man's position?

A. Dean of Students.

B. Lecturer in Speech Communication.

C. Professor of Business Administration.

D. Chairman of the Journalism Department.

19, What does she have to take before she begins, practical training?

A. English sociology.

B. Journalism 121.

C. Freshman French.

D. Journalism 112.

20. How many courses did she take last semester?

A. 3.

B. 4.

C. 5.

D. 6.

21. What year is the woman going to be in?

A. The junior year.

B. The freshman year.

C. The senior year.

D. The sophomore year.

Questions 22 - 25 are based on the following TV interview program.

22. Why did the woman eat the berries even though she was not sure whether they were poi-sonous?

A. Because she was so hungry.

B. Because the barriers were delicious.

C. Because she had lost the faith to live.

D. Because the berries were beautiful.

23. Why is finding a river important for people lost in the forest?

A. Because it can supply water to people.

B. Because it can lead people out of the forest.

C. Because people can take a bath in it.

D. Both A and B.

24. Was the woman far away from a river? Did she find it?

A. Yes, she was miles away from a river but she found it at last.

B. No, she was near a fiver and she found it without efforts.

C. Yes, she was far away from a river and she didn't find it.

D. No, she was near a river but she didn' t notice it.

25. What saved her life at last?

A. A local hunter.

B. A dog.

C. A bear.

D. A monkey.

Now you have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to your ANSWER SHEET. That is the end of Listening Comprehension.

SECTION 11 Use of English

( 15 minutes)

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or D on your ANSWER SHEET.

It is an unfortunate fact of today's life that most people are growing up unable to see the stars.

The prime night sky exists only 26pictures. This is true not only in cities and suburbs, but al-so in 27areas. We have lost our view of the stars and 28our nighttime environment as well.

Such a loss29be acceptable if light pollution were the inevitable price of progress, 30it is not. Most sky glow is 31 . It comes mainly from lighting sources that do little to increase32 safety, security or utility. They produce only glare,33over one billion dollars annually in the U.S. alone.

34science, the impact has been even more dramatic. Scientists require observations of extremely faint objects that can only be 35 with advanced devices at sites 36of air pollu-tion and urban sky glow. For example, some images of the objects can 37information about faraway comers of the universe, helping us understand the way in 38our world was actually formed.39 , the light from these objects can be lost at the very end of its 40 in the glare of our own sky.

Reducing light pollution is not difficult. It 41that public officials and citizens be 42of the problem and act to counter it. As 43people can help reduce sky glow just by 44 lighting only when necessary.

The stars above us are a 45heritage. We must do our best to preserve it.

26. A. on

B. from

C. in

D. at "

27. A. local

B. rural

C. industrial

D. scenic

28. A. mined

B. reduced

C. dirtied

D. wasted

29. A. should

B. may

C. might

D. will

30. A. but"

B. as

C. because

D. though

31. A. inadequate

B. invisible

C. unpredictable

D. unnecessary

32. A. nighttime

B. lifetime

C. peacetime

33. A. costing

B. making

C. putting

D. raising

34. A. At

B. From

C. For

D. Over

35. A. accepted

B. made

C. pushed

D. sent

36. A. worthy

B. typical

C. critical

D. free

37. A. collect

B. offer

C. share

D. save

38. A. that

B. what

C. when

D. which

39. A. Besides

B. Instead

C. Therefore

D. Yet

40. A. march

B. visit

C.journey

D. flight

41. A. indicates

B. proves

C. requires

D. shows

42. A. ashamed

B. aware

C. independent

D. tired

43. A. individuals

B. natives

C. residents

44. A. fixing

B. providing

C. taking

D. using

45. A. cosfless

B. priceless

C. valueless

D. worthless

SECTION III Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Part A

Dilrections:

Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.

Text 1

Sometime in the middle of the 15th century, a well-to-do merchant from London buried more than 6,700 gold and silver coins on a sloping, hillside in Surrey. He was fleeing the War of the Ro-ses and planned to return during better times. But he never did. The coins lay undisturbed until one September evening in 1990, when local resident Roger Mintey chanced upon them with a metal de-tector, a device used to determine the presence of metals. Mintey's find much of.which now sits in the British Museum-earned him roughly $350,000, enough to quit his job with a small manu- facturer and spend more time pursuing lost treasure.

But digging up the past is controversial in Britain. In many European countries, metal detecto- fists, or people using metal detectors, face tough regulations. In the U. K., however, officials in- troduced a scheme in 1997 encouraging hobbyists to report their discoveries (except for those fall- ing under the definition of treasure, like Mintey's find, which they are required to report)--but al- lowing them to keep what they find, or receive a reward. Last year, a hidden store was uncovered

in a field outside Birmingham. It consists of more than 1,500 gold and silver objects from the sev- enth century and was valued at more than $4.5 million. While local museums hurry to raise enough money to keep the find off the open market, it sits in limbo, owned by the Crown but fa- cing claims by the landowner and the metal detectorist who found it.

The find marks the latest battleground in the increasingly heated conflict between the country's 10,000-20,000 metal detectorists and the museum workers determined to protect its precious old objects. Supporters say the scheme stems the loss of valuable information about precious old ob-jects, while opponents argue that metal detectorists don't report everything.

The debate centers on the larger question of who owns the past. "There's been a slow move over the centuries that precious old things belong to us all," says Professor Christopher Chippindale of Cambridge University. But in Britain at least,

the temptation of buried treasure could change all that.

46. According to the first paragraph, the coins in Surrey were

A. worth roughly $350,000

B. possessed by a local resident

C. unearthed about 500 years ago

D. left by a merchant during a war

47. What do we know about Roger Mintey?

A. He produces metal detectors.

B. He owns a manufacturing firm.

C. He works for the British Museum.

D. He seeks buried treasure as a hobby.

48. In the U. K., metal detectorists

A. are rewarded for whatever they find

B. are forced to obey tough regulations

C. may keep what they have discovered

D. should report whatever they discover

49. As for the find outside Birmingham, it is still unclear

A. how much it is worth

B. how it was discovered

C. who is entitled to it

D. what it is made up of

50. According to Professor Christopher Chippindale, buried treasure

A. is owned by the public

B. is debated in a heated way

C. remains a big temptation

D. turns precious over time

Text 2

Every year for more than a decade I've gone with some good male friends to the music festi- val. Women are not invited, but they do prepare a picnic for our trip. The better the food, the more likely we are to continue our annual tradition and give them peace at least one week out of the year.

When we're not eating, we sit around in circles and talk about manly stuff: women, years of this special journey I have figured out women are different from us, especially when it comes to how we communicate. Women don't need to manufacture reasons to chat, but guys need excuses like outings or organized events.

And I've noticed that when women are in groups there can be several conversations going on at once. When men are in a group, one man talks, and everybody else listens. It's like bluegrass jamming in a way; one musician plays the lead, and the rest try to follow.

I've had more heartfelt conversations with other men at the festival than I've had at any other time in my life, partly because there are no women there, and partly because we're all a little drunk. It was males bonding over whatever parts we still had left. The festival is also the only place I've ever cried in front of other men. As the years have slipped by, some in our group have lost parents and grandparents,

some have divorced, and others have changed careers, not always on purpose. It seems that every year something distressing has happened to at least one member of our crew, and the rest of us are there to listen and offer support.

I hope that this column can offer some comfort to women: if your man heads out on

a bowling or poker night with the guys, be happy. Chances are good he's not fleeing you and the kids, but he's running toward the conversations he can only have with other men, and he'll come home the better for it.

51. It is implied in the first paragraph that

A. the trip is a relief for both men and women________

B. the trip will continue in spite of everything

C. the quality of the picnic needs improvement

D. the women can rarely get peace themselves

52. Men and women differ in the way they talk in that________

A. men like to play the lead in conversations

B. women can strike up a talk for any reason

C. men can be engaged in several talks at once

D. women are good listeners in conversations

53. That the author cried in front of other men reveals________

A. the effect of bluegrass music upon men

B. the effect of alcohol on men's behaviors

C. men's need to release their deep emotions

D. men's need to cultivate intimate friendship

54. What is the idea that the author wants to convey in paragraph 5 ?

A. Life is doomed to be full of distresses.

B. Changes are the constant theme of life.

C. Friendship stays despite changes in life.

D. Life consists of sweating and harvesting.

55. In the last paragraph, the author advises women to________

A. encourage their husbands to improve their life style

B. encourage their husbands to go bowling or play poker

C. give their husbands chances to flee from housework

D. give their husbands chances for male communication

Text 3

Given the choice, younger professionals are most interested in working at tech companies like Apple and government agencies like the State Department, but they are comparatively disinterested in working in the financial industry, according to a survey conducted by Universum, a researchf'trrn.

What attracts college graduates to big tech companies like Apple is mainly the cool factor sur-rounding these companies and their products, as the survey found young professionals were most influenced by the strength of the corporation's brand when picking their most desired companies.

"Companies that have appealing consumer brands generally also succeed in being perceived as attractive employers. People nowadays love to work for companies that produce their favorite prod-ucts and services," said Kortney Kutsop, employer

branding specialist for Univer sum. "Also,market success is an important factor: The company needs to be generally seen as innovative and best-in-class in whatever they do--that's the recipe for success."

By contrast, financial institutions like Citigroup, whose brands have been spoiled in recent years by the collapse of the financial industry, ranked in the lower half of the list of 99 companies desired by young professionals.

Beyond the power of a company's brand, college graduates were also heavily influenced by the perceived financial stability of each company, which may explain why major corporations like Apple would rank at the top, since they are constantly expanding and hiring new employees. On the other hand, government agencies, which fared slightly worse than the tech companies, may have been hurt by perceived weaknesses in recent years, given that the public sector as a whole has been forced to freeze wages and lay off employees.

Universum, which surveyed more than 10,000 young professionals who graduated from col- lege in the last eight years, also found that many of them are looking to switch jobs in the near fu- ture. In fact, half of those surveyed claimed to have applied to other jobs in the past year and a quarter plan to switch jobs within six months, suggesting that the organizations at the top of this list may be flooded with new applications in the coming months.

56. The Universum survey found that college graduates________

A. are sponsored by government agencies

B. refuse to work in the financial industry

C. are given better choices in employment

D. prefer to work at major tech companies

57. According to Kortney Kutsop, young professionals nowadays________

A. are brand-oriented in job hunting

B. are brand-conscious in consumption

C. are eager to be innovative employees

D. are eager to get the recipe for success

58. Citigroup has become less appealing to young job seekers due to________

A. its inadequate service

B. its mined reputation

C. its lack of creativity

D. its heavy workload

59. Compared with those at tech companies, jobs at government agencies in recent years________

A. are better paid

B. are better rated

C. are less secure

D. are less demanding

60. In the survey, a majority of young professionals who graduated from college in the last eight years________

A. are influenced by f'mancial instability

B. are employed by big tech companies

C. have decided to change their careers

D. have found jobs in the public sector

Part B

Directions:

Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talked about the future of reading.

For questions 61-65, match the name of each person (61-65) to one of the statements (A-G)given below. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.

Paul:

I think books will be more affordable. They are pretty expensive. Publishers are so silly be-cause they focus on "We're not going to be selling so many hardcover books at $26. " But you're going to sell infinitely more electronically, so what are you complaining about? I view it as a grea-ter opportunity. My e-reader is great because I travel, and I don't want to carry a billion things with me.

David:

I don't own an e-reader, and I've never read a page on an e-reader. I do everything I can to avoid more screen time. Not to play down the value of a physical book, when it comes to somebody investing in one, it's something you want to keep. You have to give readers a choice, between a ric- her experience with physical books, and a more lifeless experience through an electronic reader.

James:

The new immigrants don't shoot the old inhabitants when they come in. One technology tends to supplement rather than substitute. How you read is not as important as: Will you read? Will you read something that's a book-the sustained train of thought of one person speaking to another?

Search techniques are embedded in e-books that invite people to dip into something rather than follow a full train of thought.

Alex:

We've maintained in the last few years there will be fewer bookstores. We have the best busi-ness model in the world. Books are still a majority of what we sell in stores, but they are becoming less and less. About 50 percent of physical books are sold in non-bookstore outlets, like drugstores and club stores. There are people with agendas in this industry, but the physical book is going no- where. William:

E-readers take out the paper middleman and give me what I want from books: the words. My e-reader has allowed me to read more than ever. When I travel I can take five books with me all without cutting down a single tree or using any extra jet fuel. Books made of paper can be beautiful, but they are never as beautiful as the words in the best of them.

Now match the name of each person (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.

Statements

61. Paul

62. David

63. James

64. Alex

65. William

A. I prefer physical books to e-books.

B. E-books are environmentally friendly.

C. The market for physical books is shrinking.

D. What counts is not how but how well you read.

E. E-reading will benefit, rather than harm, publishers.

F. The price of hardcover books will be greatly lowered.

F. Non-bookstore outlets add to the growth of physical books.

SECTION IV Writing

(40 minutes)

Directions:

You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on your ANSWER SHEET.

Part A

66. You are the organizer of an English speech contest, and you want to invite a foreign teacher in your school to be a judge. Write an email to him,

1) telling him about the contest(time, location, topic, etc. );

2) expressing your hope for his participation and his reply to your message. You should write approximately 100 words. Do not use your own name at the end of your email. Use "Wang Lin" instead.

Part B

67. Below is a picture showing a young woman who works at home. Write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points:

1) the possible reasons why some people choose to work at home;

2) the strengths and weaknesses of working at home.

参考答案及精析

第一部分听力理解

1-5 CDDBC

6-10 CDBBA

11-15 CBDDA

16-20 DCDBC

21 -25 DADCD

听力部分录音材料

Part A

1. M: How did you like the new exhibit at the art gallery?

W: I still haven't been able to take any time out from studying.

2. M: Has Professor Arnold from Sydney University arrived?

W: I'll have to check. Then I'll get back to you straight away.

3. W: .

M: Hello. James Clock speaking. May I have a word with Mary?

W: I'll just see if she's in.

M: Right you are.

W: I'm afraid she's not here.

4. W: You look exhausted this morning, Steve.

M: I am pretty tired. I stayed up nearly all night getting ready for a mid- term exam this morning.

W: Have you gotten the results of the test yet?

M: Yes, and unfortunately, my grade could have been much better.

5. M: I think it's starting to snow.

W: Starting to snow? The ground's already covered.

6. M: Good morning. Mary, bow's it going?

W: Pretty good, Bill. How about you?

M: Oh. I'm OK. How is that English class you're teaching?

W: It's going really well. I have a great class this year. I've got 30 smdea. M: That's good. I love to teach English. I'm only teaching history now.

7. M: I like science more than maths, but history is my favorite subject.

W: But I think computer programming is the best.

8. W: Were you able to use the book that Dr. Nelson put on reserve for our homework? M: No, I wasn't. It's a mystery to me why the library closed early.

9. W: Are you coming with me to the art show?

M: No, I'm too busy with another project.

M: How long can I keep them?

W: Ten days. Then you will have to return them; otherwise you will be fined for being overdue.

Part B

Questions 11 - 13

W: We've got a new manager in our department.

M: Oh? You hoped to get that job, didn't you?

W: Yes, I did.

M: I'm sorry. That's too bad. Who is it? Who got the job, I mean?

W: Sortaeone called Drexler. Carl Drexler. He's been with the company only two years. I've been here longer. And I know more about the job, too!

M: Hmm. Why do you think they gave it to him and not to you?

W: Because I'm the wrong sex, of course!

M: You mean you didn't get the job because you're a woman?

W: Yes, that probably was it! It isn't fair.

M: What sort of clothes does he wear?

W: A dark suit. White shirt. A tie. Why?

M: Perhaps that had something to do with it.

W: You mean you think I didn't get the job because I come to work in jeans and a sweater?

M: It's possible, isn't it?

W: Do you really think I should wear different clothes?

M: ps you should think about it.

W: Why should I wear a skirt? Or a dress?

M: I'm not saying you should. I'm saying you should think about it.

That's all!

W: Why should I do that? I'm good at my job! That's the only importanttl'fing ! M: Hmm. Perhaps it should be the only important thing. But it isn't. Not

in this company.

Questions 14 -17

M: Have you heard of the Bank of English?

W: No, I haven't. Can you tell me something about it?

M: Well, I'd love to. The largest body of English words gathered togeth-er for linguistic research in one computer reference source is the Bank of English corpus or word bank at the University of Birmingham. The computer database has 120 million words in it. The vocabulary which an ordinary English speaker would draw on in normal conversation is around 7,000 words. The Bank of English has been put together from the everyday use of English found in England in current newspapers such as The Times of London, publications like magazines, radio pro- grammes like those of the BBC and today's books.

W: What's the use of the Bank of English?

M: It is used for research into the way ordinary people use English today, for linguists studying the way language is developing and for psychol- ogists looking at the way people communicate with each other.

W: Could you give me an example so that I can know it better?

M: Well, let's take the word "lover" as an example. One finding was that the words most often associated with "lover" were "ex" and "former", meaning someone who was a past lover. The Bank of English also reveals that in the publications studies the phrase "her lover" occurred more often than "his lover". Professor John Sinclair who is in charge of the Bank of English says one of the findings that comes out of the studies is the wit and liveliness with which ordinary people use the English

language.

W: Thank you very much. I know a lot about it now.

Questions 18 - 21

W: Dr. Steven, I am thinking about changhg my major before the end of the freshman year.

M: What are you studying now?

W: I am taking three general requirements and American history and American literature this semester. Last semester I took four require- ments and freshman French.

M: I believe it's not too late to change your major because you've mainly taken general requirements which all freshmen have to take. Also we have twelve electives so the two lit courses will be included in them, so you can change your major without losing any credits.

W: I am very happy to know I am still able to change my major. I am in- terested in writing newspaper articles, and after finishing my degree I

would like to work for some newspaper ftrrn.

M: Oh, I think you will be a good writer.

W: Dr. Steven, when do students start practical training?

M: They don't begin practical training in reporting until the sophomore

year. Journalism 121 normally is taken in the freshman year as a gen-eral background course.

W: I see. I will take the course next semester. Thank you very much for your help. M: You're welcome. I look forward to seeing you in my department.

Questions22-25

M: Now let' s welcome Mrs. Green to our program!

W: Thank you.

M: So what's the story you want to share with us?

W: Well, it was an experience in a forest and I was lost. First I found some berries.

I did not know what they were, or if they were good to eat or poisonous. However, I was so hungry that I had to eat some- thing. Then while I was eating the berries, I remembered that when you are lost in the forest, you are supposed to look for a river, firstly because you need water to drink, and also because rivers lead out of the forest. So I set out to try to find a river.

M: But you could have been miles away from a river!

W: I was. I walked all day until I couldn't walk any more, but I found nothing. That evening, ! realized that I might never find my way out. I might die in the forest and no one would ever find me.

M: Wow! You must have felt really lonely.

W: I did, but just as I was starting to feel really depressed, I saw a mon- key sitting in a tree. He had come over to see what I was doing and he started chattering at me and leaping from branch to branch. That made me laugh. I decided at that moment that somehow I was going to survive.

第二部分英语知识运用

如今大部分人在生活中很难看到天空中的繁星，这真是一件憾事。星光灿烂的夜空只有在图片里才能见到。不仅城市和郊区是这样，连乡村也是如此。我们不但看不到星星，同样这也污染了夜空的环境。如果光污染是人类进步所不可避免要付出的代价，那么这种损失或许可以被接受，但事实并非如此。大多数人工白昼是不必要的，因为它们并非是用来增加夜晚安全或照明的，它们只是发出耀眼的光。仅在美国一年就在此项上花费十亿多美元。光污染给科学带来的影响更加严重。科学家们需要用精密仪器观察极其细微的物体，这种观测需在没有空气污染和城市灯光的环境下才能进行。例如，一些物体的影像可以提供宇宙遥远角落的信息，帮助我们了解地球实际形成的方式。然而，这些物体发出的光线可能在到达地球时被人工光源所覆盖而消失。减少光污染并不难，需要政府官员和公民们意识到这个问题并面对它。就个人而言，仅在必要时使用照明，就能有助于大幅减少人工白昼现象。

闪耀在我们上空的星星是无价的文明遗产，我们必须尽我们所能去

保护它。

26．C【精析】本题考查介词词义辨析。on“在…之上”；from“来自…”；in“在…里”；at“在(场合)”。根据句意，应是“在图片里”，C选项符合题意，故选C。

27．B【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。local“当地的”；rural“乡村的”；industrial“工业的”；scenic“风景优美的”。前文提到城市、郊区，此处应为乡村，rural符合题意，故选B。

28．C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。ruin“毁坏”；reduce“减少”；dirty“污染”；waste“浪费”。此处为污染夜空，C选项符合题意，故选C。

29．C【精析】本题考查的是情态动词用法。此句中的if是非真实条件句，是一种虚拟和假设，如果光污染是进步所必须付出的代价，那么这种损失或许可以接受，might符合题意，故选C。

30．A【精析】本题考查的是上下文语义的衔接。此句是虚拟，事实并非如此，所以应用转折，故选A。、

31．D【精析】本题考查形容词辨析。inadequate“不恰当的”；invisible“看不见的”；unpredictable“不可预知的”；unnecessary“不必要的”。由上下文可知，此处应表达的是许多人工照明其实是不必要的，unnecessary符合题意，故选D。

32．A【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。由上文说人工白昼是不必要的，下文解释原因，“它们并非是用来增加夜晚安全或照明的，它们只是发出耀眼的光”。nighttime“夜晚”；lifetime“一生”；peace—time“和平时期”；longtime“长时间”。由题意可知A选项正确，故选A。

33．A【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。cost“花费”；make“制作”；put“放置”；raise“提高”。此处是说花费美国十亿美金，故选A。

34．C【精析】本题考查介词词义辨析。at“在(场合)”；from“来自…”；over“超过，在…之上”；for“对…来说”。此处是对于科学来说，for符合题意，故选C。

35．B 【精析】本题考查动词搭配。此处的动词是跟前面的observations搭配的，只有make符合，故选B。

36．D【精析】本题考查固定搭配。四个选项中，只有free可以和后面的of搭配，表示“没有、免除”，故选D。

37．B【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。collect“收集”；offer“提供”；share“分享”；save“保存”。此处意为一些物体的影像可以为研究提供信息，0ffer符合题意，故选B。38．D【精析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。此引导词要修饰先行词way，前面又有in搭配，应为in which表示一种方式，故选D。

39．D【精析】本题考查连词用法。根据上下文意思，此处应为转折，besides“而且”；

instead“而不是”；therefore“因此”；yet“然而”。故选D。

40．C【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。march“行进”；visit“参观”；joumey“旅途”；flight“飞行”。此处意为这些物体的光线可能在到达地球的途中被覆盖，只有journey 有旅途之意，故选C。

41．C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。此处意为要减少光污染需要政府官员和公民去解决。indicate“指出”；prove“证明”；r equire“要求”；show“显示”。故选C。

42．B【精析】本题考查固定搭配。此处意为官员和公民要意识到光污染的问题。be aware of“意识到”，故选B。

43．A【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。前面说政府官员和公民要意识到光污染的问题，此处是说作为个人，应该怎么做。individual“个人”；native“本地人”；resident“居民”；victim“受害者”。故选A。

44．D【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。fix“修理”；provide“提供”；take“带走”；use“使用”。根据句意，此处意为只在必要时使用照明，故选D。

45．B 【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。costless“不花钱的”；value—less“不值钱的”；worthless“无用的”；priceless“无价的”。由下句“我们必须尽我们所能去保护它”可知，此处意为无价的文明遗产，故选B。

第三部分阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

在15世纪中期，一位来自伦敦的富有商人将6700多枚金币和银币埋藏在萨里的一座倾斜的山坡里。他当时在躲避玫瑰战争，打算在战争结束时再返回，但是他却没能回来。这些金银币一直藏在地下，直到1990年九月的一个夜晚，当地的一位居民Roger Mintey偶然间用一种探测金属的仪器发现了它们。Mintey发现的金银币大约价值35万美金(大部分硬币现保存在大不列颠博物馆)，这笔钱足够他辞去小工厂的工作并继续搜寻剩下的宝藏。

但是这种挖掘在当时的英国是备受争议的。在许多欧洲国家，金属探测者或使用金属探测器的人都将面临严厉的法律制裁。然而，l997年

英国官方颁布了一项新制度，鼓励爱好者们上报他们的发现(除了那些属于宝藏范围内的物品，Mintey的发现就属于此范围，必须上报)，但允许他们拥有发现的物品或上报赢得奖励。去年，在伯明翰郊外发现了一处隐秘的仓库。该仓库中藏有1500多件7世纪的金制品和银制品，价值高达450多万美元。正当当地的博物馆急着筹集资金去购买这些制品以免其流入市场时，它的归属权还在争论，其皇族拥有者遭到了土地拥有者及发现者的指责。

这些被发现的物品激发了英国l至2万金属探测者和博物馆力图保护文物的工作人员之间的白热化的战争。支持者认为此制度阻止了珍贵文物的流失，而反对者认为金属探测者们不会上报所有东西。这场争论的重点在于到底谁应该拥有历史遗产。剑桥大学的Chris—topherChippindale教授说道，“过去几个世纪以来，人们渐渐开始认为这些珍贵的文物属于我们所有人”。但是至少在英国，这些埋葬的宝藏诱惑着很多人，从而改变了一切。

46．D【精析】细节题。关于萨里的硬币，从文章第一段第一、二句“…awell—to—do merchant from London buried more than 6，700．．．He was fleeing the War of the Roses…”可知，这些硬币是被一位商人在战争中留下的，D正确。由第一段最后一句“Mintey’s find--much ofwhich now sits in the British Museum--eamed him roughly$350．000…spend more time pursuing lost treasure．”可知Mintey发现的金银币大约值三十五万美元，但他并没有发现全部的，题干问的是埋在底下的全部金币的信息，所以A不正确；第一段没

有提及归属权的问题，故8错误；由第一段开头可知，金币是在15世纪中期(大约l650年左右)埋藏的，l990年发现，中间大约340年左右，故C不正确。综上所述，故选D。47．D【精析】推断题。由文章第一段可知，Mintey只是使用金属探测器发现了金币，并不是他发明了金属探测器，故A不正确。由第一段最后一句可知，Mintey是在一家工厂工作，并不是拥有一家工厂，故B、C不正确。从文章第一段最后两句可知，Roger Mintey是偶然间用金属探测器发现的并且他在一家小工厂工作，第二段第三句也提到政府鼓励爱好者上报他们的发现，并举了Mintey的例子，由此可推断Mintey只是将此作为爱好，故选D。48．C【精析】细节题。根据第二段第三句“In the U．K．，however，offi—cials introduced a scheme in l997 encouraging hobbyists to repoa their discoveries(…)一but allowing them to keep what they find．Or receive a reward．”可知，在英国，政府出台政策鼓励人们上报发现的物品，但是允许他们拥有，故选c。

49．C【精析】推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“While local muse umshurry to raise enough money to keep the find off the open market，it sits in limb0，owned by the Crown but facing claims by the landowner and the metal detectorist who find it．”可知，关于该宝藏的归属权还在争论中，故选C。

50．A【精析】细节题。从文章最后一段第二句“1here’S been a slow more over the centuries that precious old things belong to US all．”可知，这位教授认为这些宝藏或文物是属于大家共有的，故选A。

Text 2

近十几年来，每年我都会和一些男性好友去参加音乐节。我们没有带上妻子，但是她们会为我们的旅途准备野餐食物。食物越丰盛，我们就越有可能继续我们每年的传统，留给她们一年当中至少一星期的放松时间。

当我们吃完饭时，我们会围坐一圈谈论男性话题，大部分是关于女性。在许多年的特殊旅行后，我意识到女性和我们是不同的，特别是关于交流方式。女性们不用找理由去聊天，而男人却需要如外出或组织活动等理由来进行交流。

我注意到当有一群女性时，会立刻产生许多话题。但在一群男性中，当一位男性在说话时，其他男性都在倾听。就像即兴演出蓝草音乐，一人主奏，其他人合奏。

与其他时候相比，大多是在音乐节的时候我跟好友有过推心置腹的交谈，一部分是因为没有女性在场，还有一部分是因为我们都有点喝醉了。这是一种我们所具有的超越任何事物的兄弟情谊。我也只在音乐节时在其他男性朋友面前大哭过。时光荏苒，我们这群兄弟中，有人失去了父母，有人失去了祖父母，有人离婚，也有人换了职业，当然，这些都并非刻意。似乎每年我们中至少有一人会发生这样令人悲痛的事情，这时其他人就会倾听并给予他支持。我希望这个栏目会给女性带来一些安慰。如果你的丈夫晚上和朋友出去打保龄球或玩扑克，你应该要感到高兴。他很有可能不是在逃避你和孩子，而是跟他的朋友聊一些只能和他们谈的话题，他之后就会回家，这样反而更好。

51．A【精析】推断题。文章第一段介绍了作者每年一次和男性友人的音乐之旅，跟他们一起放松，同样留给妻子们一年当中至少一星期的放松时间。由此可推断，这个旅行对男性和女性来说都是放松时间。故选A。

52．B【精析】细节题。由文章第二段最后一句“Women don’t need to manufacture reasons to chat，but guys need excuses like outings or organized events．”可知，女人们不用找理由去聊天，而男人却需要如外出或组织活动等理由。故选B。

53．C【精析】推断题。由文章可知，这个音乐节只有男士参加，他们都是亲密的朋友，作者只有在这才哭过，可以推断出，男士们也需要释放他们的情感。故选C。

54．C【精析】推断题。从文章第五段可知，尽管男性朋友的生活中总会出现这样那样的事故，但是大家都会倾听并支持他，由此可推断，不管生活怎么改变，友谊会一直不变。故选C。

55．D【精析】推断题。文章最后一段，作者建议如果你的丈夫出去打保龄球或者打牌，你应该要感到高兴，因为他在跟男性之间进行交流，从朋友那获得支持和帮助。由此可知，作者建议妻子应给丈夫们机会去讲行男性之间的交流．故诜D．

Text 3

根据Universum调查公司的一项调查，如果有机会，与金融机构相比，大学毕业生更愿意去苹果之类的技术公司或国务院这样的政府机构就职。

苹果这样的大型技术公司吸引大学毕业生的主要原因是这些公司和产品所具有的品牌影响力。调查发现，当毕业生挑选其理想公司时，特别看重企业的品牌影响力。

Universum公司研究雇主品牌的专家Kortney Kutsop说，“对消费者有吸引力的品牌公司同样会成功吸引求职者。如今，人们愿意在生产自己喜欢的产品和服务的公司就业。市场成功是另一个重要的因素：公司需要公众的认可，他们具有创新意识并在同行业内领先，这就是成功的秘诀。”

相比之下，像花旗集团这样的金融机构随着近几年金融市场的坍塌，企业的品牌也遭到重创。在调查列举的99个公司中，金融机构在年轻求职者希望就业的排名上靠后。

除了公司品牌的影响力，大学毕业生还非常看重公司的预期金融稳定性。这也解释了为什么像苹果这样的大公司会排名前列，因为它们在不断发展并招纳新员工。然而，政府机构跟这些技术公司相比要逊色，鉴于公共部门作为一个整体却被迫冻结工资并辞退员工，所以政府机构可能会受近几年不景气环境的影响。

Universum在对过去8年1万多名毕业生的调查中还发现他们当中许多人考虑换工作。事实上，接受调查者中有一半人都在前一年曾申请过别的工作，并且有四分之一的人计划在半年内换工作。这些表明了在这份公司名单中排名前列的公司将在近几个月内被求职者的信件所淹没。

56．D【精析】细节题。从文章的第一段“Given the choice，younger pro-fessionals ale most interested in working at tech companies like Apple and government agencies like the State Department，but they ale comparatively disinterested in working in the financial industry， according to a survey conducted by Universum。a research firm．”可知，与金融机构相比，大学毕业生更愿意去像苹果那样的科技公司工作。故选D。

57．A【精析】细节题。从文章的第三段第一、二句“Companies that have appealing consumer brand generally also succeed in being perceived as attractive employers．people nowadays love to work for companies that produce their favorite products and services．”可知，对消费者有吸引力的品牌公司同样会成功吸引求职者。如今，人们愿意在生产自己喜欢的产品和服务的公司就业。由此可推断，年轻的求职者在择业时更看重公司的品牌影响力。故选A。

58．B【精析】细节题。从文章的第四段“By contraSt，financial institu— tions like Citigroup，whose brands have been spoiled in recent years by the collapse of the financial industry，ranked in the lower half of．．．”可知，像花旗集团这样的金融机构随着近几年金融市场的坍塌，企业的品牌也遭到重创，所以对求职者吸引力变少，故选B。

59．C【精析】推断题。从文章的第五段最后一句“0n the other hand，government agencies，which fared slightly worse than the tech compa-nies，may have been hurt by perceived

weaknesses in recent years，given that the public sector as a whole haS been forced to freeze wages and lay off employees．”可知，政府机构近年来冻结工资、辞退员工，所以工作没有保障。故选C。

60．C【精析】细节题。从文章的最后一段第一句“Universum，…also found that many of them are looking to switch jobs in the near fum ture．”可知，大部分年轻的求职者希望换工作。故选C。

Part B

下面这段文字是关于5个人对于未来阅读方式的不同观点。

保罗：

我认为书的价格太贵了，应该更便宜。出版商愚蠢地将重点放在“我们不会以26美元的价格出售精装书”，但是他们出售更多的电子书，所以有什么好抱怨的呢?我认为这是一个很好的机会。我的电子阅览器很棒，因为我旅游时不想带很多东西。

大卫：

我没有电子阅览器，也从没在电子阅览器上看过书，我尽量避免使用电子屏幕。不是要贬低纸质书的价值，当一个人购买一本纸质书的时候，他是想要收藏。阅读一本丰富多彩的纸质书还是阅读毫无生气的电子书，应该要让读者自己选择。

詹姆士：

就像新来的移民者不会射杀当地居民一样，新科技的发明是一种补充而不是替代。你读书的方式远没有以下几点重要：你会读书吗?你读的书是作者思想对读者进行的一种倾诉吗?电子书所具备的搜索技术能使人们更深入地去阅读而不是盲目跟随某一种思想。

艾利克斯：

在过去几年里，我们一直认为书店会越来越少。我们有世界上最好的销售模式。书籍仍是商店出售的主要产品，但是他们的销量越来越少。大约50％的纸质书都是在非书店(如药店、俱乐部)的打折活动中卖出的。这个产业中人们有自己的El程安排，但是纸质书却无路可走了。

威廉：

电子阅览器没有了中间商，给我的是我想从书里看到的文字。我的电子阅读器能让我读到更多的内容。当我旅行的时候我可以带5本书，不会多砍一棵树也不会增加飞机燃油消耗。纸质书是很美丽，但是不会比书里面的文字更美丽。

61．E【精析】主旨题。保罗认为出版商出售电子书是一个很好的机会，会给他们带来利润，与E项“电子阅读会给出版商带来更多的好处而不是坏处”相符，故选E。

62．A【精析】主旨题。大卫认为人们应该自己选择想要看书的方式，他更倾向于纸质书，与A项表示相同的意思，故选A。

63．D【精析】主旨题。詹姆士认为电子书的作用是补充读书方式，而不是替代纸质书，重要的不是如何读书，而是读得怎么样，与D项“重要的不是如何读书，而是读得怎么样”意思相符，故选D。

64．C【精析】主旨题。艾利克斯认为纸质书虽然是商店出售的主要产品，但是销量在逐年下降，这与C项的“纸质书的市场在萎缩”意思相同，故选C。

65．B【精析】主旨题。威廉认为电子书不会消耗资源并且不会增加飞机燃油消耗，这与8项“电子书非常环保”意思相同，故选B。

第四部分写作

Part A

66．【高分范文】

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