中译英冲刺辅导

全国翻译资格考试

二、三级中译英冲刺

一、中译英需要特别注意的15个问题

1.准确理解中文原文是正确翻译的前提。

没有理解就没有翻译。

请大家翻译如下词组：

经济社会发展；

生态建设：

文化建设：

科学发展观：

全面建设小康社会：

粮食安全：

食品安全：

人民群众日益增长的精神文化需求：

2.二、三级中译英经常考的内容

中国政府对内对外的大政方针，涉及的领域主要包括经济、政治、文化、外交、节能减排、环境保护等。今后也可能考到法律、科技、体育等内容。要特别注意，一般来讲，中译英是将中国的事儿翻译给外国人看，而不是把外国的事儿翻译给外国人看。比如，翻译北京大学发展史比翻译哈佛学大学发展史的可能性要大得多，翻译胡锦涛讲话比翻译奥巴马讲话的可能性要大得多。

3.二、三级中译英常见文体

实用文体。包括说明文、论说文、记叙文等，如领导人讲话、工作报告、新闻报道、报刊社论等。今后也可能出现散文等。但不大可能出现诗歌。

4.英语与汉语的思维方式不同、结构不同、句子安排不同。汉语译成英语以后，英文句子的结构和顺序可以

（必要时应当）与汉语不同。但是，在没有必要的情况下，不要刻意追求或制造这种不同。

5.翻译时注意不要遗漏一些副词，如“努力地”、“坚定不移地”、“积极地”、“英勇地”，等等。

6.注意“大数字”的翻译必须要规范。如“3250万”不要写成“3250000”、“785.5亿”不要写成“78500000000”。

7.尽量不要使用英语中的冷僻词、古词，也不要使用方言、俚语。

8.要特别注意英文标点符号与汉语标点符号有很大的不同。尤其不要像汉语那样，在英语中将逗号当连词用。

另外，不要误将汉语的句号当英语的句号。

9.注意英语中的时态。

10.汉语无主语的句子一般译成英语的被动句，或者根据上下文加上适当的主语。

11.不要漏译。

12.注意不要误将英语介词“to”当作不定语符号“to”。如：pay attention to, attach importance to, with respect to,

look forward to, give consideration to, give priority to, 等等。

13.英文要尽量简练，能用一个动词的表达的动作，不要用词组。如“对…实施抓捕”译为“抓捕…”；“对…

进行讨论”译为“讨论…”。

14.合理安排时间，确保在规定的时间内完成翻译。

15.字迹要清晰、可辨认。

二、常用英语句子结构的使用

1.比较级和最高级

①双方比较表示一方超过另一方时用“比较级than”的结构表示。例如: This pen is better than that one. He is

more clever than his sister.但注意这种表达法:She is the older of the two sisters.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时可在比较级前加表示程度的状语如even/a lot/a bit/a little/still/much/

far/by far 等修饰。例如:He works even harder than before. Things are far worse than expected. She feels much better than yesterday.她比昨天好多了。Please come a little earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来。注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时一般放在比较级的后面，如放在前面应在中间加“the”。例如:He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化即表达“越……就越……”意义时用the比较级主语谓语the比较级主语谓

语”的结构。例如:The harder he worked，the more progress he made. The more you listen to English，the easier it becomes.

⑤不与其它事物相比，仅表示本身程度的改变，即表达“越来越……”意义时用“比较级and比较级”的结构。

例如:The weather is getting colder and colder. The city is becoming more and more beautiful.

⑥“no比较级”与“not比较级”结构含义不同。“no比较级”表示两个事物都含有与该形容词相反的属性“not比

较级”表示两个事物都具有该形容词的属性只是在程度上前者不如后者。试比较:Tom is no taller than Jack.

Tom is as short as Jack. Tom is not taller than Jack. Tom is not so tall as Jack.

⑦某些以or 结尾的形容词进行比较时用to 代替than。这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior

等。例如:He is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics.

⑧在比较从句中为了避免重复我们通常用that，those，one，ones代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可

指人也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如: The book on the table is more interesting than that (the one) on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.

⑨最高级的用法: 三者或三者以上相比表示最高程度时用“the最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比

较范围的介词短语。例如: Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works the hardest in his class. This is the bravest nation in the world. 最高级可被序数词以及by far等词语所修饰。He is by far the richest in China. He is the second tallest in the class. 表示“最高程度”的形容词如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite 等没有最高级也不能用比较级。作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如:Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. 2.部分否定与完全否定

英语中的部分否定以及相应的完全否定：

①all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）表示"并非都……"、"不是所有的……都……"例如：

Not all men can be successful. (= All men cannot be successful.) 并非人人都能成功。相应的完全否定：No one can be successful.

Not all animals eat meat. (=All animals do not eat meat.)并非所有动物都吃肉。相应的完全否定：No animal eats meat.

②both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) "并非两个……都……" 例如：

I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要（言外之意：我只要其中一本）。相应的完全否定：I want neither of the two books.

Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着（言外之意：只有一个窗子是开着的）。相应的完全否定：Neither of the windows is open.

③every…的否定式："不是每……都……" 例如：

Not every book is educative. (=Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义。相应的完全否定：No book is educative.

Not everyone likes this book. (=Everyone does not like this book.)并非人人都喜欢这本书。相应的完全否定：Nobody likes this book

This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。相应的完全否定：This flow is seen nowhere.

④always的否定式："并非总是（并非一直）……" 例如：

He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。相应的完全否定：He is never so bad.

⑤entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式："不完全……"，"并非完全……" 例如：

The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任这个商人。

He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。

I don't agree completely. 我并不完全同意。

What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。

⑥all the time 的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如：

A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。

⑦not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。例如：

He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。

This film is not interesting and instructive. 这部电影有趣但无教育意义。

She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。

如果将and 换成or，则not 对其前后两部分就全盘否定了。

He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。

如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和all the time 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的完全否定词，如no, none, n either, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如：All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.

Both are good.---Neither is good.

Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.

He is always late. --- He is never late.

We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.

He was here all the time. --- He was never here.

3.定语从句

①限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

第一种情况：当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 用that和which均可), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等形容词修饰时。Have you taken down (written down) everything (that) Mr. Li said?

There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

All that can be done has been done.

There is little (that) I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

第二种情况：当先行词被序数词修饰时。

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

第三种情况：当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

第四种情况：当形容词被the very, the only，the same, the last, any, little等修饰时。

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.

After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.

注意当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.

第五种情况：当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。

Who is the man that is standing there?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me best?

第六种情况：当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。

Can you remember the driver, his car and his dog that we saw in the park the other day?

第七种情况：当关系代词在定语从句中做表语时。

The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.

第八种情况：在there be句型中句子的主语是先行词，而且是物，通常情况下用that，不用which。

There are two novels that I want to read.

There is no work that can be done now.

②关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

第一种情况：As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

He married her, as/which was natural.

He was honest, as/which we can see.

第二种情况：as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思。

As is known to all, China is a developing country. / China is a developing country, which is known to all. / China is a developing country, as is known to all.

He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

John, as you know, is a famous writer.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，用which, 不用as。

Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

第三种情况：当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as

I have never heard such a story as he tells.

He is not such a fool as he looks.

This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

注意：定语从句such…as …与结果状语从句such… that…的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中做主语、宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分

He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. 他拥有一台我想买的笔记本电脑。

He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one. 他的笔记本电脑是如此之好，以至于我都想买一台。

③以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising.

I don’t like the way (in which/that) he speaks.

④but有时也可以做关系代词引导定语从句。这时but=that not或who not

There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who don’t ) 几乎没有人不理解他的想法。

There is no mother but loves her children．没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

There was no one present but knew the story．在场的人都知道这个故事。

⑤[介词+关系代词]引导的定语从句

注意：

第一，介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

第二，that前不能有介词。

第三，某些充当时间、地点、原因的“介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where、why互换。例如：This is the house in which (不能用in that)I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which (不能用on that) you joined our club？还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club？

This is not the reason for which he didn’t come to my birthday party.

This is not the reason why he didn’t come to my birthday party.

4.倍数表达

①用times表示倍数增加（一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数, 一般twice）。

第1种句型：.... times＋形容词（副词）比较级＋than...

This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大4倍。（是我们教室的5倍大）

The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车的速度比那辆卡车快1倍。（是那辆卡车的2倍快）

第2种句型：.... times＋as＋形容词原级（或much）或副词原级＋as...

The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。

Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。

Ten is twice as much as five. 十是五的两倍。

The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. 那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。（高出九倍）

第3种句型：.... times＋the＋（size, height, weight, length, width等）＋of

Your playground is 900 meters wide, three times the size of ours. 你们操场有900米宽, 是我们的三倍。

This street is four times the length of that one. 这条大街是那条街的四倍长。

This big tree is four times the height of that small one. 这棵大树的高度是那棵小树的四倍。（比那棵小树高三倍）

也可译成: The height of the big tree is four times that of the small one.

第4种句型：.... times＋more＋名词（可数, 不可数）＋than...

There are four times more books in our library than in yours. 我们图书馆藏书（数量）是你们图书馆的四倍。（多三倍）

We have produced twice more grain this year than we did last year. 我们今年生产的粮食比去年增长一倍。（是去年的两倍）

第5种句型：.... times ＋as many（或much）＋名词＋其它……

There is three times as much water in this pot as in that one. 这个壶里的水（量）是那个壶里的三倍。

There are five times as many students as we expected. 到的人是我们预计的五倍。

第6种句型：.... times＋that of＋被比对象“是……倍”。如:

In this workshop, the output of July was 3. 5 times that of January. 这个车间七月份的产量是元月份的三点五倍。

②用double表示倍数增加了1倍，treble表示增加了2倍，quadruple表示增加了3倍。

The output has been doubled in the past five years. 过去五年中产量翻了一番(增加了1倍)。China’s GDP was quadrupled in the two decades between 1980 and 2000.翻了两番(增加了3倍)。

③用by a factor o f…表示增加至…倍

The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of 4.漏电压增加了3倍(增加到原来的4倍)。

④用fold表示倍数增加

Output of coal increased four-fold (four times). 煤产量增加了三倍。

注意：increase n times=increase n-fold=increase by n times=increase to n times=increase by a factor of n,都表示“增加至原来的n倍”或“增加了n-1倍”

⑤用again表示倍数增加

Line A is as long again as line B. A线比B线长1倍(A线的长度是B线的2倍)。

This machine turns half as fast again as that one. 这台机器转得比那台快半倍。

⑤如何表示倍数减少

The size of computers has been reduced (by)ten times in the past 30 years.在过去的30年中，计算机的尺寸减小了9/10(减少到原来的1/10)。

The principle advantage of the new machine over the old one is a four-fold reduction in weight. 与旧机器相比，新机器的主要优点是重量减少了四分之三(只有旧机器1/4重)。

5.表示上升、下降、增加、减少等意思的句子

①表示增加/减少、上升/下降、提高/降低…%

句型1：表示增减意义的动词＋%

The output value has increased/decreased 35%.

句型2：表示增减意义的动词＋by+%

Retail sales should rise/fall by 8%.

The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本降低了60%.

注意：上升或降低了…%，即可以用by，也可以不用by。

句型3：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%

By adopting this new process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，金属的损失量减少到20%.

句型4：%＋比较级＋than

Retail sales are expected to be 9% higher than last year.与去年相比，今年零售额有望增加9%。

句型5：%＋more/less＋名词

The new-type machine wasted 10% less energy.这种新型机器的能耗降低了10%。

句型6：a(an)+%+increase(decrease)

There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20%。

句型7：%+(of)名词(代词)

The production cost is about 60% (of) that of last year.(今年的)生产成本仅为去年的60%。

句型8：%+up on (或者over)

The grain output of last year in this province was 20% up on/over that of 1978.该省去年的粮食产量比1978年净增20%。

②表示增加至…，减少至…

句型：increase (rise) to…; decrease (reduce, fall) to…

Through a proper diet, his weight has reduced (from 85) to 75 kilos.

6.虚拟语气

①与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：

If you took a taxi，you'd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)

If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) ②与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如：

If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)

③与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：

If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)

注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：

第一，这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；

第二，此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；

第三，当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (w ould, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：

If I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就别等我了。

④虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

第一种情况：在以it为形式主语的复合句中，虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等，谓语动词用should+动词原型，其中should 可以省略。如：

It is natural that she (should) do so.

她这么做是很自然的事。

It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

我们有必要告诉她这个消息。

It is important that we (should) make full use of our mineral resources.

对我们来说，充分利用我国的矿产资源是重要的。

第二种情况：主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态，常用在It is (was) desired (suggested，settled，proposed，recommended，requested，decided，etc.) that...句型中。

It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.

希望一切在今晚准备好。

It was arranged that Mr. Sam should go and help Bettie.

他们作了安排，由萨姆先生去帮助贝蒂。

It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.

有人建议在下次会上讨论这个问题。

It is vital that he should be warned before it is too late.

在还不太晚的时候警告他是非常必要的。

It has been decided that the sports meet should be postponed till next Friday.

已决定运动会延期到下星期五。

It was requested that a vote (should) be taken.

有人要求进行表决。

⑤虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

wish的宾语从句：

I wish prices would come down.

我真希望物价会下降。

我希望你不要再问这种愚蠢的问题。

I wish I knew his address.

可惜我不知道他的地址。

I wish we could go with him.

我们要是能跟他一起去该多好。

I wish I had known it before.

我真希望我预先知道这件事。

He wishes he hadn’t been rude to his parents.

他真希望他没有对父母无礼。

She wished that she had stayed at home.

她想那时要是留在家里就好了。

I wish I could have been there yesterday.

要是我昨天到过那里该多好。

would rather等的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式：

用would rather(=would sooner)和would just as soon(=would sooner)等表示愿望，但其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。如：

I would rather you came tomorrow than today.

我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天。

I could do it myself but I would sooner you did it.

我自己也可以做，但我宁愿你去做。

I would rather you had told me the truth.

我倒想你本该把事实真相告诉我。

suggest等的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式

用should＋动词原形或只用动词原形的that 从句，作为demand, order, propose, request, require, suggest, arrange, insist, command, desire, advocate, maintain, urge, recommend等词的宾语。如：

The expert proposed that he eat more fruit.

专家提议他更多地吃水果。

The board recommended that the company (should) invest in the new property.

董事会建议公司投资新的房地产。

Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton ordered that James Van Metre should be released.

陆军部长埃德温·Ｍ·斯坦顿命令将詹姆斯·范·米特释放。

He asked that arrangements be made to help them finish the work.

他要求做好安排，帮他们完成工作。

Experiments demand that accurate measurements be made.

实验要求做到准确的计量。

她坚持要求我们在会上谈这个问题。

⑥虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法

虚拟语气也可用在表语从句中。这种从句由that所引导，其谓语是should ＋动词原形。句子主句中的主语常常是advice，aim，desire，idea，insistence，motion，necessity，order，plan，proposal，recommendation，regulation，requirement，suggestion，wish等。如：

His suggestion was that everyone should have a map.

他的建议是每人发一张地图。

My idea is that the electronic device should be tested at once.

我的意见是这一电子器件要立即试验。

⑦虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法

当与同位语从句同位的是suggestion等表示建议、计划、命令等的名词时，从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形，美国英语中常用动词原形。

They made the request that the problem should be discussed as soon as possible.

他们要求尽快讨论这个问题。

He gave orders that the work should be started at once.

他命令工作马上开始。

The proposal that he (should) be dismissed was supported at the meeting.

大会对开除他的提议表示了支持。

7.强调句

①陈述句的强调句型

It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人时）+ 其他部分。It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.

②一般疑问句的强调句型

同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。

Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

③特殊疑问句的强调句型

被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？

When and where was it that you were born?

④not …until …句型的强调句

A. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其他部分

强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

B. 注意：

此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

⑤谓语动词的强调

A. It is/ was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did

Do sit down. 务必请坐。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

He did wash his clothes this morning.

B. 注意：

此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。

⑥用on earth, in the world 等副词短语强调

What are your doing? →What in the world/on earth are you doing?

7.倒装句

①only +状语或状语从句置于句首，句子用部分倒装。

例子：

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。

Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.

只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

②hardly, in no way, little, scarcely, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首，句子用部分倒装。

例子：

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

我刚到家就下起了雨。

Seldom do I go to work by bus.

我很少乘公共汽车上班。

Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night.

她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。

③so/such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。例子：

So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.

他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。

To such a length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.

她的彩排进行得那么长，以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分，其语气较自然语序强烈，因而具有极佳的修辞效果。

④某些副词开头的句子构成的完全倒装here、there、now、then、thus等副词开头的句子可构成完全倒装。条件是谓语动词是不及物动词，如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。需要注意的是，当主语是代词时，不能构成倒装。

例子：

Here comes our headmaster。我们的校长来了。

Here it is. 在这里。

Here is your key.这是你的钥匙。

⑤倒装可把前一句说到的人或物，或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来，从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚，衔接更加紧密，起到承上启下的作用。

例子：

They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake.

他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室，发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。

We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.

我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋，而且还会继续是穷光蛋。

⑥倒装句用于平衡结构

英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则，即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子，我们常采用倒装语序。

第一种情况：以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常将状语置于句首，句子用完全倒装语序。

第1个例子：

A：To the coal mine came a company of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

B：A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿，奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。

第2个例子：

A：On the ground lay some air conditioners, which were to be shipped to some other cities.

B: Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which were to be shipped to some other cities.

地上放着一些空调，等着用船运到其他城市去。

第二种情况：以表语开头的句子，有时为了把较长的主语放在后面，须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。

例子：

Such would be our home in the future.

我们家就将是这个样子。

第三种情况：以副词here, there开头的句子，也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。

Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.

你盼望已久的信在这儿。

⑦倒装使描写更加生动

有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象，增加语言效果，可将表示方向的副词(如：down, up, out, in, off, on, away 等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首，句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。

例子：

Up went the rocket into the air.

嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。

Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.

当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时，嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。

Boom went the cannon!

轰隆一声大炮开火了!

Bang came another shot!

砰！又是一声枪响！

三、汉译常见动词的翻译

1.“…化”

现代化modernization；城市化urbanization;本地化localization,等等。但是，不是汉语中的所有“…化”都有对应的英语词。这时就需要针对具体情况做出相应的翻译。如：

①要让我们的干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化。The ranks of carders should be made more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent.

③要按照革命化现代化正规化相统一的原则，加强军队全面建设。We need to strength all aspects of the

army in accordance with the principle of making it more revolutionary, modern and standardized.

所以，可以看出，在很多情况下，汉语中的“…化”可以翻译成“make…+比较级”。

2. “…率”

效率efficiency; 折射率index of refraction;导电率electric conductivity：导热率thermal conductivity,等等。但是，不是汉语中所有的“率”都有对应的英文词。如：

①北京市家用汽车普及率已经达到25%。Now 25% of families in Beijing own at least a car.

②我们要将全国城乡居民分别纳入城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗制度

覆盖范围，三年内参保率均提高到９０％以上。Urban residents will be covered by basic medical insurance for urban workers or basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents, and rural residents will be covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical care system. We will ensure that these programs cover over 90% of those eligible within three years.

③2011年上海市计划生育率为99%。Ninety-nine percent of new births in Shanghai in the year 2011 meet national

policies on family planning.

由此可见，很多情况下汉语中的“…率”在翻译时可以转化成相应的百分数。

3. “增强/降低…性”

柔性flexibility;弹性elasticity;刚性rigidity, 等等。但是，不是汉语中所有的“…性”都有相对应的英文词。如：

①我们要以更大的决心和勇气推进改革，提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性。We need to be

measures better coordinated.

②要加强产业、贸易、土地、投资、就业政策与财政、货币政策的一致性和协调性，形成调控合力。

We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.

③如今，人们对传统能源的依赖性降低了。Nowadays, people are less dependent on traditional energies.

显然，许多时候“增强/降低…性”可以翻译成“make…+比较级”。

4. “提高…”

可用的动词有raise, increase, elevate, uplift, heighten, improve等。尽量不用短语动词。

①我们三次较大幅度提高了粮食最低收购价，提价幅度超过２０％。We significantly raised minimum grain

purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%.

②我们加强了耕地保护和农田水利建设，提高了农业综合生产能力。We intensified the protection of arable land

and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity.

③在跑道、滑行道的混凝土道面施工中，我公司成功引进了混凝土摊铺机、混凝土振动梁、混凝土道面刻纹

机等先进设备，加快了工期，提高了质量、降低了成本，增加了效益。In the construction of the runway and taxiway, we introduced and successfully used such advanced equipment as concrete spreaders, concrete vibration beams and concrete road surface groove cutters, by which we shortened the construction period, improved the quality, reduced the cost and increased the profit.

5. “加强…”

可用的动词有enhance, reinforce, tighten, intensify, strengthen等等，有时根据原文的真实意思，甚至翻译成improve。尽量不要用短语动词。

①公共文化基础设施建设得到加强，文化产业快速发展，文化体制改革不断深化。Public cultural

infrastructure facilities were improved, the cultural industries developed rapidly, and reform of the cultural management system was constantly deepened.

②要加强跨境资本流动监测和管理，维护金融稳定和安全。We will strengthen monitoring and supervision

of cross-border capital flows to maintain financial stability and security.

③要统筹经济社会发展，全面加强以改善民生为重点的社会建设。We need to balance economic and social

development and strengthen all aspects of social development with the focus on improving people's lives.

④就业和社会保障工作得到了进一步加强。Efforts were intensified to increase employment and improve the

social safety net.

⑤一个好的演讲者会用事实来加强他论点。A good speaker is able to reinforce his argument with facts.

6. “推进/促进…”

可用的动词有impel, propel, boost, advance, drive, facilitate，promote, accelerate等等。尽量不用push ahead with, give impetus to等短语动词。

①要坚定不移地推进自主创新和经济结构调整。We will unswervingly promote independent innovation and

economic restructuring.

②我们积极推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入了新的活力和动力。We vigorously advanced reform and

opening up and injected fresh vitality and impetus into economic and social development.

③我们要加快推进地震灾区恢复重建。We will accelerate recovery and reconstruction of the earthquake-stricken

areas.

8.“开展…”

可用的动词有start, launch, carry out, develop等等。

①我们在重点林区和长江、黄河上中游开展了天然林保护工程。We launched projects to protect the natural forests in major forest areas and along the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

②要尽快开展装修布展的设计工作。Design of pavilion decoration and exhibits arrangement should be started as soon as possible。

③面对突如其来的甲型HlN1流感疫情，我们依法科学有序地开展防控工作，有效保障了人民群众生命安全，维护了社会正常秩序。Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A (H1N1), we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people's lives and maintained normal order in society.

④开展科学研究：to develop scientific research

9.“搞好…”

可用的说法有improve; to do well in…; to do a good job in…; make progress in…等等。当然更多的时候要根据具体情况灵活处理。

①他们一方面要搞好政治思想工作，一方面要搞好经济建设。They must do well both in political and ideological work and in economic construction.

②你永远应该以搞好你的工作为目的。You should always aim at doing your job well.

③我们坚持一个方针:同苏联继续打交道，搞好关系，同美国继续打交道，搞好关系，同日本、欧洲国家也继续打交道，搞好关系。We adhere to one principle: to maintain contacts and build good relations with the Soviet Union, with the United States, and also with Japan and the European countries.

④经济搞好了，教育搞好了，同时法制完备起来，司法工作完善起来，可以在很大程度上保障整个社会有秩序地前进。When our economic and educational work is proceeding satisfactorily and our legal system and judicial work are improved, the orderly progress of society as a whole can largely be guaranteed.

⑤与同事搞好关系：keep good relations with one’s colleagues

10.“重视…”

可用的说法有attach importance to…; give prominence to…; pay high attention to…; set store by…; place/put emphasis on…; lay stress on…; value; respect

①我们是珍重合作的，但必须他们也珍重合作。We value co-operation, but they ought to set store by it, too.

②在许多国家，童贞已经不像过去那样受重视了。In some countries virginity is not as highly valued as it used to be.

③我们的英语课程非常重视会话技能。Our English course places great emphasis on conversational skills.

④要重视知识，重视从事脑力劳动的人，要承认这些人是劳动者。Great importance should be attached to knowledge and to those who engage in mental labor, and they should be recognized as workers.

11.“完善/健全…”

最可靠的说法有to improve, to make…better,

①基层民主制度进一步健全。The system of local-level democracy was further improved.

②我们要完善就业服务体系，健全劳动力输出输入地区协调协作机制，引导劳动力特别是农民工有序流动。We will improve the employment service system, strengthen coordination and cooperation between labor-exporting and labor-importing regions, and guide workers in an orderly flow, especially rural migrant workers.

12.“坚持…”

可用的说法有stick to…, persist in…, adhere to…, persevere in…, keep to…, to insist on…; to insist that…,甚至continue to do…

to and apply the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares.

②新的一年，我们将继续高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持推进互利共赢的开放战略。In the coming year, we will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, adhere to the path of peaceful development and an independent foreign policy of peace, and pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit.

③为了保持健康，必须坚持科学饮食。To keep healthy, you must stick to a healthy diet.

④除非你坚持不懈地发展天赋，否则天赋是没有价值的。Talent is worthless unless you persevere in developing

it.

⑤坚持走中国特色城镇化道路，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展，着力提高城镇综合承载能力，发挥城市

对农村的辐射带动作用，促进城镇化和新农村建设良性互动。We will keep to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics. We will promote balanced development between towns and large, small and medium-sized cities; increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns; ensure that cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas; and promote positive interaction between urbanization and the building of a new countryside.

13.“贯彻/落实…”

可用的说法有carry out, implement, put…into practice, apply, enforce等等。

①深入贯彻落实科学发展观：thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development

②要落实好城乡免费义务教育政策。提高农村义务教育公用经费标准，把小学、初中学生人均公用经费分别提高到３００元和５００元。We will implement free compulsory education policies for both urban and rural areas well. We will increase public expenditures on rural compulsory education to 300 yuan per primary school student and 500 yuan per junior secondary school student.

③我们完善了促进就业、以创业带动就业的政策，落实了最低工资制度。We improved our policy to stimulate and expand employment by encouraging business startups, and enforced the minimum wage system.

④所有的提议现在均已落实。All the proposals have now been carried out.

⑤4月底，粮食流通体制改革方案出台，几个月来实施顺利，各项政策正在贯彻落实，已经取得初步成效。The program for reforming the grain circulation system was put forward in late April and has been implemented smoothly since then. Various policies have been put into practice and achieved preliminary results.

三、汉语常用副词的翻译

1.坚定不移地/毫不动摇地

常见说法有unswervingly, unwaveringly, firmly, steadfastly

①我们要坚定不移地维护民族团结，进一步构建平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系。We will

unswervingly uphold national unity and further develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.

②坚持把推进经济结构调整和自主创新作为转变发展方式的主攻方向，变压力为动力，坚定不移地保护

和发展先进生产力，淘汰落后产能，整合生产要素，拓展发展空间，实现保增长和调结构、增效益相统一，增强国民经济整体素质和发展后劲。In changing the pattern of development, we will continue to focus on economic restructuring and independent innovation. We will turn pressure into impetus for growth, unwaveringly protect and develop advanced productive forces, shut down backward production facilities, integrate factors of production and create more room for development. We will balance our efforts to sustain economic growth, adjust the structure and improve economic performance to raise the overall quality of the national economy and strengthen the basis for its further development.

③各级政府要坚定不移地把解决“三农”问题放在突出位置，巩固和加强农业基础地位。Governments at

all levels shall steadfastly give priority to solving the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers and consolidating the position of agriculture as the foundation of the national economy

2.认真地

可用的说法有seriously, earnestly, conscientiously, carefully

①我们要认真贯彻党的侨务政策。We will earnestly implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs.

②我们要加强和改善与发达国家的经贸关系，深化与发展中国家的互利合作，认真落实中非务实合作八项新

with other developing countries, and conscientiously implement the eight new policy measures for China's pragmatic cooperation with African countries.

③华南理工大学对实验课的分数要求极为严格，一般只有10％不到的学生能够达到良好，而我所有的实验、实践课成绩均在良好以上，这与我每次实验我总是认真准备、严格操作、不放过任何问题的态度是密不可分的。Because NUAA’s requirements on experimental courses have always been very strict, usually less than 10 percent of students reach the grade of “Fairly Good”. But my grade for all experiments and experimental courses were always “Fairly Good”or above, which was in a large part because I always carefully prepared for and strictly conducted every experiment, not overlooking any problem.

3.始终不渝地/始终如一地/一贯地

常见说法有steadfastly, consistently

①要始终不渝地深化改革开放，不断完善有利于科学发展的体制机制。We will steadfastly deepen reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.

②公司一贯非常重视质量工作。The company has consistently paid attention to quality.

③我们始终不渝地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。We have consistently pursued an independent foreign policy of peace.

4.不断地

常见说法有constantly, ceaselessly, unceasingly

①在这种情况下，在中国实施的标准化战略实际上是国家标准化管理委员会、各级政府以及全国的标准研究和制定机构在实践中不断总结经验，不断探索的标准化战略。In such a context, the standardization strategy that is being carried out in China is one for which the SAC, governments at all levels as well as standards research and formulation organizations across the country are constantly reviewing their experience and making new explorations.

②马克思列宁主义并没有结束真理,而是在实践中不断地开辟认识真理的道路。Marxism-Leninism has in no way exhausted truth but ceaselessly opens up roads to the knowledge of truth in the course of practice.

③中国政府不断采取措施，扩大对外商投资的开放领域。The Chinese government has unceasingly adopted measures to expand the scope for FDI.

5.坚持不懈地

常用的说法有unremittingly, tirelessly

①五年来，我们不断深化行政管理体制改革，加快转变政府职能，全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革，深入推进依法行政，建设法治政府和服务型政府，推进政务公开，加强行政问责，坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争，政府自身建设取得积极进展。We constantly deepened reform of the administrative system. We accelerated the transformation of government functions, completed a new round of reforms of government agencies, intensively carried out administration in accordance with the law, developed law-based government, made the government more service-oriented and government affairs more open, improved the administrative accountability system, tirelessly combated corruption, and made positive progress in government capacity building.

②我们要始终不渝地追求真理，为真理而奋斗。We shall work unremittingly in pursuit of truth and fight for truth.

③我们要进一步加大扶贫开发力度，坚持不懈地消除贫困落后，让农民群众早日过上富裕安康的生活。We will intensify poverty alleviation and development and work tirelessly to eradicate poverty and backwardness so that rural residents can soon live a prosperous and happy life.

6.稳妥地/审慎地/谨慎地

常用说法prudently

①要按照政事分开、事企分开和管办分离的要求，在科学分类的基础上，积极稳妥推进事业单位改革。We will actively yet prudently push forward the reform of institutions on the basis of scientific classifications and in accordance with the requirements that government and business functions be spun off from institutions, and that supervision be separated from day-to-day operations.

7.适度地

常用的说法有moderately, appropriately, properly等

①我们将支持澳门发展旅游休闲产业，促进经济适度多元化。We will support Macao in developing its tourism and leisure industry and appropriately diversifying its economy.

②我们实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，全面实施并不断完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划。We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy. We comprehensively implemented

③要适度地开发古镇的各种资源。Various resources of the ancient town should be properly developed.

8.大力地

可用的说法有vigorously, energetically等

①东部地区要大力开拓国际市场，稳定出口，着力发展先进制造业、现代服务业和高新技术产业，加快产业升级和体制创新，培育新的经济增长点，形成参与国际合作竞争新优势，增强更高水平上的可持续发展能力。The eastern region needs to vigorously open up international markets, stabilize exports, and develop advanced manufacturing, modern services and new- and high-tech industries. It needs to accelerate industrial upgrading and institutional innovation, foster new areas of economic growth, create new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition, and raise its capability for sustainable development.

②要积极推广先进适用技术，大力发展高新技术，开发西部地区的特色资源。We need to actively promote advanced and applicable technologies, and energetically develop new and high technologies and the western region's native resources.

四、关于汉语中的“建设”

经济建设economic construction/economic development; 文化建设cultural progress/cultural development; 生态建设protection of the eco-system/ecological conservation; 精神文明建设cultural and ethical progress;物质文明建设material progress; 社会建设social development;政治建设political development;能力建设capacity building; 党的建设party building;廉政建设to build a clean government

①我们要集中精力把经济建设搞上去。We shall go all out for economic development.

②要大力加强文化建设，推动文化改革发展实现新跨越，满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。We will vigorously strengthen cultural development and make another great stride forward in the reform and development of culture in order to meet the ever-growing intellectual and cultural demands of the people.

③我们要加强资源节约和管理，提高资源保障能力，加大耕地保护、环境保护力度，加强生态建设和防灾减灾体系建设，全面增强可持续发展能力。We will strengthen resource conservation and management, become better able to ensure adequate supplies of resources, intensify the protection of farmland and the environment, strengthen protection of the ecosystem and construction of the disaster prevention and mitigation system, and comprehensively build our capacity for sustainable development.

④我们要加强物质文明和精神文明的建设。We need to foster/promote both material progress and cultural and ethical (cultural and ideological) progress.

五、关于汉语中的“精神”

不是汉语中的所有“精神”都可翻译成spirit或spiritual，要根据具体情况而定。

①各级政府和全国各族人民一定要认真贯彻党的17大精神。Governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China must diligently follow the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.

②解放思想、改革开放的时代精神，已经成为推动社会前进的先进文化力量，使中华民族充满生机与活力。Emancipating our minds, and reform and opening up embody the spirit of our times, and they have become an advanced cultural force driving social progress and have filled the Chinese nation with vigor and vitality.

③文化基础设施建设和公共文化资源配置要向基层、特别是农村和中西部地区倾斜，推进美术馆、图书馆、文化馆、博物馆免费开放，丰富人民群众的精神文化生活。

④文化基础设施建设和公共文化资源配置要向基层、特别是农村和中西部地区倾斜，推进美术馆、图书馆、文化馆、博物馆免费开放，丰富人民群众的精神文化生活。We will give high priority to the primary level, especially rural areas and the central and western regions in developing cultural infrastructure and allocating public cultural resources; make admission to art galleries, libraries, cultural centers and museums free of charge; and enrich the people's intellectual and cultural lives.

五、中译英单句翻译练习

1. 我们学校的学生都非常熟悉计算机系统。(familiar)

2. 他刚一回来就开始抱怨这里严重的空气污染。(complain)

3. 很可能你不赞成我所做的事情。(disapprove)

4. 我们决定将这笔资金分发给需要帮助的人。(distribute among)

5. 没有良好的管理，一家工厂即便装备了最先进的机器也不能赢利。(even if)

7. 他的成就是他几年来做出的不断努力的结果。(due to)

8. 只要能按时完成任务，他不在乎怎么做。(so long as)

9. 我们发现很难跟上科技领域的迅猛发展。(keep step with)

10. 你是否参加我们的活动已无关紧要。(make no difference)

11. 我不去公园不是因为我不喜欢散步，而是因为我没有时间。(no t…but…)

12. 两国领导人的互访将有助于和平解决两国间存在的问题。(contribute)

13. 很多人，包括一些学生，只花极少的时间寻求体魄健康。(in pursuit of)

14. 毫无疑问，直到回到家里她才发现把自行车钥匙忘在了办公室。(until)

15.事实证明，父母的言行对孩子有很深的影响。(have an influence on)

16. 到本世纪末，这个城市的人口将超过1000万。(by the end of)

17.每次我去上海，都能看到这个城市的巨大变化。(every time)

18. 我们依靠报纸去了解正在发生的事。(by )

19. 他的书十分成功，对此我们大家一致深信不疑。(be sure of)

20. 我们的邻居埋怨说我们弄出了很大的声音。(complain)

21.听了他的一席话，我不由得感觉到了威胁。(can’t help feeling)

22.警车在大街上疾驶，追逐另一辆车。(chase)

23.他连走路的力气都没有，更不用说跑步了。(let alone)

24. 归根到底，一切真正的教育都是自我教育。(in the final analysis)

25.玛丽昨天忙于工作，否则，也会来车站接我的。(or)

26.他们走了，好像这事跟他们无关。(as if)

27.现在，人们越来越多依赖计算机来解决各种各样的难题。(depend on)

28.他的英语讲得如此好，以至于我认为他是一个美国人。(s o…that…)

29.尽管他很累了，他还是继续工作，直到完成所有的工作。(as, not until)

30.现实生活比电视剧里描述的复杂得多。(complex)

31.正是这位男孩的懒惰导致他考试失败。(result in)

32.如果有足够的人力和财力，他们在几星期内就可以完成这项工作。(within)

33.不用说，要记住毫无意义的信息是很困难的。(meaningless)

34.我们都认为他是一个诚实的人，但最终他被证明是个小偷。(turn out)

35. 无论是下雨还是下雪都不能阻止我们去杭州旅游。(stop…from…)

36. John 和Mary在锅里煮了一条瘦巴巴的鱼，Ginny 和Winnie却把那八条已经煮熟的鱼吃了。

37. 我借给Louis 一本叫做Standard American English的书，这本书读起来既轻松又有趣。(Use relative clause to complete it.)

38. Candy问Bill:「有发生什么有趣的事情吗?」

39. 虽然Jennny生病了，但她还是通过了考试。

40. 他们两个人当中，有一个没说实话。(Use the word “both” to complete it.)

41. 李说：“假如那时我继续进大学读书的话，我就会学历史。”

42. 如果Melissa 知道我多爱她就好了。

44. 当我今天早上到医院时，约翰已经出院了。

45. 无论是妈妈还是任何家人都无法帮助Tom清洗马厩。

46. 造成玛莉和赖瑞分手的那股愤怒感很可怕。

47. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。(Please include the word “if” to complete the sentence.)

48. 如果明天下雨，我会呆在家里。(Please include the word “if” to complete the sentence.)

单句翻译参考答案：

1. 我们学校的学生都非常熟悉计算机系统。All the students in our school are familiar with computer systems.

注意用法区别：be familiar with / be familiar to

2.他刚一回来就开始抱怨这里严重的空气污染。No sooner had he come back than he began to complain about the serious air pollution here. He began to complain about the serious air pollution here as soon as he came back.

句型：complain to somebody about something

3.很可能你不赞成我所做的事情。You are (very) likely to disapprove of what I have done.

句型：approve of/disapprove of

4.我们决定将这笔资金分发给需要帮助的人。We decided to distribute the fund/money among those who needed help. We decided to distribute the money among those who were in need of help.

句型：distribute something amon g…

5.没有良好的管理，一家工厂即便装备了最先进的机器也不能赢利。Without proper management a factory cannot make a profit even if it is equipped with advanced machines.

注意搭配：be equipped with…;注意连词even if的意思

6.讲座结束后，教授留出半小时让我们提问。After the lecture ended the professor set aside half an hour for us to ask questions after his lecture was ended.

重点是set aside的用法

7.他的成就是他几年来做出的不断努力的结果。His achievements are due to his continuous efforts in the past few years

8.只要能按时完成任务，他不在乎怎么做。He does not care how to do it so long as the task can be finished in a timely fashion.

9.我们发现很难跟上科技领域的迅猛发展。We find it hard to keep step with the fast development of science and technology.

10.你是否参加我们的活动已无关紧要。It makes no difference whether you will take part in our activities or not.

11.我不去公园不是因为我不喜欢散步，而是因为我没有时间。I did not go to the park not because I didn’t like to go for a walk but because I didn’t have the time.

12.两国领导人的互访将有助于和平解决两国间存在的问题。The exchange visits made by the leaders of the two countries will contribute to the peaceful settlement of the problems between the two nations.

13.很多人，包括一些学生，只花极少的时间寻求体魄健康。A lot of people, including some students, spend little time in pursuit of physical fitness.

14.毫无疑问，直到回到家里她才发现把自行车钥匙忘在了办公室。Doubtlessly, she did not realize that she had left her key in the office until she came back home. Doubtlessly, it was not until she came back home that she realized her key had been left in the office.

15.事实证明，父母的言行对孩子有很深的影响。Facts prove that parents’ words and deeds have (a) deep influence on their children.

16.到本世纪末，这个城市的人口将超过1000万。The city’s population will have exceeded 10 million by the end of

17.每次我去上海，都能看到这个城市的巨大变化。Every time/Each time I went to Shanghai, I observed tremendous changes that had taken place in this city.

18.我们依靠报纸去了解正在发生的事。We keep track of what is going on by reading newspapers.

19.他的书十分成功，对此我们大家一致深信不疑。His book was a big success, of which everyone had been sure.

20.我们的邻居埋怨说我们弄出了很大的声音。Our neighbors complained that we were making loud noises.

21.听了他的一席话，我不由得感觉到了威胁。Hearing what he said, I couldn’t help feeling threatened.

22. 警车在大街上疾驶，追逐另一辆车。A police car was speeding on the street, chasing another car.

23.他连走路的力气都没有，更不用说跑步了。He was too weak to walk, let alone run.

24.归根到底，一切真正的教育都是自我教育。In the final analysis, all true education is self-education.

25.玛丽昨天忙于工作，否则，也会来车站接我的。Marry was busy with her work yesterday, or she would have met me at the station.

26.他们走了，好像这事跟他们无关。They left as if the matter had nothing to do with them.

27.现在，人们越来越多依赖计算机来解决各种各样的难题。Nowadays, people are more and more dependent on the computer to solve various problems.

28.他的英语讲得如此好，以至于我认为他是一个美国人。He spoke English so well that I took it for granted that he was American.

29.尽管他很累了，他还是继续工作，直到完成所有的工作。Tired as he was, he did not stop working until he had finished all the work.

30.现实生活比电视剧里描述的复杂得多。Real life is much more complex than what is described in TV dramas.

31.正是这位男孩的懒惰导致他考试失败。It was laziness that resulted in the boy’s failure in the exam.

32. 如果有足够的人力和财力，他们在几星期内就可以完成这项工作。They will be able to finish the work within several weeks if having sufficient manpower and financial resources.

33. 不用说，要记住毫无意义的信息是很困难的。Needless to say, it is difficult to remember meaningless information.

相似说法：it goes without saying that…

34. 我们都认为他是一个诚实的人，但最终他被证明是个小偷。All of us had thought he was an honest man but he turned out to be a thief.

35. 无论是下雨还是下雪都不能阻止我们去杭州旅游。Neither rain nor snow will stop us from going on a trip to Hangzhou.

36. John 和Mary在锅里煮了一条瘦巴巴的鱼，Ginny 和Winnie却把那八条已经煮熟的鱼吃了。John and Mary cooked a skinny fish in the pot but Ginny and Winnie ate the eight fish that had been cooked.

37. 我借给Louis 一本叫做Standard American English的书，这本书读起来既轻松又有趣。I lent Louis a book called Standard American English, which is relaxing and interesting to read.

38. Candy问Bill:「有发生什么有趣的事情吗?」“Has anything interesting happened?” Candy asked Bill.

39. 虽然Jennny生病了，但她还是通过了考试。Jenny passed the exam though being ill.

40. 他们两个人当中，有一个没说实话。Not both of them told the truth.

41. 李说:「假如那时我继续进大学读书的话，我就会学历史。“If I had gone to university to continue my studies I would have chosen history as my major,” Lee said.

42. 如果Melissa 知道我多爱她就好了。If only Melissa knew how deeply I love her.

43. Daniel 正用全速奔跑时，感觉到风把他的红帽从头上吹走了。When running at full speed, Daniel felt that his red hat was blown away from his head by the wind.

44. 当我今天早上到医院时，约翰已经出院了。When I arrived at the hospital this morning, John had been

高考英语中译英测验1,2,3(1)

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高考英语翻译技巧(很有用)及练习题

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高考中译英

1.当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice） At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist/traveller (for help). 2.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur） If never occurred / didn’t occur to me that Tom would/should be elected/made chairman of the Student’s Union. 3.如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。（convenient） If (it is) convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office/please go to the post office and fetch me the parcel. 4.应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。（apply） Students should be encouraged/We should encourage students to apply what they have learned in class to practice . 5.如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。（unless） Our school basketball team will not beat the opponents in the final match/final(s) unless the team members strengthen their cooperation / cooperate well with each other. 1．请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。（or） Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible /you can , or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity . 2．那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（It…） It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty . 3．勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。（infect） Washing hands often/frequently /regularly is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease (s). 4．这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。（remote） The railway crosses/goes across/runs across the plain and connects /, connection the remote mountain (ous ) city with the sea port . 5．这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。（so…that） The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that I can’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back , aside )/ leaving it aside . 1．我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节开幕式(look forward to) We are looking forward to taking part in the opening ceremony of the art to be held next week. 2．多参加些体育锻炼，你就不那么容易感冒了。(If…) If you take more PE exercises, you will not catch a cold so easily. 3．因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(The reason why) The reason why he didn't pass the driving test was lack of practice/ that he lacked practice. 4．直到被送入手术间时，他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性。(not…until…) He didn't know the importance of obeying the traffic rules until he was sent into the room of operation. 5．虽然她孤身一人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。(offer) Though she is single and has no friends or relatives, all the neighbors offer her help/ a helping hand /to help her. 1. 小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。 (help)

中考英语专项复习资料的翻译 --汉译英

中考复习汉译英专项练习 翻译 根据所给提示完成下列句子。 1．让我们尽最大的努力来帮助贫困地区的孩子们。 Let’s __________________________________________ the children in poor areas. 2．你去过盐城科技博物馆多少次了？ _________________________________ Yancheng Science and Technology Museum? 3．要想更好地了解世界，我们有必要学好英语。 It is necessary______________________________ to know more about the world. 4．钟晶医生做着如此重要的工作，村民很感激她。 Doctor Zhong Jing is doing ____________________________ the villagers are grateful to her. 5．这部纪录片帮助人们近距离观察野生动物的生活。 This documentary helps people_________________________________________. 根据句意和汉语提示写出单词，完成句子。每空一词。 6．I plan to go on a trip in _______________________________ (七月). 7．After the whole day’s voluntary work, I felt fine ___________________(除之外) for being a little tired. 8．The show I’m a singer helps audience rediscover many good _________________________(嗓音). 9．To keep fit, we should have more vegetables and fruit _____________(代替) of too much meat. 10．The world is _______(充满) of chances, and we must make a quick decision when we meet one. 根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。 11．熊猫主要以竹子为食。 Pandas mainly_________ ___________bamboo. 12．托尼的书在2012年出版了。 Tony’s book _________ ____________ in 2012. 13．开始我不太喜欢这个工作。 I didn’t like the job very much ______ _________. 14．我想去澳大利亚观光。 I’d like to_________ ___________ in Australia.

高考英语中译英测验

高考英语中译英测验 1 （A） Section A (每题3分) 1. 商店里的商品琳琅满目，让我们眼花缭乱。（accustomed） We are not accustomed to seeing so many kinds of goods in the shop. 2. 他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。（advantage） He took advantage of her kindness to borrow money from her repeatedly. 3. 在西方国家绝对不要问有关工资这样的隐私问题。（ask） In western countries, never ask (a person) about any private affairs like salary. 4. 她已向这家公司申请担任秘书。（apply） She has applied to the company for a position as a secretary. 5. 在旧社会，出身贫寒的人很少有接受教育的机会。(access) In the old society, people from poor families had little access to education. 6. 这个获胜者因她的画而得了一等奖。（award） The winner was awarded the first prize for her picture. 7. 必须立刻采取行动以减少台风带来的损失。（action） Immediate action must be taken to reduce the losses caused by the typhoon. 8. 边开车边打手机是违反交通规则的。（against） Driving while using cell phone is against the traffic rules. 9. 我向你保证我有能力解决这个问题。（ability） I assure you that I have the ability to solve the problem. 10. 你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。（apologize） Y ou should apologize to the people present for what you have just done. 11. 显而易见，这个国家的人每时每刻都可以喝到新鲜牛奶。（available） Obviously, fresh mild is available to the people in the country at any moment. 12. 我很高兴被聘请担任北京奥运会的口译员。（act） Im glad to be employed to act as an interpreter in the Beijing Olympics. 13. 丰富的网络资讯吸引老老少少上网冲浪。（attract） Rich information on the Internet attracts people of all ages to surfing it. 14. 这位科学家终日废寝忘食地埋首于研究。（absorb） The scientist is absorbed in research all day, neglecting sleep and meals. 15. 十分感激你给我这次面试的机会。（appreciate） I really appreciate you giving me this chance of an interview. 16. 各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。（add to） Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets. 17. 人生可贵，不要为日常琐事而忧心忡忡。（anxious） Life is precious, so dont be anxious about everyday things. 18. 再你做决定之前请考虑一下我的感受。（account） Please take my feelings into account before you make any decision. 19. 我已安排了一辆出租车去机场接你。（arrange） I have arranged for a taxi to meet you at the airport. 20. 在山区，很多同我年纪相仿的儿童上不起学。（afford） In mountain areas, many children about my age cant afford to go to school.