but,than引导定语从句和before,until用法辨析

but和than引导定语从句的用法

一、but可被看作关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作主语，在意义上相当于 who not或that not，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。

如：①There is no mother but loves her children．没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

②There was no one present but knew the story already．在场的人都知道这个故事。

二、than作关系代词时，一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中，其结构为形容词比较级（more）．．．than＋从句，than在从句中作主语，相当于that，代表它前面的先行词。（这时，它兼有连词和代词的性质，也有学者认为这种用法的than是连词，后面省略了主语what。）

如：①The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxious than is necessary．室内游泳池过于豪华。

②He got more money than was wanted．他得到了更多的钱。运用上述知识翻译下列句子：

1．任何人都喜欢被赞扬。（but）

2．我们大家都想去桂林。（but）

3．没有人不同情那些嗷嗷待哺的孩子。（but）

4．我们班上没有一个人不想帮你。（but）

5．无论多么荒凉，多么难以行走的地方，人们也能把它变成战畅（but）6．这件事情比想象的要复杂。（than）

7．这个广告的效果比预想的要好。（than）

8．这个问题看起来容易，实际上很难。（than）

9．他爸妈给他的零用钱总是超过他的需要。（than）

10．因为这项工程非常困难，所以需要投入更多的劳动力。（than）

答案： 1．There is no one but likes to be praised．

2．There is no one of us but wishes to visit Guilin．

3．There is no man but feels pity for those starving children．4．There is no one in our class but wants to help you．

5．There is no country so wild and difficult but will be made a theatre of war．

6．This matter is more complex than is imagined．

7．This advertisement is more affective than is expected．

8．The problem may be more difficult in nature than would appear．9．He got more pocket money from his parents than was demanded．

10．The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely difficult．

before 与until

在日常的英语学习中，我们遇到before和until时，往往会将二者搞错。其实，只要我们能把握住两者在使用时本身的含义及主句动词是终止性的还是延续性的，是肯定式还是否定式两大特点，就能很容易地解决这类问题。

一。Before表示“在… 之前”，而until表示“直到…才…”，主句肯定表示主句动作的终止时间，主句否定强调动作的起始时间。

1,主句为否定时，谓语动词为终止性动词。常见的动词有open, start, leave,

go, arrive, finish, begin, stop, etc. For example:

1), The noise of the street didn’t stop before/until it was midnight.

2), The children won’t come back until/before it is dark.

3), I didn’t leave the lonely boy before/until his mother came home.

2,主句为肯定式，谓语为延续性动词。这类动词有：stand, live, stay, talk, be,

wait, etc.

For example:

1). He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school.

2). I will wait before/until he comes to my help.

3). I shall stay here until/before you come back.

二。下列情况下宜用before不用until.

1。主句为肯定式，谓语为终止性动词时只用before. For example:

1). He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.

2). We arrived there before it started to rain.

3). The holiday came to an end before I knew it.

4). He almost knocked me down before he saw me.

2。主句谓语动词强调动作的迟缓性，只用before,这时常伴有时间段状语或时间段暗示。For example:

It was quite a long time before he found the elephant.过了很长时间，他才找到

大象。

We had walked a long way before we found some water.走了很长的路我们才找

到水。

We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.航行了两天我们才发现陆地。It was midnight before my brother came home.我哥哥直到半夜才回来。

3。如果强调从句谓语动作未发生就发生主句谓语动作，只用before,这时常译为“未及（不等）……就……” For example:

1)We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.趁天还不太热，我们上午早点离开。

2)I must write it down before I forget it.趁我还未忘，我必须把它记下来。

4。表示“与其说……倒不如……”,“与其……毋宁……”的意思时只用before.

I would give up my job before I agree to be dismissed. 我与其被解雇还不如先

辞职。

He will die of hunger before he steals.他宁愿饿死也不愿意去偷。

5．在某些特定句型中用before。

It was (not) long before…（不久）过了很长时间才…

It will (not) be long before…（不到）要过很长时间才会… For example:

It will probably not be long before they understand each other. 他们大概过不久

就会互相了解。

It was not long before the whole country rose up. 不久全国人民奋起反抗。

三.下列情况一般使用until

1。主句是持续性谓语动词时，肯定,否定都可以，但意义完全不同，肯定表示动作终止，而否定表示动作开始。For example:

1).We discussed the problem until/before he came back. 我们一直讨论到他回来。

2).We didn’t d iscuss the problem until he came back. 我们一直等他回来才讨论问题。

2．Not…until…句型尽管在某些情况下可与before互换使用，但在强调句中一般仍用until; 1). It was not until he told me that I knew it.直到他告诉我我才知道这件事。

2).It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.直到完成作业他

才回家。

3放于句首时用until. For example:

Until he finished his homework ，he didn’t go home. 直到完成作业他才回家。应注意：在使用not until时，若not until放于句首，句子应部分倒装。For example:Not until he finished his homework，did he go home. 直到完成作业他才回家。

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词。 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job

as引导定语从句的用法

as引导定语从句的用法 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. ================================ As 的用法例 1. the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语； 例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which”特殊定语从句的先行成分 1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如： My grandmother’s house was a lways of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。 3. 句子作先行成分。 这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。

(完整word版)英语定语从句用法详解

英语定语从句用法详解 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如： The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如： The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如： All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时，如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

(完整版)初中英语定语从句讲解教师版

初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版) 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care

英语中六大从句用法总结

英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that 常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

where引导定语从句的用法

Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表 示地点 1、We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly、A、which B、as C、why D、where 2、He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car、 A、which B、as C、why D、where 两道题都选where ,但就是case, situation都不就是地点,如何理解？ 在“先行词不就是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断就是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题就是一个高频考点。就就是说,关系副词where 所指代的先行词不只就是表示地点的名词。

用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where 引导定语从句时,它的先行词就就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不就是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请瞧以下几个例句: Other research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often show great affection for their youngest daughters、 1、Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other、请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。

as在定语从句中的用法

关系代词as 引导的定语从句 1、as 可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。 He is honest, as we can see. 他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。 2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。另外，as 常 常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。 He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，从他的口音我们就可以知道。 John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。 3、当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意： 当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的那个同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿就像着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。

as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语

as的用法: (as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) (1)如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/muchas；so …as等结构中。如： 1. I have the same book as you (have).我有一本和你的一样的书。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.) 2.---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now? --- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in. I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday. 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） (2)如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） 1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health .（as作主语）

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英语定语从句用法总结 定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后关系代词的用法：1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用whose, 如： It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. 4. 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. + which; where = in he arrived. The office where he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或 宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点 状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导 非限制性定语从句。而why 只

than引导定语从句

As、but和than通常都是以介词、连词等身份被大家所熟知，而它们居然可以摇身一变成为关系代词，在定语从句中做主语和宾语。As As最基本的用法是做连词“与……一样”表示同级的比较，介词“作为”。下面是它特殊的用法， 例句：1. He does not possess such qualifications as are necessary to be an actor. 他并不具备一名演员应有的资格。2. She bought the same skirt as I had bought last week so I need to talk to her about it so we don't wear them the same at the same time. 她买的那条裙子和我上周买的一模一样，我要和她商量一下，免得“撞衫”。上面两个例句中定语从句都使用了as作为关系代词，我们可以发现例句1中含有“such…as…”，例句2中含有“the same…as…”，由此可见，我们到底要不要使用as来做关系代词，可以根据句中是否出现了与as搭配的短语进行判断。3. The murderer who had killed several people on the campus was finally arrested by the police, as was expected. 如我们所愿，那个在校园杀害数人的杀人犯终于被警方逮捕。该句中并未出现与as搭配的短语，此处的用法是as做关系代词指代前面整个句子，在定语从句中做主语。 But大家熟悉的but基本都是以转折连词的身份出现，但是它还兼职在做定语从句中的关系代词。例句：There is no man but errs. 没有任何人能够不犯错误。句中的先行词是man，but 自然就充当了关系代词的角色，但我们从句意中可以发现，but带有一层否定的意思，相当于“who not”。那么我们可以把例句转换为：There is no man who does not err. 但要注意，只有在but 前有先行词的时候才有此用法！请比较下面这个例句：He did nothing after graduation but spend his parents' money. 他毕业之后无所事事，就知道花爸妈的钱。该句中but 是介词的用法，有转折的意义。 Than即可以做连词也可以做介词的than都是比较的含义，它居然也可以用在定语从句中。例句：1. Parents had better not give kids more money than is needed. 父母最好别给孩子们太多的钱，够用就可以了。2. Don't order more food than can be finished. 别点太多吃的，会吃不完的。此处Than以主语的形式出现在定语从句中，其实省略了what，than也就等于than what。例句也可以写作：Parents had better not give kids more money than what is needed 例句2则可以转换为：Don't order more food than what can be finished 不管是做介词、连词也好，在定语从句里做关系代词也罢，than都表示了一个比较的关系，从上述两个例句来看，句中都出现了比较级的形式。 一、but可被看作关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作主语，在意义上相当于who not或that not，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。 如：①There is no mother but loves her children．没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 ②There was no one present but knew the story already．在场的人都知道这个故事。 二、than作关系代词时，一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中，其结构为形容词比较级（more）．．．than＋从句，than在从句中作主语，相当于that，代表它前面的先行词。（这时，它兼有连词和代词的性质，也有学者认为这种用法的than是连词，后面省略了主语what。） 如：①The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxious than is necessary．室内游泳池过于豪华。 ②He got more money than was wanted．他得到了更多的钱。

as引导定语从句的用法

as引导定语从句得用法 as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导得非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”得意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country、 (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent、 (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer、 (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe、 ================================ As 得用法例 1、the same…as;such…as 中得as 就是一种固定结构, 与……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has)、 例2、as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health、 As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health、 As就是关系代词。例1中得as作know得宾语; 例2中,它充当从句得主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which”特殊定语从句得先行成分 1、形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义得介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如: My grandmother’s house was a lways of great importance to me, as my own is、 在一定得语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词得性质。这些名词主要就是那些表示人得身份、职业、状态得名词。值得一提得就是,在这些具有形容词性质得名词之后,引导定语从句得关系代词不能用who / whom、 2、动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可就是限定形式也可就是非限定形式。如果就是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式得替代动词do与as / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。 3、句子作先行成分。 这句子可以就是整个主句也可以只就是主句中得一个从句。有时就是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以就是一个完整得故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中得位置 由于先行成分得构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中得位置有以下几种情况: 1、形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质得名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2、动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但就是,当从句中含有表示主观意志得插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3、句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句得位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分就是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分就是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词得相对位置不同可以使它产生不同得意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它得位置不能随便移动。在非正式得文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。 三、“as/which”特殊定语从句得语义功能 一般说来,as与which得语义功能相同,可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时,它们得语义功

高一英语定语从句讲解精华版

定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born

(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.