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新版上海牛津版七年级上册语法

新版上海牛津版七年级上册语法
新版上海牛津版七年级上册语法

新版上海牛津版七年级上册语法

一、知识点

(一)特殊疑问词

特殊疑问句:以疑问代词what, who, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how 等放在句首提问的句子,叫特殊疑问句。答句必须针对问句中的疑问词来回答,疑问词分为疑问代词和疑问副词。

一、特殊疑问词

(一) 疑问代词who/whom/whose/what/which

1. who, whom, whose 只能指人

who常作主语或宾语;whom作宾语,可用who替代;whose常作定语或表语。

eg: Who taught you math last year? (主语)

Whom did you see? (宾语)

Whose father works in Shenzhen? (定语)

2.what用来询问物或数量,用来询问人时涉及人的职业,身份或外貌。如:

What would you like to eat today? 你今天想吃什么?

What is your mother ? 你妈妈是干什么的?

3.which用来询问人或物,一般有特定的选择范围。如:

Which is your sister of the two girls? 那两个姑娘中哪个是你姐姐?

(二)疑问副词

常用的疑问副词有:where, when, why, how以及how引伸的一些疑问词组,如:how much (many), how long, how old, how far, how often, how soon等。他们在句中通常作状语,可表时间,方式,原因等。如:

When will you come back? 你什么时候回来?

Where did you put your mobile phone? 你把手机放哪

Why are you late? 你为什么迟到?

How long did you stay in Beijing? 你在北京呆了多久?

二、不定冠词

1. 不定冠词是a/an,一般放在名词之前。a 用于以辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前,an用于以元音(不是元音字母)开头的单词前。如:

a boy 一个男孩 a European country 一个欧洲国家

an island 一座岛屿an hour 一小时

2.不定冠词的用法

(1) 用在可数名词的单数形式前面

*表示一类事物或人中的任何一个。如:

There is an island over there. 那儿有一座岛

Be sure to bring me a dictionary. 一定要给我带本字典来。

*表示一类事物或人,a/an 在此处不用翻译。如:

An ear is an organ for listening. 耳朵是听觉器官。

A tiger is a wild animal. 老虎是一种野生动物。

(2) 用在专有名词前面,表示“一个”、“一种”、“一类”或“一个类似.....的”。如:

That city is a Venice in China. 那座城市是中国的威尼斯。

1.容易弄错的单词总结

an hour一个小时an honest boy一个诚实的男孩a university一座大学

a uniform一件制服an unusual watch一块不寻常的手表a useful book一本有用的书

a umbrella一把雨伞an uncle一位叔叔

(二)一般现在时:

表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、表示主语具备的性格和能力等。与一般现在时连用的时间状语:often,always,sometimes,usually,every day/ week/ year 等。

一般现在时的构成:(be动词型)

肯定句:主语+am/is/are+其它成分(名词、形容词、介词短语)

He is an engineer.

否定句:主语+am/is/are not+其它成分

They are not in the library.

一般疑问句:Am/ Is /Are+主语+其它成分?

Is it a tall tree? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

一般现在时的构成:(实义动词型)

肯定句:主语(除第三人称单数)+动词原形+其它成分

I get up at six every day .

主语(第三人称单数)+动词s/es +其它成分

My father usually goes to work by bus.

否定句:主语(除第三人称单数) +don’t+动词原形+其它成分

I don’t like swimming.

主语(第三人称单数)+doesn’t+动词原形+其它成分

The old man doesn’t like playing cards .

一般疑问句:Do +主语(除第三人称单数) +动词原形+其它成分?

Do the boys often go swimming in summer?

Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.

主语为第三人称单数

Does+主语+动词原形+其它成分?

Does she brush her teeth every day?

Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词的变化规则如下:

1、一般动词在词尾加-s,如: helps,makes,gets,swims,knows,plays等

2、以s,x,ch,sh 或o结尾的动词在词尾加-es,如dresses,washes,catches,does等

3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es,如fly---flies,study--- studies等

play-plays enjoy-enjoys

(四)名词:

名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词表示可以用数字进行计算的名词,不可数名词表示不能用数字进行计算的。可数名词有单复数形式,若要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念,需使用名词的单数形式。表示名词的单数时,要在名词前面加上冠词a或an.若要表示两个或两个以上的概念时,要用到名词的复数形式。

My younger sister has a job in a store.我妹妹在商店工作。

She has two jobs.她打两份工。

(一)、可数名词与不可数名词

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