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Book 7_U4_语法

Book 7_U4_语法
Book 7_U4_语法

M7 U4 Grammar and usage

Phrasal verbs

制定人:唐海英审核人:魏加年

姓名:___________班级:____________

Ⅰ.短语动词的构成

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3c6941967.html,plete the story with the following phrases:

stand up reply to go into leave…alone

talk with ask for belong to wait for shout at

come to think…over talk to put up with

It was raining. I _________ a café and __________a coffee. While I was ________my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed loneliness. I saw thei r bodies, but I couldn’t feel their souls because their souls __________the Net. I __________ and walked between the tables, when I __________the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man sitting in front of it. “I’m Steve,” he finally __________me after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. “I can’t _________you. I’m busy,” he said. He was chatting online and, at the same time, he was playing a computer game—a war game. I was surprised. I tried to ________him again, he ____________me, “I can’t ___________you. ________ me______”

That night, I _______everything_______, but was at a loss. Are they wrong or I am?

两个或两个以上单词构成的动词。这种动词主要有三种组合形式:

1) 动词+副词

动词+副词构成的动词短语分为两类:“及物动词+副词”和“不及物动词+副词”。“及物动词+副词”短语的宾语既可以放在副词之前也可以放在副词之后,但如果宾语为人称代词,则必须放在副词之前。Eg. (1) He took off his coat.

(2) Having worn his raincoat all the way, he took it off when he arrived at his office.

(3) Uncle Tom passed away (去世) many years ago.

(4) He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out.

(take off 是及物短语动词)

(5) There is of ten a spectators’ balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing.

(take off是不及物短语动词)

(6) His words puzzled me so much that I spent several minutes ________________.

A. making it up

B. to make it up

C. figured it out

D. to figure it out

总结:及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。不及物动词,就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。2) 动词+介词

动词+介词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词,不可分开使用,其后可以直接跟宾语,宾语通常是名词、代词、动名词等,在被动语态中介词不能省略。

Eg. 1. Kate is looking after his sick mother.

2. I came across one of my old classmates Wang Xiaoping.

3.I agree with (与……看法一致)you on that point.

4. Before long he took to (爱上) a girl student in his class.

3) 动词+副词+介词

这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词的后面. 常见的短语有:break away from,go on with,catch up with,look down on/upon,look up to,make up for,put up with。在“动词+副词+介词”的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开。

Eg.1.I couldn’t put up with (忍受) the noise any longer.

2. I don’t ______________ computer games. I think it’s a waste of time.

A. go away with

B. go into

C. go after

D. go in for

补充: 动词+名词+介词构成的动词短语:

常见的这类短语有:make friends with,take care of,make room for,make jokes about,make an apology to,take pride in,pay attention to等。

Eg. 1. Lucy threw away some useless stuff to make room for her new bookcase.

2. Special attention should be __________the pronunciation.

A. paid for

B. paid to

C. taken of

D. taken to

Ⅱ.读读猜猜:

有很多动词短语不止有一个含义,需要我们利用语境来灵活运用。请写出下列短语意思.

1.(1)His accent gives him away as a southerner. ________

(2) He gave away most of his money to charity. _______

(3) They gave away their last chance of winning the match. ________

(4) The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day. ________

2. (1) This price takes in the cost of transportation and food. ________

(2) He was homeless, so we took him in. _________

(3) Fish take in oxygen through their gills. _________

(4) I hope you’re taking in what I’m saying._________

Ⅲ. 高频动词

bring

[要点] bring in引进;挣得bring about引起,导致bring up养育,培养;呕吐;提出bring out使展现,推出(书、唱片等)bring down降低;使倒下bring back把……带回来;使忆起;使恢复bring forth结果,生产,产生bring forward提出;提前bring off 圆满完成(困难之事)bring on惹来(坏的结果);加速生长。[精练]1. The Internet has brought _____big changes in the way we work.

A. about

B. out

C. back

D. up

2. The teacher made up a sentence to ______the meaning of the phrase.

A. show off

B. turn out

C. bring out

D. take in

3. As we all know, air pollution often ____ diseases.

A. brings on

B. brings up

C. brings back

D. brings forward

break

[要点] break down崩溃,瓦解;垮掉;失败;(化学)分解;(公共场所)失去理智break up打碎;大学放假;(物理)分解;分开,分成(几部分);结束;制止break through逾越,突破;冲破break away(from)挣脱,脱离break out爆发break in破门而入break off折断;中断break into进入建筑物以便行窃;突然发出或开始;打扰。

[精练]4. News reports say peace talks between the two countries ____with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down

B. have broken out

C. have broken in

D. have broken up

5. You should relax yourself, otherwise you will _____in time.

A. break off

B. break up

C. wear out

D. break down

6. Until then did I realize that their marriage was _____because they had little in common.

A. breaking up

B. breaking down

C. breaking through

D. breaking off

come

[要点] come about发生come out结果出来;出版;泄露;开花come on跟随;作为挑战语;进展come across偶遇;被理解come true变为现实come up走上前;被提出;长出地面;走近;升起come up with产生,发现(解决办法、答案等)come along一起来come back回来;顶嘴come by努力获得come to总计;清醒过来come off脱落;进展。

[精练]7. The girl is clever and she always ______ good ideas whenever she is in trouble.

A. comes about

B. comes up with

C. gets up as

D. comes up

8. —I don’t feel like going out. Why don’t we watch TV at home?

—______You promised to take me out for dinner.

A. Really?

B. Not at all.

C. Why not?

D. Come on!

9. I have no idea how it _____ that the man met with trouble again.

A. came up

B. came out

C. came across

D. came about

carry

[要点] carry off获胜;成功做成(困难之事)carry on继续,坚持carry out执行carry through帮助渡难关;完成,实现carry back使忆起carry away失去理智。

[精练]10. We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it _____ very well.

A. worked out

B. tried out

C. went on

D. carried on

11. —It’s a good idea. But who’s going to _____ the plan?

—I think Tom and Greg will.

A. set aside

B. carry out

C. take in

D. get through

12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.

A. carry out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry out

get

[要点] get about四处走动;传开get across传达get along\on (with)进展,相处get away逃脱,设法离开get down下来;下车get in 收割;到达;请……来帮忙;考取get off出发;下班get together 聚会get up 起床;组织,筹划get up as打扮成get through 接通;通过;花费get back取回;回到某地;继续做get by勉强够花get down to开始认真干get out被人知道,泄露;逃离get over 克服,成功应付;恢复,复原。

[精练]13. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____ it.

A. got over

B. got on with

C. got around

D. got out of

14. We’re going to _____ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?

A. get in

B. get over

C. get along

D. get together

15. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to __ from home and earn some money on his own.

A. run away

B. get away

C. keep away

D. take away

give

[要点] give up放弃give in 屈服;呈交give out 用尽,耗尽;分发;公布,发表;发出give away露马脚;颁发;赠送,送掉;捐赠give off发出give back归还;使恢复。

[精练]16. His strong accent _____ when he was trying to tell a lie.

A. put him off

B. let him out

C. gave him away

D. turned him up

17. During the urgent period, the ministry of foreign affairs _____ brief news every day.

A. gave away

B. gave out

C. gave up

D. gave off

18. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____ the shocking ending.

A. give away

B. give out

C. give up

D. give off

go

[要点] go against违背;与……不符;对……不利go without勉强维持,凑合go in for爱好,参加;从事go by过去;依据,按照go on继续;发生go over 复习;仔细审查;走近go ahead 进行go though 被通过;从头到尾地阅读;排练;经历go away走开;外出度假;消失go for 去取来或接来;争取得到go out出去, 熄灭, 过时, 罢工, 向往, 辞职, 倒塌。

[精练]19. I don’t ______ rock’n’roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.

A. go after

B. go away with

C. go into

D. go in for

20. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _____.

A. be put up

B. give in

C. be turned on

D. go out

21. The price _____, but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. went down

B. will go down

C. has gone down

D. was going down

hold

[要点] hold on to保留,抓住不放hold back隐瞒;阻碍(某人发展);(因谨慎而)退缩;控制(情感)hold out维持;抵抗,硬撑hold up举起;(常用被动语态)延搁,阻滞;支撑hold up as作为榜样hold off拖延;(雨雪等)迟迟不来;保持距离hold down控制(上升);压制hold in抑制hold on 别挂断,等会儿;坚持hold over延期;以……要挟hold together团结一起。

[精练]22. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to ______it. It might be valuable.

A. hold on to

B. keep up with

C. turn to

D. look after

23. We meant to finish the task by dark, but we were so tired that we could not ______.

A. hold on

B. keep to

C. last on

D. stick to

24. How long can they _____ against the disaster?

A. hold back

B. hold out

C. hold up

D. hold over

keep

[要点] keep away(from)使远离keep back 扣除,保留;隐瞒不讲keep off 避开;不踩、吃、谈等keep on继续keep out 挡在外边;(警示语)请勿靠近keep up保持,不低落;持续,继续keep up with跟上keep down抑制(以防其增长)。

[精练]25. The story is so interesting that he doesn’t _____ it even though it is time for lunch.

A. get rid of

B. keep away from

C. break away from

D. tear himself away from

26. There is a piece of board at the gate of the construction, which reads: _____ without permission.

A. keep away

B. keep out

C. keep off

D. keep up

27. Would you slow down a bit, please? I can’t _____ you.

A. keep up with

B. put up with

C. make up to

D. hold on to

look

[要点] look ahead向前看look about环顾look after照看;负责处理look back 回忆,回顾look out 当心;找出look on旁观look up 向上看;查阅;形势好转;看望look down upon看不起look forward to 盼望look through翻阅look into调查;向内看look round寻找;边走边看,观光look over检阅;逐一检查。

[精练]28. _____ this book and tell me what you think of it.

A. Look through

B. Look on

C. Look into

D. Look up

29. _____! There is a train coming.

A. Look out

B. Look around

C. Look forward

D. Look on

30. She ___ _ her number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.

A. looked up

B. looked for

C. picked out

D. picked up

make

[要点] make up编造;给某人化妆;组成,构成;补齐,凑足;准备,布置make up of 由……构成make up for 补偿,弥补make out 辨认出make into制成;使成为make from制成make of 制成;理解,看待,对待make out of 由……制成make for走向,冲向;有助于,倾向于make off 溜掉make over(正式依法)转让。

[精练]31. Tom was so busy these days because he had a lot of papers to ______.

A. take up

B. make up

C. work up

D. hold up

32. Doctors say early rising _____ good health.

A. makes off

B. makes for

C. makes out

D. makes up

33. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to _____.

A. make it out

B. make it off

C. make it up

D. make it over

put

[要点] put across表达清楚put back放回原处;拨回;阻碍;推迟put down揭下来;踩下;停车下人;平定,镇压;记下put aside放下(正在读的书或正在干的活);储蓄;不顾,忽视put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处;储蓄;过度吃喝;放弃put forth(正式)长出put forward提出(计划、建议);拨快;提前put in插嘴;安装;花费put off延期;推诿,闪避put on穿戴;假装;安排;上映put out扑灭;生产put up为某人提供食宿;短期住宿;建造;举起;张贴,公布put up with容忍。[精练]34. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when you’ve finished with them.

A. put on

B. put down

C. put back

D. put off

35. Before the war broke out, many people _____ in safe places possessions they could not take with them.

A. threw away

B. put away

C. gave away

D. carried away

36. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been ____ completely.

A. turned down

B. put out

C. put away

D. turned over

send

[要点] send for 派人去请;订购send up上升;发射;取笑send out 发送;长出;发出(请柬、信号等)send off送行;邮寄出send away送走;解雇send down下降;开除(大学学生)send forth长出send in寄去。

[精练]37. —Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

—He’s already been ____.

A. asked for

B. sent for

C. called for

D. looked for

38. We can easily pick up the English programs _____ by the CCTV.

A. sent off

B. sent out

C. sent away

D. sent up

39. It was not until seven years old that I was _____ to school.

A. sent away

B. sent back

C. sent out

D. sent for

set

[要点] set off 出发;引爆;引起,激发set out 开始;动身踏上漫长旅途set up 创建,建立;安排;安装;竖起set up as当上set about着手干(尤指费时费劲的事);处理set aside不顾;(为某

种目的,后接for)留出set apart使与众不同;(为某种用途)留出set back阻碍,拖后腿set forth 启程;阐明set in(不愉快的事情)开始,来临set down下车;写下;放下。

[精练]40. It’s ten years since the scientist _____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.

A. made for

B. set out

C. took off

D. turned up

41. The primary school was _____ where there used to be an old temple.

A. set up

B. put up

C. built up

D. held up

42. If you ____ any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.

A. come up with

B. set about

C. run into

D. put aside

take

[要点] take in吸收take for 误认为take out 拿出take down 放下take up从事;拿起;占据(时间或空间)take off 飞机起飞;脱下;休假;走红take by攻占take after像take along 随身携带take away带走,拿走;使离去take back 收回(说错的话);退回(所购商品);使忆起take charge 负责,掌管take on呈现;雇佣take out拿出;带……出去take over 接管,接任take place 发生take to开始喜欢;染上……习惯take with 与……混在一起。

[精练]43. Our daughter doesn’t know what to _____ at the university, so she can’t make up her mind about her future.

A. take in

B. take up

C. take over

D. take on

44. To keep healthy, Professor Johnson _____ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.

A. took up

B. caught on

C. carried out

D. made for

45. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ____ most of her day.

A. takes up

B. makes up

C. saves up

D. puts up

turn

[要点] turn against转而反对; 使与……为敌turn back折回,掉转头turn away转身, 走开, 打发走turn out结果是;关上(电灯); 赶出; 生产, 制造turn down 拒绝; 调小turn off 关掉; 不喜欢turn over打翻; 仔细思量; 翻耕;移交turn in 上交(作业等); 拐入turn into变成; 翻译turn on打开;取决于turn to求助于; 翻到turn up调大; 出现。

[精练]46. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ______ as planned.

A. make out

B. turn out

C. go on

D. come up

47. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please ______?

A. turn it on

B. turn it down

C. turn it up

D. turn it off

48. He was disappointed to find his suggestions _ __.

A. been turned down

B. turned down

C. to be down

D. to turn down

49. Kathy ______ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.

A. picked up

B. took up

C. made up

D. turned up

50. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _____.

A. turn out

B. come out

C. start out

D. go out

英语四级必看英语语法(全)

all the same 仍然,照样的as regards 关于,至于anything but 根本不as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例 as a result(of) 因此,由于as far as ...be concerned 就...而言as far as 远至,到...程度as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下as if 好像,仿怫 as good as 和...几乎一样as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还as well as 除...外(也),即...又

aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多at first 最初,起先 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 内心里,本质上at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少at last 终于 at length 最终,终于at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经,一度;同时at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任...处理at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早by chance 偶然,碰巧

小黄书日语初级上语法汇总

基本句式: 1、判断句:~は~です。(だ) ~は~でした。(だった) ~は~ではありません。(ではない) ~は~ではありませんでした。(ではなかった)  ~は~ですか。 2、疑问句:~は~ですか。(一般疑问句)  ~は(疑问词)ですか。(特殊疑问句) 疑问词:何、誰(どなた)、どれ、どの~、どこ、どちら??? 3、存在句:~に~があります/います。 ~は~にあります/います。 ~はどこにあります/いますか=~はどこですか。(疑问句)4、叙述句:~に+動詞 ~から~まで+動詞 ~は~で~に(へ)行きます/帰ります ~は~から来ました ~は~で~を+動詞 ~は~に~をあげます ~は~に/から~をもらいます

动词: 一段动词、五段动词、サ变动词、カ变动词(连用形1、连用形2)连用形1:+ます/ません/ました/ませんでした +ませんか/ましょう +たい(たがる) +方 连用形2:+て +てから +てください +ている +てはいけない +てもいい +た +たことがある +たほうがいい +た後

未然形:+ないでください +なくてもいいです +ないほうがいいです +なければなりません(ないといけません)基本型:+ことができる/できません +ことです(形式体言) +ことがある +前に

形容词/形容动词/名词: 1、て形 2、~は/が~くなる(になる) ~を~くする(にする) 3、~(な/の)ほうがいいです 比较句型: 1、比较级:~は~より~です。 ~より~のほうが~です。 ~と~どちらが~ですか。 ~は~ほど~(否定)です。2、最高级:~(の中)で~が一番~です。 ~(の中)で~一番~は~です。

英语语法大全(完整版)

【学英语必看】 《英语语法手册》 在实用英语备受青睐的现在,大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时,总是把 听说读写放在首位,诚然,学习语言重在实践。但是,请不要忽视语法的作用,特别是在阅读和写作中,他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构,准确抓住句子的要点,更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集,不需背诵记忆,只要静下心阅读一遍,就能有所收获! 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类,叫做词类。一个 句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成,这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词,要学它的发音、拼法、意义,也要记它的词类;更重要的是要 了解它和其他词的关系,及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词,在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类: 1)名词(noun,缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称,如pen(钢笔),English(英语),life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun,缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词,如we(我们),his(他的),all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective,缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词,如great(伟大的),honest(诚实的),difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral,缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一),eighth(十八),hundred(一百)。

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. :who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如): 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

英语四级语法全

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1)一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生 2)完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前 二)不定式常考的考点: 1)不定式做定语----将要发生 2)不定式做状语----目的 3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性; + doing表示动作的连续性,进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作) 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have t o be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如: want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

标日初级上册语法总结

存在句有2种格式: 名に名があります/います。。。有。。。。教室に机があります。 名は名にあります/います。。。在。。。。机は教室にあります。 不论在哪种存在句,物体存在的地点,都用“に”表示,称作“存在的地点”。另外,存在句中有生命的事物用“います”。无生命的事物用“あります”。 犬はいすの下にいます。本は机にあります。 2,具体时间P70 在日语中表示时间有2种:一个是象今日(きょう)、去年(きょねん)、来週(らいしゅう)、今朝(けさ)、夕べ(ゆうべ)等等单个的时间名词。另一个是年、月、时、星期等等直接有数词的时间名词,称作“具体时间”。用具体时间时后面要加“に”。 私は今朝6時に起きました。山田さんは1998年に大学を卒業しました。 水曜日(に)テストがあります。(星期后面“に”可加可不加) 3,动作的对方或指向。P100 先生は学生に日本語を教えます。老师教学生日语。 私は田中さんに手紙を出しました。我给田中寄了信。 李さんに会います。 4,动作的附着点(归着点)P181 动作或作用后人或物体的附着点(归着点)。 先生は黒板に字を書きます。老师往黑板上写字。 この用紙に名前と電話番号を書いてください。请在这张表格上写上姓名和电话号码。 壁に字を書きました。在墙上写字。 5,移动的方向和目的地p182 表示移动的方向和目的地时“に”和“へ”可以互换。 明日ペキンに/へ行きます。(目的地)角を右に/へ曲がります。(方向) 在拐角处右转。 6,频率P162 在一定时间内进行若干次动作。 試験は2週間に1一回あります。 この薬は一回に二つ飲みます。 いっしゅうかんしゅういちにちひいっかげつつきいちねんねん一週間に------------週に一日に---- 日に一か月に--------月に一年に--------年に 7,目的P162 在移动动词的前面表示移动的目的,动词去“ます”后接“に”。三类动词用词干接“に”。 町へ買い物に行きます。レストランへ食事に行きます。 日本へ日本語を習いに来ました。

英语语法大全

《英语语法大全》 1.名词 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns). 专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等,普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns) 物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。 归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:

1.2其它名词复数的规则变化 1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数: 如:two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较:层楼:storey---storeys story---stories 2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时: a.加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; b.加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c.均可,如:zero---zeros/zeroes 3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时: a.加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs; b.去f,fe加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves; c.均可,如:handkerchief:

英语四级语法全

四级语法 一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表: 1.主动形式 2.被动形式 CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。 时间状语从句当中的时态: 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 一.非谓语动词 一.不定式: 一)不定式的常考形式: 1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚 拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /

新标准韩国语初级上册语法

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是男人。 4、名词+ ???/ ??——非格式体终结词尾 -??用于名词后起谓语作用,一般于指人或事物是什么。 ???/??是??的非格式体。 闭音节+???(=???) 开音节+??(=???) 【?】?????????. 我是中国人。 ???????????. 这是我男朋友。 【??】-那位是谁?-是我父亲。 -这是什么?-是衣橱。 -这里是哪里?-是我家。 5、名词+ ???——体词的疑问形 “-????” 是“-???”的疑问形 【?】??????? 你是成浩吗? ??????? 那是图书馆吗? 【??】是学生/老师吗? 6、名词+ ?/?——主格助词 用于名词或代词后,使其前面的名词和代词成为主语。 开音节+”?” 闭音节+”?” 在一般对话中,当主语是第三人称并第一次被提及时,或者对“??、??、??、??、??”等疑问词为主语的问句进行回答时,使用“?/?” *人称代词?/?/?与?相连时变成??/??/??,疑问代词??与?相连时变成??,这是不规则的变化形式。 【?】??????????. 那是学生餐厅。 【??】我的名字是比利。

薄冰实用英语语法详解

被动语态 现在范畴一般现在时am/is/are made 现在进行时am / is /are being made 现在完成时has/have been made 过去范畴一般过去时was/were made 过去进行时was/werebeingmade 过去完成时had been made 将来范畴一般将来时shall/will be made 将来完成时shall/will have been made 过去将来时should/would be made 过去将来完成时should/would have been made 1. 被动语态的各种时态 被动语态(The Passive Voice)是动词的一种形式,表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动 语态便于论述客观事实,故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写。被动语态没有将来进行时、过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式。 (1) 一般现在时的被动语态 I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易上当受骗的。 Computers are widely used in the world. 计算机在世界范围内得到广泛应用。 (2) 一般过去时的被动语态 The car was seriously damaged. 汽车受到严重损坏。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。 (3) 现在进行时的被动语态 The question is being discussed at the meeting. 这个问题现在正在会上讨论。 The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。 (4) 过去进行时的被动语态 When I called, tea was being served. 当我来访时,正值上茶之际。 When they arrived,the experiments were being made. 他们到达时,实验正在进行。

英语语法大全下载

英语语法大全 1、所有格:He is Fred's best friend.(-'s) 2、动词现在时的第三人称单数:Alfredo works.(-s) 3、动词过去式:Fred worked.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。 4、现在分词/进行时态:Fred is working.(-ing)([注]如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节,则须双写末辅音,如running) 5、过去分词:The car was stolen.(-en);Fred has talked to the police.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。 6、动名词:Working is good for the soul.(-ing) 7、名词的复数:Fred has two blue eyes.(-s)([注]如果动词的尾字是s, sh,x,ch,则需加-es,如dishes) 8、形容词的比较级:Fred is smarter than Rick.(-er)形容词末尾加-er,多音节在前面”加more,如"more difficult"。 9、形容词的最高级:Fred has the fastest car.(-est)形容词末尾加-est,多音节词在前面加most,如"the most difficult"。 英语的基本语序为SVO,且基本上不能任意变换语序,除了在少数诗词以外;另一方面,有时英语会使用OSV的语序。(注:S:Subject[主语];V:Verbal phrase[谓语];O:Object[宾语]) 英语中所有的词可分成十大类,每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这十大词类是: 一、名词:表示人或事物的名称的词。 二、形容词:表示人或事物的特征的词。 三、副词:修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。 四、代词:是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。 五、数词:表示数量和顺序的词。 六、动词:表示动作和状态的词。 七、冠词:与名词连用,其说明人或事物的作用。 八、介词:通常置于名词和代词之前,表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。 九、连词:连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。 十、感叹词:表示说话人感情或语气的词。 英语的时态 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。 (1)一般现在时

英语四级语法大全

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