2019中考英语二轮复习语法突破九动词及动词短语考点剖析讲义7

五四语法九动词及动词短语

语法考点剖析

考点一常见易混动词辨析

1．spend/pay/cost/take表示“花费”。

2.look/watch/see/read 表示“看”。

★look可以表示“看上去”，是感官动词，后接形容词。

★看病(看医生)用see a doctor表示。

3．speak/say/talk/tell表示“说”。

4.感官动词look/taste/sound/feel/smell。

5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借”。

6.hope/wish/expect

expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth.

7.forget/leave

8.hear/listen/sound

9.wear/put on/dress/be in

10.reach/get/arrive

单项选择

1．(2018·山东莱芜中考)—Oh, dear! I can't find my key to the office.

—Don't worry. I think you might it in your car.

A．offer B．forget C．borrow D．leave

2．(2018·新疆中考改编)—Wow, your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?

—Thank you. It me 30 dollars.

A．spent B．paid C．cost D．took

考点二动词短语辨析

常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。

1．同一动词的不同搭配：

①look短语

look after照料；照顾look at看

look for寻找；寻求look forward to盼望；期待

look out当心；向外看look through快速查看；浏览

look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看

look up to钦佩；仰慕

②cut短语

cut down砍倒；减少cut off切除

cut out删除；删去cut up切碎

③run短语

run after追逐；追赶run away跑开

run out (of)用尽；耗尽

④turn短语

turn down调低；拒绝turn up调高

turn... into变成

turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开

turn off关掉turn left/right向左/右转

⑤tak e短语

take after(外貌或行为)像take care of照顾；处理

take down拆除；往下拽；记录take in吸入；吞入(体内) take off脱掉；起飞

take place发生；出现

take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据

⑥get短语

get dressed穿上衣服get into陷入；参与

get lost迷路get off下车get on 上车

get on with和睦相处；关系良好

get up起床；站起

⑦use短语

be/get used to习惯于be used to do被用来做……

used to曾经……；过去……

⑧give短语

give away赠送；捐赠give out分发；散发

give up放弃give in屈服

⑨call短语

call (sb.) back(给某人)回电话

call in召来；叫来call up打电话给(某人)；征召

⑩come短语

come true实现；成为现实

come up with想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)

?bring短语

bring back恢复；使想起；归还

bring out使显现；使表现出

?fall短语

fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着

fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌

fall in love爱上；喜欢上fall over绊倒

?go短语

go along (the street)沿着(这条街)走

go off(闹钟)发出响声go out外出(娱乐)

?make短语

make sure确保；查明make up编造(故事、谎言等) ?put短语

put on增加(体重)；发胖；穿上put off推迟

put up搭起；举起；张贴put away收拾(整理)好put sth. to good use好好利用某物

?set短语

set out出发；启程set up建起；建立

2．同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配：

①up短语

call up打电话给(某人)；征召

cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来

clean up打扫(或清除)干净

cut up切碎dress up装扮；乔装打扮

end up最终成为；最后处于fix up修理；解决

give up放弃grow up长大；成熟

hurry up赶快；急忙look up查找；抬头看

make up编造(故事、谎言等)

pick up捡起；接电话put up搭起；举起

set up建起；建立show up赶到；露面

stay up熬夜

take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据

wake up醒；叫醒

②out短语

blow out吹灭bring out使显现；使表现出

check out察看；观察clear out清理；丢掉

find out查明；弄清give out分发；散发

go out外出(娱乐) hand out分发

hang out闲逛；常去某处lay out摆开；布置

leave out不包括；不提及；忽略

run out (of)用尽；耗尽sell out卖光

set out出发；启程work out成功地发展；解决

③down短语

die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失

let... down使……失望lie down躺下

pull... down拆下；摧毁write down写下；记录下

④with短语

agree with同意；赞成compare... with比较；对比

connect... with...把……和……连接或联系起来

deal with应付；处理

part with放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)

3．完全不同的动词词组：

ask for请求；恳求(给予) care for照顾；非常喜欢

believe in信任；信赖care about关心；在意

clean... off把……擦掉depend on依靠；信赖

divide... into把……分开separate from分开；分离

hear from接到(某人的)信、电话等

throw away扔掉；抛弃drop by顺便访问；随便进入

stick to坚持；固守pay attention to注意；关注

pass by路过；经过pay for付费；付出代价

prepare for为……做准备

pull together齐心协力；通力合作

shut off关闭；停止运转

take sb.'s place代替；替换think of认为

(一)单项选择

1．(2018·山东莱芜中考)Anna is preparing for the coming exam,

so she has to the invitation to the party.

A．turn on B．turn down C．turn off D．turn up 2．(2018·江苏盐城中考)These new types of energy cost very little and will

never ．

A．look out B．come out C．run out D．stay out

3．(2018·河南中考)—Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.

—Pay no attention to him. He is just ．

A．taking off B．showing off C．driving off D．setting off 4．(2018·江苏连云港中考)—I'm sorry to on you, but there are one or two things I don't understand.

—It doesn't matter.

A．cut down B．cut out C．cut in D．cut off

(二)完成句子

(2018·湖北宜昌中考)如果你不想陷入麻烦，就不要忽略任何小错误。

If you don't want to get into trouble, please don't any small mistakes.

考点三情态动词

★1.情态动词过去式与原形相比，表示更委婉的语气。

2．mustn't表示否定意义，意为“禁止，不允许”。

3．have to有人称、数和时态的变化，表示受客观条件限制，意为“不得不”。

She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公交车去上班。

4．“May...？”句式的否定回答：No, ... can't.

“Must...？”句式的否定回答：No, ... needn't.

单项选择

1．(2018·山东莱芜中考)Recently people in China take much money on shopping because they

often use Alipay(支付宝)．

A．needn't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．can't

2．(2018·山东滨州中考)— I swim here?

—I'm sorry. Children swim alone here. It's very dangerous.

A．Must; can't B．May; must C．Can; mustn't D．Can't; can

3．(2018·江苏泰州中考)To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips.

A．should B．may C．could D．might

4．(2018·山东青岛中考)This book be Lucy's. Look! Her name is on it.

A．can B．may C．must D．might

考点四系动词

系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的身份、性质、特征等。

单项选择

1．(2018·贵州中考)The soup would better with more salt.

A．eat B．sound C．taste D．feel

2．(2018·重庆中考B卷)The cake delicious. I'd like to have another one.

A．tastes B．looks C．sounds D．feels

3．(2018·浙江温州中考)The cheese cake so good that I can't wait to eat it.

A．tastes B．feels C．sounds D．smells

考点五助动词

1．助动词be主要用来表示各种时态和被动语态。

2．助动词do有人称和时态的变化，主要用来构成谓语是实义动词的句子的否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。

Do you know China well？你很了解中国吗？

Did your father call you yesterday？你爸爸昨天给你打电话了吗？

3．助动词have可与过去分词构成各种时态。

You haven't been abroad before, have you？你以前没出过国，是不是？

单项选择

(2018·湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州中考改编)—What time Jim usually take a shower, Rick? —He usually takes a shower at six forty.

A．do B．does C．did D．doing

参考答案考点一

1～2 DC

考点二

(一)1～4 BCBC

(二)leave out

考点三

1～4 ACAC

考点四

1～3 CAD

考点五

B

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