高考英语名词知识点知识点总复习有答案

高考英语名词知识点知识点总复习有答案

一、选择题

1．Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A．ancestor B．origin C．belief D．custom

2．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the

latest_______ in Shanghai in August.

A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion 3．Lulu grew up in the ____________ of her high-performing sister, Sophia.

A．protection B．gesture C．shadow

4．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake.

A．edge B．course C．exit

5．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor

6．One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages.

A．mistake B．error C．blame D．fault

7．Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population.

A．has been raised; rise B．has been risen; raise

C．has raised; rise D．has raised; rose

8．The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was offered a good .

A．salary B．price C．service D．reason

9．No ______ has proved that eating too much is the main cause of the weight problem. A．doubt B．wonder C．evidence D．belief

10．It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A．supply B．respect C．devotion D．arrangement 11．---What's new?

---The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel ____ , also known as chunyun, will ___ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.

A．dash; kick out B．rush; kick off C．flow; kick in D．jam; kick up 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.

A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．Childhood ________ often play a big part in shaping one’s character .

A．courses B．experiences C．effects D．records

14．He wins the Nobel Prize for his outstanding _________to physics.

A．contribution B．conclusion C．addition D．explanation 15．Our natural ________ are limited. This means that they will not________forever. A．energies; occur B．materials ; erupt

C．resources ; last D．sources; bury

16．Despite numerous failures, they continued to carry out the____________.

A．method B．experiment.C．warning D．effect

17．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us.

A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream

18．Since he did not prepare for the whole story before class, he just read the of the plot instead. A．headline B．expression C．outline D．title

19．No body knows the man who was killed in the accident, so it is difficult for the police to find out his .

A．accent B．source C．identity D．mystery 20．Modem TVs use many of the ________ first discovered by Farnsworth, who contributed a lot to the development of TV

A．platforms B．principles C．sources D．symptoms 21．Letting virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, take care of your home is a(n) _________ for disaster to some, because AI-infused systems may demonstrate unpredictable behaviors that can be disruptive, confusing, offensive, and even dangerous.

A．topic B．shortcut C．cure D．recipe

22．The explorer got a disease in blood for ________of fresh vegetables and fruit.

A．sake B．lack

C．ignorance D．knock

23．In the________of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term. A．presence B．charge C．control D．absence

24．Luna is a girl of great ______ for she takes a great interest in whatever she sees. A．curiosity B．belief C．concern D．strength 25．Hawking owned a brilliant intellect with a deep ____ for humanity, which enabled him to overcome his terrible disease and become a famous scientist.

A．aid B．concern C．glory D．basis

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除

一、选择题

1．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意：查尔斯·达尔文在他1859年出版的书中解释了地球上物种的起源。A. ancestor祖先；B. origin起源；C. belief信仰；D. custom习惯，风俗。结合句意可知答案为B。

2．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。

3．C

解析：C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：露露是在她高水平的姐姐索菲亚的阴影下长大的。A. protection 保护；B. gesture姿态；C. shadow阴影。根据后文her high-performing sister, Sophia可知，是在姐姐的阴影下长大。故选C。

4．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站在水边眺望湖对岸。A. edge边缘；B. course课程，过程；

C. exit出口。根据生活常识，是站在水边眺望，故选A。

5．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我建议你申请入会。会员可以享受15%的折扣。A. discount折扣；B. dictation听写；C. favor帮助，赞同。根据上一句建议入会，所以推知入会是有好处的，故选A。

6．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪士尼的卡通人物之一唐老鸭总是急着去挑别人的毛病，给各个年龄段的人带来笑声。A. mistake错误；B. error错误；C. blame责备；D. fault缺点、毛病。find fault with sb是固定搭配，表示“挑某人毛病”，故D项正确。

7．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态和名词。句意：自从1949年以来，人民的生活水平提高了，导致了人口的大幅增长。根据句子中的Since 1949可知，此处应用现在完成时，raise是及物动词有被动，故C、D项错误；rise为不及物动词无被动，故B项错误，根据句子可知，raise与p eople’s

living standard之间是被动关系，故填has been raised;第二空由a big可知，用名词，rise当名词讲意为“增长；上升”。故选A。

8．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个工人对他的老板很满意，因为他的薪水很高。A. salary薪水；B. price价格；C. service服务；D. reason理由。根据The worker was satisfied with his boss可知，此处指这个工人被提供了一个好的薪水。故选A。

9．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：没有证据表明吃的过多是引起体重问题的主要原因。A. doubt疑问；B. wonder难怪；C. evidence证据；D. belief信念。根据句意理解，没有证据可以证明肥胖问题的原因这种说法比较通顺容易理解。故选C项。

10．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是她对医学研究的投入，帮助屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖。A. supply提供；B. respect尊重；C. devotion奉献，投入；D. arrangement安排。根据Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize可知，屠呦呦对医学研究的投入了很多时间。故选C。

11．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析和动词短语词义辨析。句意：---有什么新消息？---即将到来的40天的春运高峰期，又称春运，将于1月10日拉开序幕，2月18日结束。A. dash破折号; kick out 撵走；B. rush 高峰期； kick off 开始；C. flow 流动 ; kick in 药物开始起作用；D. jam 拥挤; kick up 出故障。由“The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival”可知，第一个空在说春运高峰期。由“end on Feb 18”可知，第二个空在说春运的开始时间。end与kick off“开始”相对应。故选B项。

12．A

解析：A

【解析】

考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。

13．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：童年经历往往在塑造一个人的性格方面起着很大的作用。A. courses课程；B. experiences经历；C. effects影响；D. records记录。结合句意表示“童年

经历”，故选B。

14．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因对物理学的突出贡献而获得了诺贝尔奖。A. contribution贡献；B. conclusion结论；C. addition增加，附加物；D. explanation解释。根据“He wins the Nobel Prize”可知，此处指对物理学的突出“贡献”。故选A项。

15．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词和动词辨析。句意：我们的自然资源是有限的，这意味着它们不能永远持续。A. energies; 精力；occur 发生；B. materials ; 材料；erupt 爆发；C. resources ; 资源；last 持

续； D. sources;资源； bury埋葬。有限的是自然资源，有限当然不能持续使用。故选C。16．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管失败了很多次，他们仍然继续进行实验。A. method方法；

B. experiment实验；

C. warning警告；

D. effect效果。根据Despite numerous failures, they continued to carry out可知，此处用“实验”符合句意，故选B项。

17．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一直在传播虚假故事试图诽谤我们。A. attempt企图，试图；

B. programme节目，项目；

C. intention意图，目的；

D. dream梦想。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语in an attempt to do sth.“试图/企图做某事”，故选A项。

18．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意：由于上课前他没有准备整个故事，他只看了故事梗概。A. headline大标题；B. expression表达，表情；C. outline大纲，概要；D. title标题。这里指“故事梗概”。故选C。

19．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意：没有人知道在事故中丧生的那个人，所以警察很难查明他的身份。A. accent口音；B. source来源；C. identity身份；D. mystery秘密，神秘。此处指警察要查明死者的“身份”。故选C。

20．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代电视使用了最初由Farnsworth发现的许多原理，他对电视的发展做出了很大贡献。A. platforms平台；B. principles原则；C. sources来源；D. symptoms症状。根据句意可知，现代电视利用了由Farnsworth发现的原理，故选B。21．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：让虚拟助手(比如亚马逊的Alexa)照顾你的家，对某些人来说无异于一场灾难，因为人工智能系统可能会表现出不可预测的行为，这些行为可能具有破坏性、混乱性、攻击性，甚至是危险的。A. topic话题；B.shortcut捷径；C. cure治愈；D. recipe配方。分析句子可知，显然让虚拟助手掌握实权带来的是不好的结果，也就是导致了灾难的发生，a recipe for disaster“后患无穷”。故选D项。

解析：B

【解析】

考查名词。for the sake of为了……的缘故；for lack of由于缺少；ignorance无知；knock敲打，敲击。句意：探险家因为缺少新鲜的蔬菜和水果，得了一种血液病。根据句意应选B。

23．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏更一步的证据，警察不能在短时间内解决这桩谋杀案。A. presence在场；B. charge管理；C. control控制；D. absence缺席。根据,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.可知，此处考查固定短语in the absence of“缺乏”，故选D项。

24．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：Luna是一个充满好奇心的女孩，因为她无论看见什么东西，都有极大的兴趣。A. curiosity好奇心；B. belief信念；C. concern关心，忧虑；D. strength力气。根据“she takes a great interest in whatever she sees(因为她无论看见什么东西，都有极大的兴趣)”可推知，Luna是一个充满好奇心的女孩。故选A项。

25．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍金有聪明的才智，对人性有着深切的关怀，这使得他能够克服严重的疾病成为一个著名的科学家。A. aid帮助；B. concern关心；C. glory荣耀；D. basis基础。根据句意可知，此处用“关心”符合语境，故选B项。

高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1)

高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1) 一、选择题 1．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 5．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 8．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein. —It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg! A．no doubt B．no surprise C．no way D．no need 9．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 10．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate. A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation 11．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health. A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States. A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands

高考英语专题一名词

考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes

2.不规则变化

注意:1.fish的“数” ?

2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?

4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。

It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格

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